2018년 과학사건 개요
2018년에 많은 중요한 과학 사건들이 일어났다.
이벤트 1월 1월 1일 – 하버드 대학 의 연구진은 Nature 나노테크놀로지에 기고 한 결과, 이전에는 여러 개의 [3] [4] 렌즈로만 가능했던 무지개의 모든 색을 같은 점과 고해상도로 초점을 맞출 수 있는 최초의 단일 렌즈를 보고했습니다. 1월 2일 – 코넬 대학의 물리학자들 은 모양을 바꾸는 세포 크기의 [5] [6] 로봇에 "근육"이 만들어졌다고 보고합니다. 1월 3일 1월 4일 – MIT 연구진, 보다 견고하고 탄력적 인 나노 [11] [12] 파이버를 만들기 위한 새로운 방법을 고안. 1월 5일 – 연구자들은 화성 에서 큐리오시티 탐사선 이 촬영한 이미지 (이미지-1 포함)를 보고합니다. 이 이미지들이 생물학적 인지 [1] [2] 지질학적 인지 더 잘 판단하기 위해 추가 연구가 필요할 수 있습니다. 나중에, 한 우주생물학자가 큐리오시티 [13] [14] 탐사선 이 찍은 다른 이미지(이미지-2 )를 근거로 비슷한 주장을 했다. 1월 8일 – 미국 국립해양대기청 (NOAA)은 2017년이 [15] [16] 미국 기후 및 날씨 관련 재난으로 기록된 가장 비용이 많이 든 해라고 보고한다. 1월 9일 외행성 의 패턴은 몽트레알 대학(University de Montréal )이 이끄는 다국적 연구팀에 의해 발견되었다. 같은 별 주위를 도는 행성들은 비슷한 크기와 일정한 간격을 갖는 경향이 있다.이것은 대부분의 행성계가 태양계 와 [17] 다르게 형성된다는 것을 의미할 수 있다. 하이파티아 돌의 분석은 그것이 행성과 알려진 소행성들과 다른 기원을 가지고 있다는 것을 보여준다.그것의 일부는 [18] 태양계보다 오래되었을 수 있다. 스탠포드 대학 의 연구자들에 의한 새로운 연구는 CRISPR로 알려진 유전자 공학 방법이 인간 에게 면역 반응을 유발하여 잠재적으로 그들에게 [19] [20] 효과가 없게 만들 수도 있다는 것을 보여준다. 1월 9일: CRISPR의 잠재적인 큰 차질이 보고되었습니다.그것은 많은 사람에게 면역 반응을 일으키는 것으로 보여지기 때문입니다. 1월 10일 – 임페리얼 칼리지 런던과 킹스 칼리지 런던 연구진 은 [21] [22] 폐와 같은 연조직 기관을 보다 정확하게 인쇄할 수 있는 새로운 3D 바이오프린팅 기술의 개발에 관한 논문을 Scientific Reports 저널 에 실었습니다. 1월 11일 1월 15일 마이크로소프트 와 알리바바가 개발 한 인공지능 프로그램은 스탠포드 대학의 읽기 및 이해 테스트에서 [26] [27] [28] 사람보다 더 나은 평균 성능을 달성한다. 워싱턴 대학 의 과학자들은 치료용 약물을 위한 새로운 형태 의 생체 물질 기반 전달 시스템의 개발에 대한 보고서를 네이처 케미스트리에 실었습니다. 이 시스템은 특정 생리 조건 하에서만 화물을 방출함으로써 [29] 환자의 약물 부작용을 잠재적으로 줄여줍니다. 미국 국립 의학 도서관 사람에게 행한 임상 연구에서 다발성 골수증, 육종과 흑색종 암과 환자의 T세포 수정하는 세포들은 더 효율적으로 암은 미국에서 그들의 친절한 시련의 첫번째와 싸울 수 있도록 CRISPR 기술의 사용을 포함할 것 대학 펜실베니아 announces.[30][31일] 1월 17일 – 텍사스 오스틴 대학 의 엔지니어들이 북경 대학 의 과학자들과 협력 하여 한 원자층 두께의 메모리 저장 장치, 이른바 '아톰리스터'[32] 를 개발했다고 발표했습니다. 1월 18일 NASA와 NOAA는 2017년이 엘니뇨가 없는 전 세계적으로 가장 더운 해이며,[35] [36] 전체적으로 가장 더운 해 3위 안에 들었다고 보고한다. 연구자들은 8개의 일반적인 암 종양을 조기에 발견할 수 있는 혈액 검사 (또는 액체 생체검사)를 개발했다고 보고했습니다. 