그리스 요리

Greek cuisine
에 관한 시리즈의 일부.
그리스의 문화
역사
사람
언어들
신화
요리.
축제
종교
예체능
문학.
음악과 공연예술
미디어
스포츠
기념물
기호

그리스 요리는 그리스와 그리스 디아스포라의 요리입니다.[1][2][3][4][5] 지중해의 다른 많은 음식과 공통적으로 밀, 올리브 오일 및 와인 삼합지에서 발견됩니다.[6][7][8] 돼지고기, 가금류, 송아지 및 쇠고기, 양고기, 토끼 및 염소를 포함한 야채, 올리브 오일, 곡물, 생선 및 육류를 사용합니다. 다른 중요한 재료로는 파스타, 치즈,[10][11] 레몬 주스, 허브, 올리브 및 올리브 오일,[12][13] 요구르트가 있습니다[9]. 밀로 만든 빵은 어디에나 있고, 보리를 포함한 다른 곡물들도 특히 팍시마티아에 사용됩니다. 일반적인 디저트 재료에는 견과류, 꿀, 과일, 참깨 및 필로 페이스트리가 포함됩니다. 터키, 발칸 및 이탈리아의 영향을 통합하면서 [14][15]고대 그리스 및 비잔틴 요리의 전통을 이어갑니다.[16][17][18][19][20]

역사

주요 기사: 고대 그리스 요리

그리스 요리는 그리스 문화의 일부이며 고대의 이미지와 텍스트로 기록되어 있습니다.[21][22][23] 그것의 영향은 고대 로마와 그 후 유럽 전역과 그 너머로 퍼졌습니다.[24]

고대 그리스 요리는 검소함을 특징으로 하며 밀, 올리브 오일, 와인과 같은 "지중해 삼합지"에 기반을 두었으며, 고기는 거의 먹지 않고 생선은 더 흔했습니다.[6] 그리스 식단의 이러한 경향은 키프로스에서 계속되었고 기술 발전으로 고기를 더 많이 이용할 수 있게 된 상당히 최근에서야 바뀌었습니다.[25] 와인과 올리브 오일은 항상 그것의 중심적인 부분이었고, 지중해와 더 나아가 한 분야에 포도와 올리브 나무가 퍼져나가는 것은 그리스 식민지화와 상관관계가 있습니다.[26][27]

스파르타식 식단은 또한 검소함으로 특징지어졌습니다. 스파르타인의 식단에서 악명 높은 주식은 돼지 다리, 돼지의 피, 올리브 오일, 월계수 잎, 다진 양파, 소금, 물, 식초를 요리 과정에서 혈액이 응고되지 않도록 유화제로 끓여 만든 멜라스 조모스(흑국)였습니다. 스파르타의 군대는 주로 생계를 유지하는 식단의 일부로 이것을 먹었습니다. 이 요리는 스파르타인들의 그리스 동시대 사람들, 특히 아테네인들과 코린토스인들에게 스파르타인들의 다른 삶의 방식을 보여주는 증거로 주목받았습니다.

비잔틴 요리는 캐비어, 육두구, 바질과 같은 새로운 재료가 추가되어 고대 요리와 유사했습니다. 그리스 요리에서 유명하고 2세기에 도입된 레몬은 식단에 포함되기 전에 의약품으로 사용되었습니다. 물고기는 계속해서 해안 거주자들의 식단에 필수적인 부분이었습니다. 요리 조언은 고대 그리스 의사 클라우디우스 아엘리우스 갈레누스에 의해 처음 제시된 유머 이론에 의해 영향을 받았습니다.[28] 비잔틴 요리는 향신료 무역의 세계적인 중심지로서 콘스탄티노플의 위치로부터 이익을 얻었습니다.[29]

개요

테살로니키의 그리스 샐러드
레몬 주스, 감자, 향신료로 양념한 양고기로 구성된 전통적인 그리스 크레티코(kleftiko)는 밀봉된 용기에서 천천히 요리됩니다.[30]
그리스 바클라바
피타에서 굴러온 그리스 자이로

그리스 요리의 가장 특징적이고 고대의 요소는 올리브 오일로 대부분의 요리에 사용됩니다. 이 지역 곳곳에서 눈에 띄는 올리브 나무에서 생산되어 그리스 음식의 독특한 맛을 더해줍니다. 올리브 자체도 널리 먹습니다. 그리스의 기본 곡물은 밀이지만 보리도 재배됩니다. 중요한 채소로는 토마토, 오베르진(가지), 감자, 생두, 오크라, 풋고추(캡시쿰), 양파 등이 있습니다. 그리스의 꿀은 주로 과일 나무와 감귤나무의 꿀에서 나오는 꿀입니다: 레몬, 오렌지, 빅아레이드 (쓴 오렌지) 나무, 백리향 꿀, 그리고 소나무 꿀. 향기로운 상아색의 식물 수지인 매스틱은 에게 해의 키오스 섬에서 재배됩니다.

