과학에서 2022년 2022 in science
2022년 과학 관련 사건
2022년 과학의 사건 개요
2022년 에는 다음과 같은 과학적 사건들이 일어났습니다.
이벤트 1월 3일: 2억 건 이상의 과학 문서에 대한 메타데이터 를 가진 무료 온라인 인덱스 오픈알렉스 출시.[1] 그래프(전체) 는 이 데이터에 기초 하여 전체적으로 과학의 최근 발전에 대한 하나의 시각화를 보여줍니다(성공, 우선 순위, 영향 또는 활동 감소와 관련이 없을 수 있음).[2] 1월 2월 3월
4월 4월 5일: 한 연구에 따르면 만약 "중성" 이 암흑 에너지에 대한 설명 이고 현재의 데이터 또한 사실이라면, 세계 는 다음 100 My 이내에 종말을 맞이하기 시작 할 수 있으며, 이 기간 동안 우주의 가속적 인 팽창은 수축(순환 모델 )과 반대가 될 것이라고 합니다. 4월 6일: 칙술루브 충돌의 실제 날과 관련된 최초의 알려진 공룡 화석이 보고되었습니다. 4월 6일: 한 연구가 곰팡이 사이 의 전기적 통신 을 단어와 같은 구성 요소 로 해독합니다. 4월 22일: 한 연구에서 지구 환경 규제와 유사 한 위성 /우주 파편 의 우주 거버넌스 에 대한 이론적 근거를 설명합니다. 4월 26일: '글로벌 탄소 예산 2021' 결과가 동료 심사 를 통과하여 온실가스 배출 추세가 문제적으로 지속됨을 보여줍니다.[60] 4월 16일 – 한 검토 에 따르면 감염 후 장기간 코로나19가 전 세계적으로 43%까지 유행할 수 있으며, 가장 일반적 인 증상은 피로와 기억력 문제입니다.[61] [62] 4월 19일 – NASA 가 2023-2032년 행성 과학 10년 앞으로 추천될 우주 탐사선에는 천왕성 궤도선(1986년 이후 처음으로 이 행성에 방문)과 엔셀라두스 궤도선 (2050년대 초 착륙)이 포함되어 있습니다.[63] [64] 4월20일 4월 21일 – 연구원들은 인간이 가장 큰 척추동물들 을 멸종 으로 몰고 가면서 6천 6백만 년 된 생태계의 특징인 식습관과 체질량 사이의 관계를 방해하고 있다는 것을 발견했는데, 그들은 이것이 예측할 수 없는 결과를 가져올 수 있다고 암시합니다.[69] [70] [71] 4월22일 4월25일 4월26일 과학자들은 구아닌 , 아데닌 , 사이토신 , 유라실 , 티민 등 여러 운석 에서 퓨린 과 피리미딘 핵염기 가 검출됐다고 보고하고, 이러한 운석 핵염기가 "초기 지구 의 DNA 와 RNA 의 구성 요소" 역할을 할 수 있다고 주장합니다.[88] 2021년 글로벌 탄소 예산 은 화석2 CO 배출량이 2020년 배출량 대비 약 +4.8% 반등했다고 결론 내렸습니다. 2019년 수준으로 복귀하고, 신뢰할 수 있는 모니터링 정확도 향상을 위한 세 가지 주요 문제를 파악하며, 중국과 인도는 2019년 수준을 넘어섰고(5.7% 및 3.2%), EU와 미국은 2019년 수준 이하(5.3%)에 머물렀습니다.그리고 4.5%), 다양한 변화와 추세를 수치화하여 처음으로 공식 국가 온실가스 재고 보고와 관련된 모델의 추정치를 제공하고, 남은 탄소 예산 을 1.5°C로 제한 할 가능성이 50%인 2022년 1월은 120 GTC(420 GTC2 )로 2021년 배출 수준의 11년임을 보여줍니다.[60] 과학자들은 홀로세 변동성에서 뿌리-대 토양 수분 편차 로 측정된 물 물에 대한 가능성이 있는 행성 경계 를 제안하고 예비적으로 평가합니다.[89] [additional citation(s) needed 하루 전에 발표된 연구는 기후 변화 시나리오를 위해 농업 의 물 부족 을 측정하고 예측하기 위한 지표에 "푸른 물"과 함께 "녹색 물"을 통합했습니다.