암 관련 DNA와 혈액 에서 발견된 단백질을 기반으로 한 이 새로운 테스트는 1005명의 [37] [38] 환자를 대상으로 연구한 종양 유형에서 70%의 양성 반응을 보였다. 상어 는 Southampton 대학이 주도하고 Nature Ecology and [39] Evolution 저널 에 발표된 상어 조직의 안정적 인 동위원소에 대한 세계적 규모의 연구에서 입증되었듯이, 특징적인 방법으로 전 세계의 바다를 이동하고 먹이를 먹는 것으로 보여진다. 미국 국립과학재단 (NSF)이 발간한 새로운 보고서에 따르면, 미국은 현재 중국으로부터 과학 분야의 경쟁이 치열해지고 있으며, 중국은 연간 과학 논문을 더 많이 발행하고 있지만, 미국은 여전히 연구개발 (R&D )과 벤처 캐피털(VC)[40] [41] 분야 에서 앞서고 있다. 글래드스톤 연구소의 의학 연구원들은 CRISPR을 [42] [43] 이용하여 피부 세포를 줄기세포로 바꾸는 방법을 발견한다. 1월 19일 - 뮌헨 공과대학 연구진은 분자 기계의 새로운 추진 방법을 보고했습니다.이 방법을 통해 분자 기계는 지금까지의 [44] 생화학적 과정보다 10만 배 빠르게 움직일 수 있습니다. 1월 22일 1월 24일 – 중국 과학자들은 복제양 돌리 를 만든 복잡한 DNA 전달 방법 을 사용하여 종중과 화화 라는 이름 의 두 마리 의 원숭이 클론을 처음으로 [33] [34] [50] [51] Cell 저널에 보고했습니다. 1월 25일 1월 29일 – 과학자들은 처음으로, 주로 해양에서 유래 한 8억 개 의 바이러스가 지구 대기에서 지구 표면의 모든 평방미터에 매일 퇴적되고 있다고 보고한다. 이는 기상 시스템 상공을 순환하는 바이러스의 전 지구 대기 흐름의 결과로, 그러나 통상적인 항공사 여행의 고도보다 낮기 때문이다. 바이러스를 퍼뜨리고 있습니다.[57] [58] 2월 3월 3월 8일 – 과학자들은 지구상에서 최초로 천연 얼음 VII가 발견되었다고 보고한다. 이전에는 인공적으로만 생성되었다. 그것은 아마도 엔셀라두스 , 유로파 ,[88] [89] 타이탄에서 흔할 것이다. 3월 9일 - NASA 의학 연구진은 한 우주인 쌍둥이 스콧 켈리가 거의 1년을 우주에서 보낸 반면 다른 쌍둥이 마크 켈리는 [90] [91] [92] 지구에 머물렀던 쌍둥이 연구에 근거해 인간 의 우주 비행이 우주인 의 유전자 발현을 바꿀 수 있다고 보고 한다. 3월 13일 – 과학자들은 선사시대 깃털 공룡인 시조류 공룡이 날 수 있을 것 같지만 현생 [93] [94] 조류와는 상당히 다른 방식으로 날 수 있었다고 보고한다. 3월 15일 3월 19일 – 우버는 애리조나에서 한 여성이 차량에 치여 사망한 후 전 세계에서 모든 자가용 차량을 정지합니다.이것은 완전히 자동화된 [101] 기술을 사용한 최초의 사망 기록이다. 3월 22일 – 하버드 의과대학 과학자들은 생쥐의 혈관 노화와 근육 감소의 주요 메커니즘을 알아냈다. 그들의 연구는 동물들에게 NMN이라고 불리는 화합물을 치료하면 혈관 성장을 촉진하고 세포 사멸을 감소시켜 체력과 [102] 지구력을 향상시킨다는 것을 보여준다. 3월 26일 지구물리학 연구 편지의 한 연구는 서그린란드의 빙상이 [103] 수세기 만에 가장 빠른 속도로 녹고 있다고 결론지었다. 세계 최초로 음경과 음낭 을 완전히 이식하는 수술은 메릴랜드 주 볼티모어에 있는 존스 홉킨스 대학 의 외과의사들이 아프가니스탄에서 [104] 부상당한 군인을 수술하는 수술이다. 4월 4월 10일: 미나미토리시마(사진) 섬 부근에서 수세기에 걸친 희토류 금속이 보고되고 있다. 4월 2일 4월 5일 – 오딜로르하빈스 (Odilorhabdins)는 자연발생 항생제 의 새로운 등급으로 공식적으로 [109] 기술된다. 4월 10일 - 일본 연구자들은 태평양 [110] [111] [112] 북서부 미나미토리시마 부근 에 위치한 심해 진흙에서 수세기 분량의 희토류 금속을 발견했다고 보고한다. 4월 11일 네이처에 [113] [114] 발표 된 두 가지 연구에 따르면 따뜻한 대서양 만류가 최소 1,600년 [115] 동안 가장 약한 것으로 나타났다. 4월 17일 – MIT 엔지니어들이 긴 조각 [116] [117] 그래핀을 만드는 보다 효율적인 새로운 방법을 개발합니다. 