그리스 요리는 오레가노, 민트, 마늘, 양파, 딜, 쿠민, 월계수 잎과 같은 다른 지중해 요리보다 더 자주 사용합니다. 다른 일반적인 허브와 향신료에는 바질, 백리향 및 회향 씨앗이 포함됩니다. 파슬리는 일부 요리의 고명으로도 사용됩니다. 특히 그리스 북부 지역의 많은 요리법들은 고기와 함께 "달콤한" 향신료를 사용하는데,[31][32] 예를 들어 계피, 모든 향신료와 스튜의 정향을 사용합니다.

기후와 지형은 소보다 염소와 양의 번식을 선호하는 경향이 있으므로 쇠고기 요리는 흔하지 않습니다. 생선 요리는 해안 지역과 섬에서 흔히 볼 수 있습니다. 페타, 카세리, 케팔로티리, 그라비에라, 안토티로스, 마누리, 메초보네, 라도티리(올리브유를 넣은 치즈), 칼라타키(림노스 섬의 특산물), 카티키 도모코우(크림치즈, 스프레드에 적합), 미지트라 등 매우 다양한 치즈가 그리스 요리에 사용됩니다.[33]

그리스에서는 외식이 일반적입니다. 선술집과 에스티오리오는 널리 퍼져 있어 현지인과 관광객 모두에게 저렴한 가격에 집에서 요리를 제공합니다. 현지인들은 여전히 그리스 요리를 많이 먹습니다.[34][35]

일반적인 길거리 음식에는 수블라키, 자이로, 다양한 피타 및 로스트 콘이 포함됩니다.

패스트푸드는 1970년대에 인기를 끌었는데, 구디스와 맥도날드와 같은 일부 체인점은 햄버거와 같은 국제 음식을 제공하고 [36]다른 체인점은 수블라키, 자이로스, 티로피타, 스파나코피타와 같은 그리스 음식을 제공합니다.

오리진스

그리스 페타 치즈 속 비프테키 버거
수블라키

많은 요리들은 고대 그리스로 거슬러 올라갈 수 있습니다: 렌틸콩 수프, 파솔라다 (현대판은 흰콩과 토마토로 만들어졌지만 둘 다 신세계 식물입니다), 티가나이트, 레치나(송 수지로 맛을 낸 흰색 또는 로제 와인)와 파스텔리(꿀로 구운 참깨를 곁들인 캔디 바), 일부는 헬레니즘 및 로마 시대: 루카니코(건 돼지고기 소시지), 비잔티움: 페타 치즈, 아보타라호(양념 어란), 무스탈레브리아 및 팍시마디(밀, 보리 및 호밀로 구운 전통적인 딱딱한 빵). 더 이상 소비되지 않는 고대와 비잔틴 요리도 많이 있습니다: 주식인 죽(그리스어로 칠로스), 생선 소스(가로), 그리고 와인에 섞인 소금물.[37][38][39]

일부 요리는 이탈리아에서 차용하여 그리스의 입맛에 맞게 변형된 것입니다: 파스티치오(pasticchio), 파스티차다(pasticchiata), 스티파도(stufato), 살라미(salami), 마카로니아(macaronia), 만돌라토(mandolato)[40] 등.

일부 그리스 요리는 페르시아, 레반틴-아라빅, 터키 및 비잔틴 요리의 영향을 결합한 오스만 요리에서 계승되었습니다: 메제, 카다이피, 할바 및 루코우미.

20세기에 프랑스 요리는 그리스 요리에 큰 영향을 미쳤는데,[41][42][43] 주로 프랑스에서 훈련받은 요리사 니콜라오스 셀레멘테스(Nikolaos Tsellementes)가 현대 그리스식 파티시오를 만들었습니다. 그는 또한 기존의 가지 요리와 프랑스 스타일의 그라탕 토핑을 결합하여 현대 그리스 버전의 무사카를 만들었습니다.

지역

주류 지역 음식과 구별되는 것은 다음과 같습니다.[3][44][45][46][47][48][49]

그리스에 사는 일부 소수 민족들도 그들만의 요리를 가지고 있습니다. 한 가지 예는 아로마니안과 아로마니안 요리입니다.

일반적인 요리

주요 기사: 그리스 요리 목록
그리스무사카

일반적인 집밥에는 올리브 오일로 끓인 제철 채소, 허브 및 라테라로 알려진 토마토 소스가 포함됩니다. 이 요리에 사용되는 야채에는 생두, 완두콩, 오크라, 콜리플라워, 시금치, 부추 등이 포함됩니다.[9][55][56]

많은 음식들이 필로 페이스트리로 한 입 크기의 삼각형 또는 큰 시트로 싸여 있습니다: 코토피타(치킨 파이), 스파나코피타(스파나치 앤 치즈 파이), 호르토피타(그린 파이), 크레토피타(고기 파이, 다진 고기를 사용하는 것), 콜로키토피타(애호박 파이) 등. 그들은 셀 수 없이 많은 종류의 피타(신선한 파이)를 가지고 있습니다.