[90] [91] 4월27일 4월28일 그럴지도 모른다 5월 12일: 궁수자리 A*, 은하수 중심의 블랙홀, 이벤트 지평선 망원경 팀에 의해 밝혀짐 5월 12일: 연구원들은 전 세계적으로 가장 큰 425개의 화석 연료 추출 프로젝트를 확인했으며, 이 중 40%는 아직 추출을 시작하지 않았으며, 이 프로젝트는 기후 변화 완화 를 위협하고 있습니다. 5월 18일과 5월 2일: 두 개의 분리된 연구는 두 개의 쌍우주론 모델이 각각 물리학 또는 우주론 의 특정 한 열린 문제를 설명할 수 있는 방법을 보여줍니다. 5월11일 5월12일 우리은하 중심에 있는 초대질량 블랙홀 인 궁수자리 A* 는 사건지평선망원경팀 에 의해 처음으로 이미지화되었습니다.[152] [153] 연구원들은 달의 토양 이 처음 으로 식물을 기르는 데 사용되었다고 보고했습니다.[154] [155] [156] 연구자들은 전 세계적으로 가장 큰 425개의 화석 연료 추출 프로젝트를 파악하고 있으며, 이 중 2020년 현재 40%가 아직 추출을 시작하지 않은 새로운 프로젝트입니다. 그들은 지금까지 단지 "소수의 행위자"들에 의해서만 작업된 이 "탄소 폭탄"들을 "제거"하는 것이 세계 기후 목표의 기후 변화 완화 를 위해 필요할 것이라고 결론짓습니다.[157] 5월 17일, 별도의 연구에서 "1.5°C 탄소 예산(50 % 확률) 내에 머무르는 것은 화석 연료 의 '개발 매장량'의 거의 40%를 추출하지 않은 채로 남겨두는 것을 의미한다"고 밝혔습니다.[158] 5월 26일, 한 연구는 기후 정책으로 인한 미래 손실 금융 이익을 전 세계적 으로 좌초된 화석 연료 자산 에서 계산했습니다.[159] 5월17일 5월18일 NASA는 인간이 만든 가장 먼 물체인 보이저 1호 우주선이 안테나가 정해진 방향에 머물러 있는 채로 기내에서 일어나고 있는 일을 반영하지 못하는 데이터를 지구로 보내고 있다고 보고했습니다.[169] [170] 6월 17일, NASA는 남은 전력을 사용하여 그들의 작전을 2030년까지 연장할 수 있다는 희망으로 두 대의 보이저 우주선의 전원을 차단할 준비를 하고 있다고 보도되었습니다.[171] 이미 알려진 다른 힘보다 중력이 훨씬 약한 이유를 알아내기 위해 광범위하게 연구된 쌍둥이 세계 모델 우주 모델이 두 세계 사이의 상호작용을 통해 허블 상수(H0 ) 장력 을 어떻게 설명할 수 있는지 한 연구가 보여줍니다. "거울 세상"은 기존의 모든 기본 입자의 복사본을 포함합니다.[172] [173] 5월 2일, 또 다른 쌍둥이/쌍계 또는 "쌍계" 우주론 이 이론적으로 암흑 에너지 와 밀접한 관련이 있는 우주 상수( λ) 문제 를 해결할 수 있는 것으로 나타났습니다. 각각 큰 λ을 가진 두 개의 상호작용하는 세계가 작은 공유 유효 λ을 낳습니다. 이전의 유사한 모델들은 거울 반우주를 사용 하여 중입자 비대칭성을 설명하려고 시도했습니다.[177] [178] [179] 5월 21일: Graphyne 이 처음으로 합성되었습니다. 5월 21일: 세계보건기구, 12개 비유행 국가에서 원숭이두창 발생 확인. 5월21일 5월23일 5월24일 과학자들은 최초로 3D 프린팅된 실험실에서 자란 나무를 보고합니다. (예: 충분한 생산 효율과 품질로) 상업적 규모로 사용될 수 있을지는 불확실합니다.[201] [202] CDC 의 전자 건강 기록 에 근거한 연구는 "18~64세의 COVID-19 생존자 5명 중 1명과 65세의 ≥ 생존자 4명 중 1명이 이전 COVID-19 또는 긴 COVID에 기인할 수 있는 최소한 1건의 사고 상태를 경험했습니다."라고 밝혔습니다.5월 18일, 민간 의료 기관의 주장을 분석한 결과, '장기 코로나' 진단을 받은 환자 78,252명 중 75.8%가 코로나19로 입원하지 않은 것으로 나타났습니다.[205] [206] 5월 25일 – 폭이 0.5 밀리미터에 불과한 세계에서 가장 작은 원격 조정 보행 로봇 이 시연되었습니다. 잠재적인 적용은 막힌 동맥 을 제거하는 것을 포함합니다.