국가 또는 지역별 LGBT 권리
LGBT rights by country or territory![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/LGBT_rights_at_the_UN_%282011%29.svg/350px-LGBT_rights_at_the_UN_%282011%29.svg.png)
| 둘 다 아니다. | 어느 선언도 지원하지 않는 상태 |
| 비회원국 | 국제 연합 회원국에 투표권이 없는 주 |
| 반대하다 | 2008년 반대 선언을 지지하고 2011년 반대 선언을 계속한 주 |
| 후속 멤버 | 2008년 유엔에 가입하지 않은 남수단 |
| 지지하다 | 2008년 또는 2011년 총회 또는 인권이사회에서 LGBT 인권선언을 지지한 주 |
권리 |
---|
![]() |
이론상의 구별 |
|
인권 |
|
수익자별 권리 |
|
기타 권한 그룹 |
|
레즈비언, 게이, 양성애자, 트랜스젠더(LGBT)에게 영향을 미치는 권리는 동성결혼의 법적 인정에서부터 동성애에 대한 사형에 이르기까지 국가나 관할권에 따라 크게 다릅니다.
특히 2022년 7월[update] 현재 32개국이 동성결혼을 인정하고 있다.이와는 대조적으로 비국가 행위자와 사법권 밖의 살인은 제외하고 오직 한 나라만이 합의된 동성 성행위에 사형을 부과하는 것으로 여겨진다.이란. 모리타니, 사우디아라비아, 소말리아(주발란드 자치주) 및 아랍에미리트에서는 사형이 공식 법이지만 일반적으로 시행되지는 않는다.게다가, 성소수자들은 탈레반 통치하의 아프가니스탄과 러시아 [2]체첸 지역에서 초법적 살인에 직면해 있다.수단은 항문 성관계(헤테로 또는 동성애자)에 대한 강제되지 않은 사형을 2020년에 철회했다.간통죄에 대한 처벌로 15개국이 이 책에 돌팔매질을 하고 있는데, 이는 이란과 나이지리아([3][4][5][6]북부의 3분의 1)의 사법 당국에 의해 시행되고 있다.
2011년, 유엔 인권이사회는 LGBT의 권리를 인정하는 첫 번째 결의안을 통과시켰고, 유엔인권고등판무관실은 증오 범죄, 동성애 활동의 범죄화, 차별을 포함한 LGBT 사람들의 권리 침해를 문서화한 보고서를 발표했다.보고서 발표 후 유엔은 아직 그렇게 하지 않은 모든 국가들에게 기본적인 성소수자 [7][8]권리를 보호하는 법을 제정할 것을 촉구했다.
2022년 연구에 따르면 LGBT 권리(ILGA-유럽 레인보우 지수로 측정됨)는 위험한 성적 [9]행동과 독립적으로 동성애자와 양성애자 남성의 HIV/AIDS 발병률 감소와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
법의 범위
LGBT 사람들에게 영향을 미치는 법률에는 다음과 같은 것이 이에 한정되는 것은 아닙니다.
- 동성결혼, 시민결합, 가사동반자 등 동성관계 인정에 관한 법률
- LGBT에 의한 입양을 포함한 LGBT 육아에 관한 법률
- 고용, 주택, 교육, 공공시설 등에 관한 차별금지법
- 학교에서 LGBT 어린이를 보호하기 위한 왕따 방지법
- LGBT 사람들에 대한 편견에 의한 폭력에 대해 강화된 형사 처벌을 부과하는 증오 범죄법
- 트랜스젠더에 의한 성차별 시설 이용에 영향을 미치는 욕실비
- 성적 지향과 군복무에 관한 법률
- 보조 생식 기술에 대한 접근에 관한 법률
- 합의된 동성 성행위를 처벌하는 남색법이들은 동성애자, 남성 또는 남성과 여성을 대상으로 하거나 일부 동성애 행위를 합법적으로 남길 수 있습니다.