그리스 전역에서 볼 수 있는 그리스 요리 외에도 많은 지역 요리가 있습니다.[57][58]

북서부 및 중앙 그리스(에피루스, 테살리아 및 로멜리/중앙 그리스)는 일부 특별한 지역 피타와 같은 필로 기반 요리의 강한 전통을 가지고 있습니다.

그리스 요리는 페이스트리부터 메인 요리에 이르기까지 모든 것에 씨앗과 견과류를 사용합니다.[59]

그리스 요리 목록에는 일부 지역 요리뿐만 아니라 그리스 전역에서 볼 수 있는 요리가 포함되어 있습니다.[60][61][62]

애피타이저

칼라마타올리브스
깔라마리 (오징어 튀김)

샐러드

그리스 요리에서 에피타이저는 샐러드이기도 합니다.

스프레드와 딥

그리스 요리에서 에피타이저는 소스에 속하는 스프레드와 딥이기도 합니다.

수프

접시.

선택한 요리는 다음과 같습니다.[150]

  • 아키나레스, 카툰에는 다양한 요리법이 있습니다.[151]
  • 파솔라키아(Fasolakia)는 다른 채소 재료와 함께 올리브 오일에 끓인 녹두로,[152][153] 말 그대로 올리브 오일로 조리된 채소 요리인 "기름"으로 번역되는 라데라(Ladera)에 속합니다.
  • 아라카스([154]완두콩)는 라데라 요리에 속하며, "아라카스 미 아그키나레스(Arakas me Agkinares)"라는 요리로 잘 알려져 있습니다.[155]
  • 베이미([156][157]okra)는 라데라 요리에 속합니다.
  • 투를루(Tourlou)라고도 알려진 브리암([158]Briam)은 일반적으로 가지, 애호박, 양파, 감자, 토마토, 마늘, 파슬리로 만든 라데라 요리에 속합니다.
  • 그리스어로 "채움"된 게미스타([159]또는 예미스타)는 쌀 또는 갈은 쇠고기 또는 양파, 민트, 파슬리, 올리브 오일과 함께 속이 꽉 찬 피망과 토마토를 구웠습니다.
  • 라하노돌은 쌀 또는 갈은 쇠고기 또는 둘 다, 양파, 민트, 파슬리, 아볼레모노 소스로 속을 채운 연두색 양배추 롤을 굽습니다.[160]
  • 라하노리조,[161] 쌀과 양배추, 양파, 신선한 허브, 토마토 소스 옵션 추가.
  • 쌀, 잘게 썬 달콤한 부추, 올리브유, 마늘, 딜로 만든 프라소리조(파와 쌀).[162]
  • 스파나코리조(스파치와 밥),[163][164]
  • 아파키,[165] 돼지고기 경화. 식초에 2, 3일 동안 재워 두었다가 향긋한 허브와 다양한 향신료로 고기를 훈제합니다. 아파키는 스스로 요리하거나 다른 요리에 추가할 수 있습니다.
  • 스티파도([166][167]스튜), 아기 양파, 토마토, 와인 또는 식초, 올리브 오일, 월계수 잎, 흑후추, 돼지고기, 염소, 토끼, 산토끼, 쇠고기, 달팽이, 곱창, 문어 등의 고기로 조리합니다.
  • 감자 야크니,[168][169] 감자 스튜, 토마토 소스에 양파, 마늘, 허브 및 향신료를 넣고 끓인 감자.
  • 파스타시오, 다진 고기와 베샤멜 소스를 곁들인 구운 파스타 요리.
  • 감칠맛 나는 토마토 소스와 어우러져 파스타 위에 올려지는 랍스터 고기인 아스타코마카로나다(랍스터와 스파게티).[170]
  • 마카로니아메키마(갈은 고기를 넣은 스파게티),[171][172]
  • 가리도마카로나다(새우와 스파게티),[173]
  • Melitzanes Papoutsakia, 간 쇠고기로 속을 채운 구운 가지에 부드러운 베샤멜 소스를 얹습니다. 이 요리는 모양이 작은 신발을 닮았기 때문에 파푸우타키아(작은 신발)라고 불립니다.
  • 매운 시골 소시지, 달콤한 고추, 양파, 마늘, 올리브 오일을 풍부한 토마토 소스에 넣어 만든 스페츠포파이.[174][175]
  • 기우베치,[176] 양고기(또는 쇠고기) 조각, 오르조와 같은 작은 국수는 모두 마늘과 오레가노를 곁들인 토마토 소스에서 함께 요리됩니다.
  • 자이로스,[177] 돼지고기 또는 닭고기를 수직 로티세리에 조리한 것, 양파, 토마토, 양상추, 감자튀김, 차츠키와 같은 소스를 피타 빵에 말아 넣은 것.
  • 밀가루, 계란, 우유, 소금으로 만든 그리스 전통 파스타인 [178]치킨을 곁들인 힐로파이트.
  • 파스티사다.[179]
  • 부르데토
  • 감자를 곁들인 닭구이,[180][181]
  • 크레티코,[182][183] 감자, 피망, 양파, 페타 치즈를 넣은 양피지로 싼 느릿느릿 구운 양 다리 또는 양 어깨에 올리브 오일, 레몬 주스, 마늘, 신선한 로즈마리 및 허브로 양념합니다.
  • 살코기로 만든 미트볼을 달걀, 양파, 마늘, 파슬리, 민트와 함께 튀긴 케프테다키아(미트볼),[184][185] 반은 간 쇠고기와 반은 간 돼지고기를 사용하여 만들기도 합니다.