[207] [208] 5월 26일 – 기후 변화 연구에 따르면 남반구 의 폭풍은 2080년 에만 발생할 것으로 예상되었던 강도 수준에 이미 도달했습니다.[209] [210] 5월 30일: 프론티어 가 세계 최초 엑사스케일 슈퍼컴퓨터로 확정됨. 6월. 6월 1일: 한 연구 는 건강한 노화를 가능하게 할 수 있는 새로운 노화 이론 인 조혈모세포 의 클론 다양성 손실을 입증합니다. 6월 3일: 전 세계 CO2 수준이 산업화 이전보다 50% 증가하는 대기록을 넘습니다. 6월 24일: 2022년 초 원숭이두창 발생 연구는 "진화 속도가 느린" DNA 바이러스 가 예상했던 것보다 약 6배에서 12배 더 많은 돌연변이를 진화시켰다는 것을 발견했습니다. 6월 24일: NASA는 3월 4일 인간 의 우주 파편 이 의도 치 않게 달 표면에 충돌 한 것으로 추정되는 최초의 우주 파편으로부터 예상치 못한 이중 분화구를 보여주는 이미지를 발표했습니다. 6월8일 6월9일 6월 10일 – 구상성단 NGC 3201 의 중심부에는 거의 백 개의 블랙홀 로 이루어진 하위 성단이 있는 것으로 보입니다. 같은 연구는 구상성단 NGC 6397 이 원래 블랙홀 개체수의 대부분을 방출했으며 내부 질량 과잉은 수백 개의 거대한 백색 왜성 으로 구성되어 있음을 확인했습니다.[253] [254] 6월 13일 – 과학 과 2022년 러시아의 우크라이나 침공 : 학자들의 단체들은 국제 과학계 가 향후 우크라이나 과학의 활성화와 재건을 조직화하는 것을 포함한 행동 계획을 통해 우크라이나를 어떻게 도울 수 있는지 보고하고 있습니다.[255] 같은 날, 한 연구원은 전쟁으로 인해 야기되거나 악화되는 에너지 및 자원 위기를 완화할 수 있는 가능한 여러 가지 주요 정책 기반 조치의 개요를 설명했습니다.[256] 러시아 우주국 로스코스모스 가 독일과 공동으로 발사한 중단된 망원경 eROSITA 를 일방적으로 그리고 위험하게 인수할 의도를 발표했습니다.[257] 과학 저널리스트가 전쟁 (6월 21일)으로 인한 식량 체계 관련 환경 영향 의 일부를 설명합니다.[258] 한 연구는 전쟁의 많은 인도주의적, 경제적, 그리고 재정적인 영향을 보고했습니다.[259] 6월15일 천문학자들은 J1144 를 지난 90억 년 동안 가장 빠르게 성장한 블랙홀 로 보고 있는데, 매 초마다 지구 한 개와 맞먹는 물질을 소비하고 있으며, 그 기간 동안 가장 빛나는 준성형 물체입니다.[260] [261] [262] 연구원들은 Lac-Phe 가 만성 투여를 포함하여 음식 섭취를 줄이고 비만을 억제하는 두 가지 운동 모델에서 가장 중요하게 유도된 순환 대사 물질이라고 보고했습니다.[263] [264] 6월20일 6월 21일 – 중후년에 한 다리로 10초 동안 서 있지 못하는 것은 향후 10년 내에 어떤 원인으로 사망할 위험이 거의 두 배가 된다는 것과 관련이 있습니다.[270] [271] 6월22일 6월23일 6월24일 6월 25일 – 한 연구에 따르면 북극 은 현재 지구 온난화보다 4배나 빠르게 온난화되고 있으며 , 이는 현재의 CMIP6 모델이 예상할 수 있는 것보다 상당히 빠른 속도입니다.[304] [305] 6월27일 6월28일 6월30일 삼성 , 3nm 공정 적용 컴퓨터 칩 첫 양산 발표이 제품들은 게이트 올-어라운드 트랜지스터 아키텍처를 통해 전력 소비를 최대 45% 줄이고 성능을 23% 향상시키며 면적을 5nm 대비 16% 줄였습니다.[317] 연구원들, 보건 단체들 그리고 규제자들이 논의하고 있습니다. 오미크론에 의한 실질적이고 지속적인 면역 회피 속에서 면역 시스템이 다양한 변종 을 인식할 수 있도록 더 잘 준비하기 위해 오리지널 백신 제형과 오미크론 조정 부분(예: 특정 오미크론 하위 변종의 스파이크 단백질 )을 혼합한 코로나19 백신 부스터를 [318] 7월. 7월 1일: 완전 활성 Cas9의 새로운 CRISPR 유전자 편집/ 수리 도구 대안이 보고되었습니다. 