- 동성 커플이 대상인 간통법
- 동성 성행위에 더 높은 연령을 부과할 수 있는 동의 연령
- 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성의 혈액, 각막 및 기타 조직 기증에 관한 법률
- 성전환 수술과 호르몬 대체 요법의 이용에 관한 법률
- 재할당된 성별에 대한 법적 인정 및 수용.
시리즈의 일부 |
성소수자의 권리 |
---|
![]() |
레즈비언 게이 양성애자 트랜스젠더 |
![]() |
시리즈의 일부 |
LGBT 토픽 |
---|
![]() |
고대 인도
아요니 또는 모든 종류의 비-바기날 섹스는 아타샤스트라에서 처벌받을 수 있다.그러나 동성애 행위는 벌금형에 처해질 수 있는 작은 범죄로 취급되는 반면, 불법 이성 성관계는 훨씬 더 가혹한 처벌을 수반한다.Dharmsastras, 특히 후기의 Dharmasutra는 Vashistha Dharmasutra와 같은 비-vaginal 성관계를 처방한다.야자발키야 스미티는 이러한 행위에 대해 다른 남성과 함께 한 행위를 포함한 벌금을 부과한다.Manusmriti는 그러한 [10][11]행위에 대해 가벼운 처벌을 규정한다.바니타는 여성과 처녀 사이의 성에 대한 처벌에 대한 구절이 처녀의 성적 [12]순결을 강하게 강조하기 때문이라고 말한다.
고대 이스라엘
사람 레위기 18에(즉, 교제하여)과 거짓말하고 고대 모세의 율법(토라(유대교 율법))에서는 남자와, 소돔과 고모라, 이후 도시 곧", 주님에게서 유황과 불,"[13][14]과 사형 제도에 파괴되었다의 이야기에서 미수로 동성애자 강간의 제네시스 19에서 이야기를 준다 그도록 규정되었다.공존그리고 로트의 아내는 도시가 [15][16]파괴되는 것을 보기 위해 돌아섰기 때문에 소금기둥으로 변했다.신복음 22장 5절에서 여장은 "가증스러운"[17][18] 것으로 비난된다.
아시리아
아시리아 사회에서 성범죄는 동성애든 [19]이성애든 똑같이 처벌받았다.한 개인은 동등한 사회적 계층의 누군가를 파고들거나, 성역할이 확고하게 [19]남성적이라고 여겨지지 않는 누군가를 파고들어서 처벌받지 않았다.이러한 성관계는 심지어 행운으로 여겨졌는데, 아카디안 명패인 '숨마 알루'는 "남자가 뒤에서 동등한 사람과 교제하면, 그는 또래와 형제들 사이에서 지도자가 된다"고 쓰여 있다.[20][21]하지만, 동료 군인, 노예, 왕실 수행원, 또는 더 나은 사교가 순종적이거나 침투한 사람들과의 동성애 관계는 나쁜 [22][23]징조로 취급되었다.
기원전 1075년의 아시리아 중기의 법전에는 군대 내 동성애에 관한 엄격한 법이 있는데, "만약 어떤 사람이 그의 형제와 관계를 맺는다면, 그들은 그를 [24][25][26]내시로 바꿀 것이다."라고 쓰여 있다.비슷한 법전에는 "만약 선봉자가 이웃과 동침했다면, 그들이 그를 기소했을 때, 그들은 그와 동침하여 그를 내시로 만들 것이다"라고 쓰여 있다.이 법전은 동성애 강간과 관련된 상황을 비난한다.아시리아 남성들은 거짓 소문이나 강요된 성관계가 다른 [27]남성들과 관련이 없는 한 매춘부를 방문하거나 다른 남성들과 잠자리를 할 수 있었다.
고대 로마
고대 로마에서는 시민 청소년의 신체는 엄격히 출입이 금지되어 있었고 렉스 스텐티니아는 자유출생인 [28]미성년자를 상대로 성범죄를 저지른 사람들에게 처벌을 가했다.허용 가능한 동성 파트너는 시민으로서 법적인 보호에서 제외된 남성들, 즉 노예, 남성 매춘부, 그리고 엄밀히 말하면 자유로울 수 있지만, 그들의 생활방식으로 인해 법 밖에 있는 사람들이다.