4월 18일 그럴지도 모른다 5월 17일 - 과학자들은 금지된 CFC-11 가스 방출이 동아시아 어딘가에서 미지의 원천에서 발생하며 오존층 을 [157] 손상시킬 가능성이 있다고 경고한다. 5월 22일 5월 23일 – 고생물학자들은 북미에 [164] [165] 1억 3천만 년 전에 살았던 거대한 공룡의 화석화된 발 밑에서 시펠리오돈 와카무슈 라고 불리는 새로운 종의 하라미이 다(유모폼 신룡 의 혈통)의 두개골을 발견했다고 보고했습니다. 5월 24일 5월 30일 6월. 6월 20일: 유전자 편집 돼지는 세계에서 가장 비용이 많이 드는 동물 [198] 질병 중 하나 인 돼지 생식 및 호흡기 증후군에 내성을 갖게 된다. 7월. 7월 2일 7월 10일 – 미시간 대학의 연구진은 대기 중2 CO가 증가하면 왕나비 를 [222] 질병으로부터 보호 하는 밀크위드 식물의 약효가 감소한다는 것을 보여준다. 7월 11일 – 과학자들은 중국 에서 212만년 [223] 된 것으로 추정되는 아프리카 이외의 가장 오래된 석기 가 발견되었다고 보고한다. 7월 12일 아이스큐브 중성미자 관측소 는 2017년 9월 남극에 위치한 연구소에 충돌한 중성미자 를 37억 광년 떨어진 블라자르 에서 원점까지 추적했다고 발표했다.우주에서 물체 를 찾기 [224] [225] [226] 위해 중성미자 검출기가 사용된 것은 이번이 처음이다. NASA의 허블과 ESA의 가이아를 사용하여 천문학자들은 지금까지 우주의 팽창률을 가장 정확하게 측정했는데, 이는 메가파초 당 73.5km(45.6마일)의 수치로 불확실성을 2.2%[227] 로 줄였다. 7월 16일 – 위스콘신 매디슨 대학의 연구에 따르면 15년 [228] 이내에 해수면 상승 으로 인해 수천 마일의 매몰 된 인터넷 인프라가 손상되거나 파괴될 수 있다고 합니다. 7월 17일 - Scott S가 이끄는 과학자. 셰퍼드 는 목성의 12개의 새로운 위성 이 발견되었다고 보고했고, 그 수는 79개로 늘어났다.여기에는 발렛도(원래 S/2016 J 2로 알려졌던 로마 숫자 명칭 주피터 LXII )가 포함되며,[229] [230] 결국 이웃 달과 충돌할 것으로 예측된다. 7월 19일 – 완전한 초파리 커넥텀 이 7,000개의 뇌 슬라이스와 2,100만 [231] 개의 이미지에 두 개의 고속 전자 현미경을 사용하여 처음으로 나노 해상도로 매핑되었습니다. ~20일 23일 Nature Climate Change에 실린 한 연구에 따르면 미국과 멕시코에서 자살로 인한 사망자 수는 월평균 기온이 상승할 때마다 0.7~2.1% 증가했다고 한다.2050년까지, 이것은 21,000명의 [234] 자살로 이어질 수 있다. 앨버타 대학 의 과학자들은 단일 수소 원자를 빠르게 제거하거나 교체하는 새로운 기술을 발표했는데, 이것은 고체 기억 [235] [236] 밀도를 수천 배 높일 수 있다고 합니다. 8일 8월 : 8월 16일 : 의 첫 번째 .밀 게놈의 완전한 지도입니다. (16일) 과학자들은 중수소 가 액체 금속 형태로 바뀌는 것을 발표했다. 