7월 12일: 카리나 성운 의 '우주 절벽':현재 완전히 작동 중인 제임스 웹 우주 망원경에서 공개된 첫 번째 이미지 중 하나입니다. 7월1일 7월 4일 – 과학자들은 서유럽 의 폭염 이 "지난 42년간 위도의 나머지 지역에 비해 3~4배 빠르게 증가하고 있다"며 특정한 가 폭염의 증가를 설명할 수 있다고 보고했습니다.[323] [324] 7월 5일 – 대형 강입자 충돌기 가 3차 물리학 시즌을 시작합니다. LHCb 공동 연구는 새로운 종류의 "펜타쿼크 "와 새로운 종류의 "테트라쿼크"를 포함하는 사상 최초의 "테트라쿼크 " 쌍의 세 개의 입자를 관찰합니다.[325] 7월 6일 – 한 연구에 따르면 4번째 코로나19 백신 용량(두 번째 "부스터") 대 3회 투여의 한계 효과는 심각한 질병 결과에 대해 40%(24% ~ 52%)가 될 수 있다고 합니다.[326] [327] 네 번째 용량의 효능과 전반적인 권장 사항에 대한 과학적 합의는 없습니다.[328] 질병통제예방센터 는 지난 3월 "특정 면역력이 손상된 사람들과 50세 이상의 사람들"에게만 이를 권고했습니다.[329] [330] 7월 11일 및 25일: 딥 러닝 시스템은 유아와 유사한 직관적인 기본 물리학과 모든 물리학 을 (가상 3D 환경의) 시각적 데이터 만으로 식별하는 잠재적 변수를 통해 학습합니다.7월 25일: 연구자들이 의을 소개하고 시연합니다. 7월 28일: 인공지능 회사 딥마인드 는 알파폴드 프로그램이 과학에 알려진 거의 모든 단백질의 가능한 구조 를 결정했다고 보고했습니다. 7월18일 3,000명 이상의 전문가들을 대상으로 한 조사는 멸종 위기 가 이전에 생각했던 것보다 더 심각할 수 있다는 것을 발견했고, 약 30%의 종들이 "1500년 이후 전세계적으로 멸종 위기에 처했거나 멸종으로 내몰리고 있다"[364] [365] 첫 번째 "휴면 상태" 블랙홀(높은 수준 의 X선 복사를 방출하지 않음을 의미함)은 은하수 밖에서 확인됩니다. 이 천체는 태양 질량 9개를 가지고 있으며 , 큰 마젤란 구름 내에 있는 VFTS 243이라고 불리는 계에서 희귀한 O형 별 주위를 돌고 있습니다.[366] [367] 2015~2019년 지중해 에서 기후변화 와 관련된 예외적인 해양폭염 이 5년 연속 광범위한 대규모 해양 생물 멸종을 초래했다는 연구 결과가 나왔습니다.[368] [369] 7월 20일 – 과학자들은 SARS-CoV-2가 뇌에 접근 하기 위해 코 세포에서 터널링 나노튜브 를 만든다고 보고했습니다.[370] [371] 7월21일 7월 23일 – 세계보건기구 (WHO)는 전 세계적으로 보고된 원숭이두창 발병 건수가 17,000건을 넘어서면서 최근 발생한 원숭이두창 발병 을 국제 공중보건 비상사태 로 선포했습니다.[379] 7월, 과학자들은 에볼라 전염병을 막을 수 있는 창구가 닫히거나 닫혔다고 보고했습니다.[380] [381] 7월 5일, 무증상 감염이 있을 수 있다는 것을 보여주는 지문 이 있습니다.[382] 7월 27일, 한 기자의 연구 를 분석한 결과 "대부분 원숭이두창 병변의 결과로 발생할 수 있는 통증과 세균 감염으로 인해 입원한 사례가 약 10~15%"로 나타났습니다.[383] 8월에 발표된 연구에 따르면 초기 환자의 소규모 집단 입원이 8%[384] [385] 7월25일 7월 26일 – 과학자들은 배열된 SARS-CoV-2 유전자 중 280만 개를 분석하고 그 결과를 이용하여 바이러스 취약 부분의 '돌연변이 블랙리스트'와 더 전염성을 높일 수 있는 변이의 '화이트리스트'를 작성합니다.[390] [391] 7월 27일 – 쥐를 대상으로 한 실험 후, 범 코로나바이러스 백신 을 향한 진행 상황이 발표되었습니다. SARS-CoV-2 의 스파이크 단백질 의 S2 소단위체를 표적으로 하는 항체는 다수의 코로나바이러스 변종을 무력화하는 것으로 밝혀졌습니다.