기꺼이 구강 성교를 하거나 항문 성교를 받은 남성 시민은 폄하당했지만,[29] 이 남성들에 대한 법적 처벌의 증거는 제한적일 뿐이다.법정과 정치 수사에서, 여성스러움과 소극적인 성행위의 혐의는 특히 줄리어스 시저와 마크 [30]안토니 같은 "민주적인" 정치인들에게 집중되었다.
로마법은 기원전 2세기 초에 남성 시민의 강간을 다루었는데, 그 때 "명예롭고 의심스러운" 남성도 다른 시민들과 같은 권리를 가지고 자신의 몸을 강제로 [31]성관계를 맺지 않기로 결정되었다.율리우스 시저의 독재정권과 관련된 법에서는 강간은 "소년, 여성 또는 누구"에 대한 강제 성관계로 정의되어 있으며, 강간범은 로마 [32]법에서 보기 드문 형벌인 사형에 처해졌다.매춘부나 배우와 같이 정보원으로 분류된 남성은 법률상 강간할 수 없으며, 법적으로 재산으로 분류된 노예도 강간범을 기소할 수 없다. 그러나 노예의 주인은 강간범을 재산 [33]손해에 대해 기소할 수 있다.
공화정의 로마군에서는 동료 병사들 간의 성관계는 시민과의 성관계를 위반하고 군기 [35]위반으로 사형 [34]등 가혹한 처벌을 받았다.그리스 역사학자 폴리비우스(기원전 2세기)는 탈영병, 도둑, 위증자, 그리고 "젊었을 때 자신의 신체를 학대했던 자"를 푸스투아리움의 대상으로 하여 몽둥이로 때려 [36]죽인다.고대 자료들은 장교들에 의한 성희롱의 영향을 가장 우려하지만, 상관을 고발한 젊은 군인은 그가 자진해서 수동적인 역할을 하거나 매춘을 [37]하지 않았다는 것을 보여줄 필요가 있었다.군인들은 그들의 [38]남성 노예들과 자유롭게 관계를 맺을 수 있었다; 동료 시민 병사의 신체 사용은 금지되었다.[39] 동성애 행위 그 자체는 금지되지 않았다.공화정 후기와 제국 시대 내내, 현대적 의미의 "동성애자"로 특징지어지는 생활방식을 가진 남성들이 [40]공공연히 봉사했다는 증거가 증가하고 있다.
로마 법은 남자들 간의 결혼을 인정하지 않았고, 일반적으로 로마인들은 결혼을 아이를 낳는 주된 목적을 가진 이성간의 결합으로 여겼지만, 제국 시대 초기에 몇몇 남성 커플들은 전통적인 결혼 의식을 축하했다.쥬베날은 그의 친구들이 종종 그런 [41]행사에 참석한다는 것을 못마땅하게 여겼다.네로 황제는 두 남자와 결혼했는데, 한 번은 신부로, 한 번은 신랑으로 결혼했어요.그의 배우자 스포루스는 로마 [42]황후가 습관적으로 입던 레갈리아를 입고 네로의 아내로 공식 석상에 모습을 드러냈다.
시민의 특권을 보호하기 위한 조치와는 별개로 동성애를 일반 범죄로 기소한 것은 3세기 아랍인 필립이 남성 매춘을 금지하면서부터다.로마 제국이 기독교 지배하에 들어간 4세기 말에는 소극적인 동성애가 불에 [43]타 처벌받을 수 있었다."칼에 의한 죽음"은 테오도스 [44]법전 하에서 "여자처럼 커플링하는 남자"에 대한 처벌이었다.유스티니아누스 하에서는 수동적이든 능동적이든 모든 동성 행위는 상대방이 누구든 간에 자연에 반하는 것으로 선언되어 [45]사형에 처해질 수 있다.
대영제국
영국은 특히 대영제국이 최고조에 달했던 19세기에 식민지에 반동성애법을 [46]도입했다.2018년 현재 동성애를 범죄화한 71개국 중 절반 이상이 영국의 식민지나 [47]보호국이었다.