목성, 토성, 그리고 이와 관련 된 외계 행성들은 관측 된 강력 한 [267] [268] 자기장 의 원인이 될 수 있는 많은 액체 금속 수소를 포함하고 있는 것으로 생각되기 때문에, 이것은 연구자들이 목성 , 토성과 같은 거대 가스 행성들을 더 잘 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 밀 의 게놈 은 13년간의 노력 [269] 끝에 완전한 염기서열이 완성되었다. Sandia National Laboratory의 과학자들은 세계에서 가장 내마모성이 강한 금속으로 여겨지는 백금 합금을 발표했는데, 이는 [270] 고강도 강철보다 100배나 더 내구성이 뛰어난 것입니다. 8월 18일 - 보스턴에서 열린 골드슈미트 회의에서 발표된 연구는 물이 지구의 2배에서 4배 크기 사이의 외계행성 의 공통적인 특징일 가능성이 있으며, 이는 우리 [271] 은하의 생명체 탐사에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 결론을 내렸습니다. ~ 20일 과학자들은 유전자와 화석 증거에 기초 한 생명체가 지구상에서 이전 에 [272] [273] 생각했던 것보다 훨씬 이른 45억 년 전에 시작되었을 수도 있다고 보고 한다. 연구진은 오로라가 아닌 보라색, 녹색 빛의 리본으로 하늘 에서 나타나는 대기 광학 현상인 STEVE(강력 열 방출 속도 향상)의 하늘빛 은 입자 강수(전자 또는 이온)와 관련이 없으며 그 결과 [274] 전리층에서 생성될 수 있다고 보고하고 있다. 8월 21일 – 과학자들은 달 표면에 노출된 얼음 에 대한 최초의 직접적인 증거를 발표한다. 달 표면은 영구히 그늘진 [275] 지역에서 발견된다. ~ 22일 과학자들은 데니소바 동굴에서 발견 된 뼛조각의 유전자 분석을 바탕으로 9만년 전에 살았던 것으로 추정되는 데니라는 별명 이 붙은 13세 여성 호미닌의 증거를 보고하고 있다. 이 여성은 네안데르탈인과 데니소반으로 판명 되었다. 단체[276] [277] [278] 연구자들은 지구의 북극 이 남극 이 되는 지자기 역전 의 빠른 변화 (지질학적 시각으로 볼 때)의 증거를 보고하고 있으며,[279] 그 반대는 200년 동안만 지속된 크로노존 을 포함하여 이전에 발견된 어떤 역전도보다 훨씬 짧았다. 8월 28일 – 물리학자들은 힉스 입자 가 한 쌍의 바닥 쿼크로 붕괴하는 것을 처음으로 공식적으로 보고한다. 힉스 입자는 주로 보손의 "[280] 자연적 폭"(입자가 관측되는 질량의 범위)에 관여하는 상호작용이다. 8월 30일 – 홍콩 중문대학 연구진은 최소 침습 [281] [282] 수술에서 복잡한 작업을 하기 위해 군집 행동을 사용 하는 나노봇 을 제어하는 새로운 방법을 보고했습니다. 9일 9월 3일: 토성 북극의 헥사곤(2013년과 2017년)은 320km/h(200mph)와 300km([283] [284] 190mi)의 속도로 이동하는 대기 가스 분출 일 수 있다. 9월 3일 – 천문학자들은 토성 북극의 32,000km(20,000mi) 폭 의 육각형(아마도 320km/h(200mph)로 이동하는 대기 가스의 제트 흐름은 300km(190mi) 높이일 수 있으며, 적어도 대류권보다는 성층권 으로 진입할 수 있다는 증거를 제시한다. ht 아까.[283] [284] 9월 6일 – 일리노이 대학교 어바나-샴페인 연구에 따르면 사하라 사막 의 대규모 태양 전지판과 풍력 터빈이 강우, 식생 및 온도에 큰 영향을 미쳐 잠재적으로 이 [285] [286] 지역을 녹화하고 있다. 9일 ~7일) 국립지질정보국 ([287] National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Agency)의 연구원들은 "남극 대륙 의 기준 고도 모델"이라고 불리는 남극 의 고해상도 지형도를 발표한다. 