[392] [393] 7월28일 7월29일 8월 8월 1일: 연구원들은 기후 변화가 전 세계적인 사회 붕괴 나 궁극적인 인류 멸종 을 초래 할 위험성 이 "위험할 정도로 충분히 탐구되지 않은" 세계적 인 주제라고 보고합니다.[410] 8월1일 8월2일 8월 3일 – 과학자들은 2019년에 사망한 지 몇 시간 후에 돼지 뇌를 되살리는 비슷한 방법/시스템을 보고한 후,[428] [429] 돼지 ) 장기를 복구할 수 있는 기관 관류 시스템 을 보고했습니다.[428] [430] 이것은 기증자 의 장기를 보존하거나 의학적 응급 상황에서 부활시키는 데 사용될 수 있습니다.[428] 8월 4일 – 합성 하이드로겔 복합체를 기반으로 한 실험실에서 제작한 연골 겔은 자연 연골보다 강도와 내마모성이 더 큰 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이는 손상된 관절 부위 의 내구성 있는 재표면화를 가능하게 합니다.[431] [432] 8월8일 8월 24일: 수소 전동차 로 운행되는 첫 번째 철도 노선이 독일에서 첫 선을 보입니다.8월 25일: James Webb 우주 망원경은 외계 행성의 대기 중 이산화탄소에 대한 최초의 명확한 증거를 밝혀냈습니다. 8월 11일 – 돼지의 피부로 만들어진 생체공학 각막 이 시각장애인들에게 시력을 회복시켜주는 것을 보여줍니다. 기증받은 사람의 각막이 부족해 2주 이내에 사용해야 하는 것과 달리 최대 2년까지 대량생산해 보관할 수 있습니다.[453] [454] 8월 12일 — 국립 환경 정보 센터 는 를 발표하고 한 달 동안 호주에서 기록적인 추위가 발생했다고 밝혔습니다. 2022년 10월 7일, NOAA GFDL 의 기후 과학자인 잭 라베는 성명을 발표하고 버클리 지구 에서 "2022년 현재까지 기록적인 추위가 발생한 지역은 여전히 없습니다"라고 말하며 역대 최고의 추위가 발생했다는 것을 부인하는 기후 보고서를 발표했습니다.[455] [456] 인스 에 의해 보도된 브라질 의 기록적인 추위를 부인합니다. 공식적인 겨울이 시작되기 한 달 전인 2022년 5월 기상청의 적정 기온도 기록적인 추위가 아니었습니다.[457] 8월 13일 – 로켓 연구소 는 2020년 초에 처음 발표된 자체 자금 지원 계획을 상세히 설명하고 있으며,[458] 2023년 에 금성에 탐사선을 보내 행성의 구름층에서 생명체를 찾기 위해 탐사선을 보낼 예정이며, 다른 과학자들은 과 그 서명 수준의 포스핀 이 검출될 가능성 이 있다고 보고했습니다.[459] [460] ~8월 14일 – 기록적 인 폭염 과 가뭄 이 상수도, 하천(해운 및 원자로 냉각 과 함께), 생태계, 다양한 글로벌 공급망, 건강 및 전 세계 농업에 영향을 미치므로,[461] [462] [463] [464] 유럽 에서는 스페인이 국내적으로 에어컨 을 정해진 온도 범위로 제한하고, [465] 미국에서는 기업이 제공해야 합니다. e는 물 사용량을 줄일 계획 이며,[466] 중국 은 다른 조치들 중에서도 대규모 정전 과[467] 구름 파종 실험을 경험하고 있습니다.[468] 온라인 신문 의 몇몇 기자들 은 기후 변화 적응 의 맥락 에 이러한 극단적인 날씨 현상을 넣었습니다 (기후 변화 완화 의 중요성을 강조하는 것과 함께).[469] [470] [471] 8월 15일 – 핵전쟁 의 식량 영향에 관한 연구가 출판되었습니다. 인도와 파키스탄 사이에 작은 규모의 분쟁이 발생해도 전 세계 평균 열량 생산량이 7% 감소하고, 미국과 러시아의 전면적인 핵 분쟁은 90%의 손실을 초래해 전 세계적으로 50억 명 이상의 사망자를 내는 것으로 나타났습니다.