  • 길이로 자른 부드러운 가지인 무사카스 또는 감자를 베이스로 한 양고기 갈은 고기에 베샤멜 소스를 두툼하게 얹습니다.[186][187]
  • 모샤리 코코키니스토,[188][189] 송아지 고기 조림, 양파, 마늘, 올리브 오일, 토마토 소스, 바스마티 밥, 파스타, 감자 또는 감자 퓨레와 함께 제공됩니다.
  • 돼지고기, 쇠고기 또는 양고기를 갈아 만든 그리스판 버거패티에 양파, 빵가루, 계란, 파슬리잎을 곱게 다진 후 오레가노를 섞어 만든 비프테키아.[190][191][192] 굽거나 굽거나 튀길 수 있습니다.
  • 아르나키에서 네 가지 이름의 팥소 (감자를 넣고 구운 양고기),[193]
  • 카치카키스톤포노(불에 구운 염소),[194]
  • Paydakia,[195][196] 양갈비구이.
  • 히리노메 셀리노,[197][198] 샐러리 돼지고기.
  • 쿠민과 계피로 만든 길쭉한 모양의 쇠고기 미트볼인 Soutzoukakia Smyrneika([199][200][201][202]스미르나 미트볼)를 풍부한 토마토 소스에 넣고 끓입니다.
  • 잘 알려진 수블라키 피타가 있는 수블라키.[203][204][205]
  • Kontosouvli,[206][207]
  • 수블라
  • 코코레치는 [208]양이나 염소의 내장을 양념한 오팔에 싸서 구운 음식으로 달콤한 빵, 심장, 폐 또는 신장을 포함합니다.
  • 티가니아,[209] 돼지고기나 닭볶음. "티가니아"라는 이름은 음식이 요리되는 얕은 팬을 말합니다.
  • 파그리스티샤라 (붉은 돼지구이)
  • 가브로스트티가니토스(멸치튀김),[210]
  • Gopes tiganite, 튀긴 boops boops fish.[211]
  • 대구 생선인 바칼리아로스([212][213]Merlucius merlucius)는 주로 스코달리아 딥과 감자 튀김과 함께 제공되는 튀긴 바칼리아로스입니다.
  • 수프(커틀피시),[214][215]
  • 시피아스([216]또는 시피아스)는 황새치의 일종입니다.

디저트와 페이스트리

선택된 디저트와 페이스트리는 다음과 같습니다.[150]

음료 및 음료

선택된 음료 및 음료는 다음과 같습니다.[274][275][276]

참고 항목

참고문헌

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추가읽기

  • Dalby, Andrew (1996). Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-11620-1.
  • Oliver, Garrett, ed. (2012). The Oxford Companion to Beer. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536713-3.
  • Halevy, Alon Y. (2011). The Infinite Emotion of Coffee. Macchiatone Communications. ISBN 978-0-9847715-1-6.
  • Karayanis, Dean; Karayanis, Catherine (2008). Regional Greek Cooking. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 978-0-7818-1146-0.
  • Kousoulas, Kostas (2001). "Naousa and its Wines" (PDF). Niaousta (in Greek). 94: 32–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  • Nelson, Max (2005). The Barbarian's Beverage. Routledge. ISBN 1-134-38672-9.
  • Unwin, Tim (1996). Wine and the Vine. Routledge. ISBN 0-203-01326-3.
  • Walton, Stuart; Glover, Brian (2011). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Wine, Beer & Spirits. London: Hermes House.

외부 링크

위키미디어 커먼즈에는 그리스 요리와 관련된 미디어가 있습니다.
Wikibooks에는 다음과 같은 주제의 책이 있습니다: Cookbook:그리스의 요리