일본과 미국의 과학자들이 포보스 표면의 "우주 풍화"가 포보스의 이심 궤도와 맞물려 표면을 적색과 청색 [288] 단위로 알려진 두 개의 뚜렷한 지질학적 단위로 나누게 만들었다는 결론을 내린 연구 논문을 발표했다. 9월 9일 – 천문학자들은 이전에 놓쳤던 FRB 121102 에서 인공지능을 사용 하여 72개의 고속 전파 폭발(FRBs)을 추가로 검출하여 이 물체에서 약 300개의 FRB가 발생했다고 보고한다. FRB 121102는 현재 알려진 다른 모든 FRB(매우 강력하고 매우 짧은 천체)가 [289] [290] [291] 한 번만 반복되는 것으로 확인되지 않았기 때문에 매우 이례적인 반복 고속 전파원이다. 9월 16일: 의학 연구: 건강한 노인들이 저용량 아스피린을 사용하는 것은 이롭지 않을 수도 있고, 어떤 경우에는 [292] [293] 해로울 수도 있다. 9일 10시 나사는 카시니호의 [294] 토성에서의 그랜드 피날레 를 발표하여 에미상 최우수 인터랙티브 프로그램상을 수상 했습니다. 매사추세츠공과대학(MIT)은 로봇이 물체를 [295] 육안으로 검사한 후 어떤 물체라도 집어들 수 있는 새로운 시스템인 "밀도 객체 네트"를 발표한다. 국제 연구팀은 [296] 더 이상 의 문제 를 일으키지 않고 토카막 혈장의 가장자리 국부화 모드 (ELM)를 제어하기 위한 유익한 3D 왜곡 세트를 예측합니다. 9월 12일 – 과학자들은 호모 사피엔스에 의해 [297] 이전에 발견된 가장 오래된 현생 인류 그림으로 알려진 43,000년 된 유물보다 훨씬 이른 7만3,000년 된 것으로 추정되는 가장 오래된 그림이 발견되었다고 보고한다. 9월 15일 - NASA, ICESat-2 발사 - 지금까지 [298] 가장 기술적으로 진보한 얼음 감시 우주선. (16일) 천문학자들은 뜨거운 은하간 매질(WIM)이 우주에서 [299] 사라진 물질(암흑 물질이 아닌 )이 숨어 있었을지도 모른다는 결론을 내렸다고 보고한다. 의학 연구자들은 5년에 걸쳐 실시된 19,114명의 사람 연구에 따르면 건강한 노인들이 저용량 아스피린을 사용하는 것은 유익하지 않을 수도 있고, 어떤 경우에는 [292] [293] 해로울 수도 있다고 결론지었다. 9월 17일 - NASA는 케플러 [300] [301] [302] 임무 의 400배에 달하는 지역에서 외계행성을 탐색 하기 위해 설계된 우주 망원경 인 TESS에 의해 2018년 8월 7일에 촬영된 최초 의 빛 이미지(이미지 참조) 를 공개한다. ~ 20일 신시내티 아동병원 의료센터 연구진은 완전히 만능 줄기세포로 [304] 성장한 최초의 인간 식도 조직 을 보고했습니다. 연구진이 인간의 골격 줄기세포를 처음으로 [305] 규명했다. 과학자들은 5억5천800만년 [306] 전에 지구에 살았던 지질학 기록상 가장 오래된 것으로 확인된 동물을 밝히기 위해 고대 화석에서 지방 분자를 발견한다. 유럽지질학연합(European Geosciences Union)의 크라이오스피어 저널에 실린 논문 에 따르면 해저에 벽을 쌓는 것은 [307] 해수 온도가 따뜻해지면서 녹고 있는 해저 빙하의 미끄러짐을 막을 수 있다고 한다. 유럽우주국의 X-선 관측소 XMM-뉴턴 의 자료를 사용하여 천문학자들은 수십억 광년 떨어진 은하 PG211+143의 [308] 중심에 위치한 광속 의 30퍼센트로 블랙홀 에 떨어지는 물질을 처음으로 발견했다고 보고했습니다. 9월 21일 - 일본의 하야부사 2호는 대형 소행성 류구 [309] 표면에 착륙선 2척을 배치한다. ~24일 10일 † ~ 10월 10일 ~ 11일 10월 15일 - 렌셀라 폴리테크닉 인스티튜트의 연구에 따르면 푸에르토리코의 곤충 개체수는 1970년대 이후 감소했으며 일부 종은 개체수가 60배 감소했다고 한다. 열대 우림의 온도가 2.[353] 0°C 상승했기 때문이다. ~ 16일 11일 11일 1시 11일 ~2 일 두 개의 독립적인 천문학자 팀은 전 세계 다른 천문학자들의 수많은 관측을 바탕으로 2018년 6월 16일 발견된 일반 초신성 보다 10배에서 100배 밝은 매우 강력한 천문 폭발인 AT2018cow 이벤트(SN 2018cow, SN 2018cow, "The Cow"로도 알려져 있음)가 "새로운 것이거나 둘 중 하나"라고 결론지었다. 