[472] [473] 8월 29일: 과학자들은 생물학적으로 불멸 인 T. dohrnii 해파리 의 새롭게 제시된 게놈의 비교 에서 그들이 발견한 회춘 의 주요 분자 메커니즘 을 보고합니다. 8월18일 8월 20일 – AGBD 체계적 분석 은 2010-19년 동안 암 과 그 원인에 대한 비(非)진행 상황 을 보고하며, 흡연 , 알코올 사용 및 높은 BMI 를 중심으로 한 명백 하게 예방 가능 한 위험 요인(기여) 으로 인해 2019년 전체 암 사망자의 ~44% 또는 ~450만 명의 사망자 또는 ~1억 500만 명의 손실된 DALY 가 발생했습니다.[494] [495] 8월22일 8월23일 8월24일 8월25일 8월 26일 – 연구원들은 태양광 스펙트럼의 일부에서 전기를 생산하여 실내 식물이 사용 하는 스펙트럼을 통과시키는 스타트업이 온실 (또는 태양광 모듈 )을 개발했다고 보고했습니다.[518] 8월29일 8월31일 과학자들은 2021년 연구의 후속 논문 에서 나무 종의 3분의 1이 멸종 위협을 받고 있으며, 이것이 세계의 생태계 를 어떻게 크게 변화시킬지를 보여주고, 수십억 개에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, "긴급한 조치"로 막을 수 있다고 경고했습니다.[526] [527] 8월 1일, 연구에 따르면 60년(1960~2019년) 동안 "세계 산림 면적이 8,170만 ha 감소 했다"며 고소득 국가들이 열대우림 관련 제품의 수입 을 줄이고 이론적으로 산림 관련 사회 경제 개발 및 국제 정책에 도움을 줄 필요가 있다고 결론 내렸습니다.[528] [529] 뉴스 매체들은 인공지능 예술 이 디지털 예술 대회에서 1위를 차지 했다고 보도합니다.[530] 이러한 아티스틱 이미지는 텍스트 및 때로는 이미지로 구성된 입력을 사용하여 생성되며, 일반적으로 아티스틱 스타일 (텍스트-투-이미지 생성)과 같은 매개 변수를 포함합니다. 그 즈음, 한 전문가는 "AI 예술은 지금 어디에나 있다"고 결론을 내립니다. 전문가들조차 그것이 무엇을 의미할지 모르는 가운데, 한 언론 매체는 "AI가 만든 예술 붐"을 확립하고 전문 예술가들의 저작권과 자동화 문제를 보도합니다.[531] 커뮤니티 (예: 그들의 규칙)가 어떻게 많은 사람들과 직면했는지 조사합니다. 한 매체는 이러한 예술작품들이 반응하고 있으며 ,[532] [533] 예술적 표현"을 가능하게 할 수 있는 가능성을 강조하고 있으며,[534] [535] [additional citation(s) needed 또한 관련 단어/s(2 Aug)[536] 개념 (예: 객체 또는 스타일)을 사용할 수 있게 하거나 동일한 스타일(31 Aug)[537] 8월 22일,[538] [539] Stable Diffusion 은 무료 오픈 소스 소프트웨어 로 출시됩니다.[539] [540] 9월. 9월 15일: 연구자들은 선별된 면역체계 T 세포 의 노화를 막거나 늦출 수 있는 방법을 설명합니다. 9월 20일: 천문학자들은 후보 네 번째 성간 천체인 CNEOS 2017-03-09 의 발견을 사전 인쇄물 에서 보고했습니다. 9월 26일: NASA의 DART 가 행성 방어 를 위한 첫 번째 테스트에서 소행성 디모르포스 와 충돌합니다. 10월 10월 1일: 거대 충돌 가설 에 대한 새롭고 더 상세한 시뮬레이션은 달 이 단 몇 시간 만에 형성되었음을 암시합니다. 10월 5일: 미토콘드리아 DNA의 세포핵 내 DNA로의 지속적인 전이 가 보고되었습니다.10월 5일: 연구원들은 미래 의 건강하고 지속 가능한 식품 시스템 개발을 위한 해조류 기반 양식 의 큰 잠재력과 이점에 대해 설명합니다. 10월 18일: 2000년 이후 서면 대중 뉴스 매체 전반의 헤드라인 에서 정서적 부정성이 크게 증가하고 정서적 중립성이 감소한 것으로 보고되었습니다. 