네덜란드
2001년 네덜란드는 세계 최초로 동성결혼을 [48]합법화한 나라였다.
글로벌 LGBT 인권 지도
국가 또는 지역별 동성 성별에 관한 법률 |
---|
국제 연합에서의 성소수자 권리 |
---|
국가 또는 지역별 동성애 '선전' 및 '도덕성' 법률 |
---|
국가 또는 지역에 따른 동성 성관계 범죄 배제 |
---|
국가별 또는 지역별로 동성 커플에 대한 동의 연령 균등화 |
---|
![]() 1790~1829년 1830년 ~ 1839년 1840년 ~1840년 1860년 ~1960년 1870년 ~1980년 1880년 ~1980년 1890년~1980년 1930-1986년 1940-1989년1 1950-1986년 1960-1986년 1970-1986년 1980-1986년 1990~1999년 2000~2009년 2010–현재 이성 및 동성 커플에 대한 동등한 연령의 동의 법률 날짜 불명 동의법 없음/동성 커플에게 항상 동일한 동의 연령법 없음 동성커플의 불평등한 동의 연령법 동성간의 성관계는 불법이다. 1제2차 세계대전 중 나치 독일은 동성의 성관계를 금지하는 독일의 법을 확장하면서 영토를 합병하거나 점령했다.전쟁 전에는 벨루노, 프리울리-베네치아 줄리아, 폴란드, 트렌티노-알토 아디게/[citation needed]수트티롤 등의 국가나 영토에서 동성 커플에 대한 동의 연령이 평등해졌다.제2차 세계대전 동안 독일은 모든 점령 국가에서 [50]반동성애법을 일관되게 시행하지 않았다.모든 국가와 지역은 제2차 세계대전 중 나치 독일에 의해 국가스키미사리아트에 합병되거나 제정된 경우, 전쟁 중 또는 전쟁 후에 독립 국가로 복원되거나 이전 국가로 환생하여 이들 [citation needed]지역의 동성 커플에 대한 동등한 연령의 동의법을 다시 합법화했다고 열거했다. |
동성결혼의 법적 지위 |
---|
![]() 동성결혼 가능 (반지 : 개별 케이스) 혼재 관할권: 국가가 인정하지만 부족의 구성원인 거주자에게는 부족 정부가 인정하지 않는 결혼 동성결혼을 확립하는 법률 또는 구속력 있는 국내 법원의 판결, 그러나 결혼은 아직 제공되지 않았다. 특정 다른 관할구역에서 수행될 경우 완전한 권리를 갖는 동성결혼이 인정된다. 아직 검증되지 않은 인정에 대한 사법 명령(아르메니아) 민간 조합 또는 국내 파트너십 제한된 법적 인정(동거 등기) 법적 강제성이 없는 현지 인증 특정 다른 관할구역에서 이루어지는 결혼에 대한 제한적 인정(배우자 거주권) 동성결혼을 인정하는 국제법원의 판결 대상국 동성결혼이 법적으로 인정되지 않는 다른 나라들 |
국가별 또는 지역별 동성 커플 입양 법적 지위 |
---|
국가별 또는 영토별 군대에서 LGBT 복무[필요한 건] |
---|
국가 또는 지역별 성적 성향 또는 성 정체성에 따른 고용 차별법 |
---|
성적 성향 및/또는 국가 또는 지역별 성별 정체성에 따른 상품 및 서비스를 포함하는 차별금지법 |
---|
국가 또는 지역별 성적 성향 및/또는 성 정체성에 따른 헌법상 차별법 |
---|
LGBT 국가별 또는 지역별 증오 범죄법 |
---|
국가 또는 영토에 의해 금지된 성적 성향 및 성 정체성에 기초한 증오 선동 |
---|
국가 또는 지역별 성적 성향 및 성 정체성에 따른 미성년자 전환 치료 금지 |
---|
국가 또는 지역별 이민 평등[필요한 건] |
---|
국가별 또는 지역별 동성 결혼 금지 |
---|
국가별, 지역별로 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성을 위한 헌혈 정책 |
---|
![]() 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성을 위한 헌혈 정책 남성과 성관계를 가진 사람은 헌혈할 수 있다; 이연 없음 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성은 헌혈을 할 수 있다.일시적 연기 남성과 성관계를 가진 사람은 헌혈을 할 수 없다; 영구적 연기 데이터 없음 |
국가별, 지역별로 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성의 여성 성상대에 대한 헌혈 정책 |
---|
![]() 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성의 여성 성상대에 대한 헌혈 정책 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성의 여성 성관계 파트너는 헌혈을 할 수 있습니다. 이연 없음 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성의 여성 성 파트너는 헌혈을 할 수 있다.일시적 연기 남성과 성관계를 가진 남성의 여성 성관계 파트너는 헌혈을 할 수 없습니다; 영구적 연기 데이터 없음 |
국가 또는 지역별 성 정체성 표현에 관한 법률 |
---|
비이진성 및 제3성별에 대한 법적 인정 |
---|
타임라인
아프리카
아프리카의 성소수자 권리에 따른 국가 목록 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
다음 표: 북아프리카
서아프리카
Central Africa
Southeast Africa
Horn of Africa
Indian Ocean states
Southern Africa
|
Americas
List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in the Americas | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tables: North America
Central America
Caribbean
South America
|
Asia
List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Asia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This table: Central Asia
Eurasia
West Asia
South Asia
East Asia
Southeast Asia
|
Europe
List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tables: European Union
Central Europe
Eastern Europe
Eurasia
Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Western Europe