물질이 축적 되는 과정에서 블랙홀을 형성하거나 중성자별 의 [387] [388] [389] [390] 광적인 회전으로 블랙홀을 형성 했다. 세계에서 가장 큰 신경형 슈퍼 컴퓨터인 백만 코어 'SpiNNaker' 기계가 [391] 영국 맨체스터 대학에 의해 켜졌다. 11월 5일: 극지방의 오존 구멍은 이전 에 생각했던 것보다 더 빨리 치유되고 있으며, [392] [393] 2060년에는 완전히 치유될 것으로 예상된다. 11월 19일: NASA는 2021년 [408] 2월에 화성에 착륙하는 화성 2020 탐사선 임무의 착륙 장소로 제로 크레이터를 선택한다. 16일 11월 19일 - NASA 는 2020년 7월 17일에 발사되어 2021년 [408] [417] [418] [419] 2월 18일에 화성에 착륙할 화성 2020 탐사선의 착륙 장소로 화성의 제로 크레이터를 선택한다. ~ 20일 천문학자들은 새로운 강력한 방법인 NIRSpec in Adaptive Optics (NIRSPAO) 모드를 사용하여 [420] [421] 외계행성 의 생체 시그니처를 찾는다고 보고했습니다. 세계기상기구 (WMO)는 최신 온실가스 속보를 발간해 이산화탄소(CO) 농도가2 2016년 403.3ppm, 2015년 400.1ppm에서 2017년 405.5ppm에 이를 정도로 고농도의 고온 온실가스를 보여주고 있다.WMO는 "장기적인 기후변화, 해수면 상승, 해양 산성화, 극단적인 날씨를 [422] [423] 초래하는 이러한 추세에 반전의 징후는 없다"고 보고했습니다. ~ 22일 만성 신장 질환에 걸리기 쉬운 35개의 유전자가 맨체스터 [424] 대학의 과학자들에 의해 발견되었다. Environmental Research Letters에 게재된 연구 는 지구 온난화를 억제 하기 위한 성층권 에어로졸 주입이 "기술적으로" 가능하며 처음 15년 [425] [426] 동안 연간 25억 달러에서 "매우 저렴"할 것이라고 결론지었다. 12일 12월 11일 – 최근 미국 지구물리학 연합 회의에서 발표된 북극 기후 변화의 영향에 대한 보고서는 야생 순록, 즉 순록 의 개체수가 지난 20년 [472] [473] 동안 거의 500만 마리에서 불과 210만 마리로 감소했다고 결론지었다. 12일 17일 ~18일 과학자들은 최초 의 꽃들이 [478] 약 1억 8천만 년 전에 시작되었는데, 이것은 이전에 생각했던 것보다 5천만 년 더 이른 것이라고 보고한다. 캄차카 슈퍼볼라이드 는 1900년 이후 지구에 충돌한 세 번째로 큰 소행성인 러시아 동해안 부근의 베링해 위에 떨어진다.그러나 [479] 이 행사는 2019년 3월에나 인정되고 발표될 것이다. 12월 19일 – NASA는 InSight 착륙선이 화성 에 지진계 를 배치했다고 발표했는데, 지진계가 다른 [480] 행성의 표면에 배치된 것은 이번이 처음입니다. 12일~24일 ★★★★★
. 1월 5일 – 토마스 밥 , 미국 천문학자 (b. 1949년) 2월 1일 – 벨라루스계 미국인 로켓 과학자 바리스 키트(b. 1910년) 2월 2일 - 조지프 폴친스키 , 미국의 이론물리학자 (b. 1954년) 2월 4일 - Alan Baker, 영국의 수학자 (b. 1939년) 2월 5일 – 도널드 린든 벨, 영국의 천체물리학자 (b. 1935년) 2월 10일 - Alan R. 영국 의 유기 화학자 타너스비(1925년 b.) 2월 18일 - 귄터 블로벨, 독일계 미국인 생물학자이자 노벨상 수상자(1936년생) 2월 21일 - 리처드 E. 