11월 11월 4일: 태양과 같은 별과 지구에서 가장 가까운 것으로 알려진 블랙홀을 포함하는 가이아 BH1 시스템에 대한 아티스트의 인상. 11월 15일: 정자 수 가 62% 감소 한 것은 1970년대 초부터 발생한 것으로 밝혀졌습니다.11월 23일: 한 연구 보고서에 따르면 전 세계적으로 마법 에 대한 믿음 과 동시대의 유행을 추정했으며, 이는 국가 간에 9%에서 90% 사이의 차이가 있으며 여전히 전 세계 세계관 에서 널리 사용되는 요소입니다.[769] 11월 18일 – 연구원들은 많은 학문 분야에서 엘리트 대학 에 의한 더 큰 과학적 생산성 또는 성공 은 가용한 노동자 집단에 의해 설명될 수 있다고 이론을 세웠습니다.[770] [771] 한 논평에 따르면 학술 순위는 해당 연구원들이 어디에서 (국가 및 기관에서) 훈련을 받았는지 (12월 1일) 고려하지 않는다고 합니다.[772] 11월 19일 – 연구원들은 잠 에서 깬 후의 경계심 의 결정 요인을 보고합니다.[773] [774] 11월21일 11월22일 11월23일 11월24일 11월29일 11월30일 해수 로부터 탈염 전 공정을 필요로 하지 않고도 생산 가능한 수소를 생산하기 위한 전기 분해 시스템이 보고되어 있고, 이는 해수를 덜 유연하고 더 비싸게 만들 수 있습니다.[810] [811] 성인 쥐의 단백질 이미지를 이용한 연구는 성인 뇌가 신경 가소성 과 유연한 학습 또는 기억 의 일부로 모집될 때 까지 활동하지 않는 많은 (전체 수지상 돌기의 약 30%) 조용한 시냅스 를 포함 하고 있다고 시사합니다. 이전에는 주로 adult 전 단계의 뇌에 존재하고 시간이 지남에 따라 죽는 것으로 여겨졌습니다. 과학자들은 SYK "아기" 물리적 모델에서 일종의 이론적 웜홀 을 관찰할 수 있는 양자 실험을 개발합니다. 이 실험은 양자 중력 이론의 발전에 잠재적으로 유용하다고 생각하는, 전부는 아니지만 일부 사람들이 생각하는 것입니다.[814] [815] [816] 디셈버 12월 13일: 핵융합 전력의 순 에너지 증가는 국립 점화 시설에서 보고됩니다. 12월1일 12월 4일 – 화학 엔지니어가 전기 분해 중 음파를 사용하여 변환 효율을 크게 높이고 녹색 수소 생산 의 재료 비용을 줄이는 방법을 보고했습니다.[825] [826] 12월5일 12월 14일: WHO 연구는 2020년과 2021년 동안 COVID-19 대유행 으로 인한 초과 사망자를 종합적으로 추정하여 ~1480만 명의 초과 조기 사망자가 발생했습니다[834] 12월6일 12월7일 12월8일 12월9일 12월 12일 – 과학자들은 오염된 물에 수소를 주입한 후 고에너지 단파장 자외선으로 분출함으로써 소위 "영원한 화학물질 "을 분해하는 새로운 방법을 설명합니다.[866] [867] 12월13일 12월14일 WHO 연구는 2020년과 2021년 동안 COVID-19 대유행 으로 인한 초과 사망자를 종합적으로 추정하여 ~1480만 명의 초과 조기 사망자가 발생했으며, 5월부터의 사전 계산을 재확인하고 이를 업데이트하여 비판을 해결했습니다.이 수치는 잠재적인 사망자 수 를 포함하지 않으며, 공식적으로 보고된 사망자 542만 명을 훨씬 초과하고, 2021년 COVID-19의 주요 사망 원인이 될 수 있으며, 다른 연구에서 추정한 ~1800만 명과 유사합니다(3월 10일 참조). [876] [877] [834] 마이크로바이옴 연구:첫 번째 글로벌 리뷰 는 이전 연구에서 건강 및 친환경 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 제시한 대체로 감소할 가능성이 높은 "자연 경험"과 자연 단절에 대한 부족 한 데이터를 요약합니다.[884] [885] 한 대학에서 10월 25일에 발표한 "UID 밀수"라는 새로운 개인정보 침해 웹 추적 기술의 첫 번째 연구 결과에 따르면, 이 기술이 널리 퍼져 있으며 파이어폭스 의 추적 보호 및 uBlock Origin 과 같은 최신 보호 도구에 의해 크게 완화되지 않는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이에 대한 대책에 기여하고 있습니다.[886] 12월15일 12월 19일 – 독일의 과학자들이 햇빛의 32.5%를 전기 에너지로 변환하여 실리콘 페로브스카이트 탠덤 태양 전지 의 세계 기록적인 태양 전지 효율 을 달성했습니다.[901] 12월 20일 – OpenAI 는 텍스트 프롬프트(텍스트에서 3D 로)에서 3D 모델을 생성 할 수 있는 머신 러닝 시스템인 Point-E를 출시합니다.[902] [903] [904] [905] [906] [904] 12월22일 12월 26일 – 생체 및 전기 기술자들이 쥐에게 이식 된 인간 대뇌 오르가노이드 가 시각 피질과 기능적으로 통합된다는 것을 처음으로 증명했습니다. (8월 21일 과 10월 12일 참조) [910] [911] 12월 27일 – 과학자들은 단세포 원생동물 인 할테리아 바이러스 전용 식단 "을 위한 최초의 알려진 유기체라고 보고했습니다. 생리학적 성장과 심지어 인구 증가를 부채질하기에 충분합니다.[912] [913] 시상식 데스 1월 18일 – 영국 통계학자 데이비드 콕스 경 (1924년생 )[915] 3월 15일 – 미국의 태양과 플라즈마 물리학자 유진 파커 (b. 1927 ) 3월 20일 – 중국 해양학자이자 중국과학원 회원인 웬성창 (Wen Sungchang ) (b. 1921 ) 3월 23일 – 미국의 유전학자 아서 릭스 (1939년생 ) 3월 27일 – 미국 물리학자 마틴 포프 (b. 1918 ) 3월 27일 – 미국의 인구통계학자 이자 노화연구가 인 James Vaupel (b. 1945 ) 3월 29일 – 미국 양자 컴퓨팅 물리학자 폴 베니오프 (b. 1930 ) 3월 30일 – 영국의 수학자이자 유변학자 케네스 월터스 (b. 1934 ) 4월 1일 – 게르하르트 J. 오스트리아의 수학자, 뷔징거 .[916] 4월 5일 – 캐나다계 미국인 분자생물학자 시드니 올트먼 , 노벨상 수상자 (1989).[917] 4월 5일 – 아이슬란드 태생의 캐나다 우주비행사 비아르니 트리그바손 (STS-85 ).[918] 4월 5일 - 네덜란드의 컴퓨터 과학자 엘코 비저 .[919] 4월 5일 – 뉴질랜드 경제학자 레슬리 영.[920] 5월 1일 – 영국의 화학자 레이 프리먼 .[921] 5월 1일 – 도미니크 르쿠르 , 프랑스 철학자.[922] 5월 2일 – 이스라엘 철학자 요제프 라즈 .[923] 5월 4일 – 캐나다 고고학자 아만다 클라리지 .[924] 5월 7일 – 영국 고고학자 폴 멜라스 경.[925] 5월 8일 – 미국의 항공 우주 공학자 해리 돈브랜드 .[926] 5월 8일 - 좡차오성 , 중국 유전학자이자 밀 재배자, 중국과학원 회원.[927] 5월 9일 – 호주의 수학자, 존 H. 코츠 .[928] 5월 14일 – 프랑스 물리학자이자 공무원, ITER 사무국장 Bernard Bigot (b. 1950)[929] 6월 9일 – 고든 M. 셰퍼드 , 미국의 신경과학자.[930] 7월 26일 – 영국의 환경주의자 (가이아 가설 )이자 미래학자 (b. 1919 )[931] 제임스 러브록 8월 25일 - 오스트리아 태생의 미국 물리학자 커트 고트프리드 .[932] 9월 2일 – 미국 천문학자이자 천체 물리학자 (드레이크 방정식 ), 아레시보 메시지 설계자 (b. 1930)[933] 12월 9일 – Ademar José Gevaerd , 브라질의 늑대학자 (b. 1962) 참고 항목
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