테일러 , 캐나다 물리학자이자 노벨상 수상자(1929년 b. 3월 6일 – 영국 의 생물학자이자 노벨상 수상자인 존 설스턴 (b. 1942년) 3월 14일 – 스티븐 호킹, 영국의 이론 물리학자이자 우주론자 (b. 1942년)[482] 4월 7일 - 페터 그룬베르크 , 독일의 물리학자이자 노벨상 수상자 (b. 1939년) 5월 26일 – Ted Dabney, 미국 엔지니어 및 컴퓨터 사이언스 (b. 1937년) 6월 29일 - Arvid Carlsson, 스웨덴의 신경약리학자로 노벨상 수상자(1923년 b. 1923년) 7월 18일 - 버튼 리히터, 미국의 물리학자이자 노벨상 수상자 (b. 1931년) 9월 23일 – Charles K. 카오 , 홍콩계 미국인 영국인 물리학자이자 노벨상 수상자(1933년 b. 10월 3일 - Leon M. 레더맨 , 미국의 물리학자이자 노벨상 수상자(1922년생) 10월 9일 – 토마스 A. 스타이츠 , 미국의 생화학자로 노벨상 수상자(b. 1940년) 12월 9일 - 리카르도 지아코니, 이탈리아계 미국인 천체물리학자로 노벨상 수상자(1931년 b. 12월 22일 - 벨기에 수학자이자 필즈상 수상자 장 부르갱 (1954년생) 12월 23일 - Elias M. 미국 의 수학자 스타인(1931년 b. 12월 26일 - 피터 스위너튼 다이어 , 영국 수학자 (b. 1927년) 12월 26일 - 로이 J. 글라우버 , 미국의 이론 물리학자이자 노벨상 수상자 (b. 1925년) 「 」를 참조해 주세요.
메모들 ^ 물리학자 존 벨은 양자역학에서 말하기 쉽고 말할 수 없는 "베르틀만의 양말과 현실의 본질"이라는 제목의 그의 기사에서 아인슈타인 진영을 묘사했다: "EPR에게 그것은 생각할 수 없는 '원격에서의 스포키 액션'이 될 것이다." 거리에서의 그러한 행동을 피하기 위해, 그들은 문제의 시공간 영역, 관측 전에 실재하는 특성, 이러한 특정 관측의 결과를 미리 결정하는 상관된 특성으로 귀속시켜야 한다. 관측 전에 고정된 이러한 실재 성질은 양자 형식주의에 포함되지 않기 때문에 EPR에 대한 형식주의는 불완전하다. 어디까지나 맞을지 모르지만 일반적인 양자 형식주의가 전부는 아닙니다. 그리고 다시 144페이지에서 벨은 말한다: "아인슈타인은 다른 장소에서의 불륜이 상관관계가 있다는 것을 받아들이는데 어려움이 없었다. 그가 받아들일 수 없었던 것은 한 곳의 개입이 다른 [349] 한 곳의 문제에 즉각 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것이다." 레퍼런스 ^ a b David, Leonard (5 January 2018). "Structures on Mars" . Space.com . Retrieved 5 January 2018 . ^ a b Edwards, Christopher (3 January 2018). "Sols 1913–1924: Curiosity's Working Holiday" . NASA . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . ^ "Single metalens focuses all colors of the rainbow in one point" . Harvard . 1 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018 . ^ Shelby Rogers (7 January 2018). "Harvard Researchers Have Developed a Metalens That Could Revolutionize Optics" . Interesting Engineering. 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외부 링크 Wikimedia Commons 2018 과학 관련 매체