|
Oceania
List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Oceania | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tables: Australasia
Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia
|
See also
Notes
References
- ^ As an alternative, you may view this article in the source editor and navigate to the section where the reference is displayed.
- ^ "'They will kill us if they find us': LGBT Afghans fear new Taliban regime". The Hill. 29 August 2021. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ Hazzad, Ardo (2 July 2022). "Nigerian Islamic court orders death by stoning for men convicted of homosexuality". Reuters. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ Milton, Josh (5 July 2022). "Three men sentenced to death by stoning for being gay". PinkNews Latest lesbian, gay, bi and trans news LGBTQ+ news. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ Mendos, Lucas Ramón (2019). State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019 (PDF) (13th ed.). Geneva: ILGA. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
- ^ Dick, Samantha (4 April 2019). "Brunei not the only place LGBTQI can be killed for who they love". The New Daily. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ Dougherty, Jill (17 June 2011). "U.N. council passes gay rights resolution". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ "UN issues first report on human rights of gay and lesbian people". United Nations. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ Stojanovski, Kristefer; King, Elizabeth J.; Amico, K. Rivet; Eisenberg, Marisa C.; Geronimus, Arline T.; Baros, Sladjana; Schmidt, Axel J. (2022). "Stigmatizing Policies Interact with Mental Health and Sexual Behaviours to Structurally Induce HIV Diagnoses Among European Men Who Have Sex with Men". AIDS and Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03683-9. S2CID 248220063.
- ^ Ali, Daud (2012). "Censured sexual acts and early medieval society in India". In Reyes, Raquel A. G.; Clarence-Smith, William G. (eds.). Sexual Diversity in Asia, c. 600–1950. Routledge. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0415600590. LCCN 2011049072. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
- ^ Same-Sex Love in India Archived 4 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine, edited by Ruth Vanita
- ^ Vanita, Ruth (2005). "Introduction". Love's Rite: Same-Sex Marriage in India and the West. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 32. ISBN 978-1403970381. LCCN 2005047571. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
- ^ Fields, Weston W. (1997). Sodom and Gomorrah: History and Motif in Biblical Narrative. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0567062611. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
- ^ Loader, J. A. (1990). A Tale of Two Cities: Sodom and Gomorrah in the Old Testament, Early Jewish and Early Christian Traditions. Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789024253333. LCCN 91207650. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
- ^ STRAUSS, Gerhard Friedrich Abraham; SLEE, Jane Mary (1837). On Restitution; Lot and his Wife; The Rich Man; Christian Composure; [sermons] by ... F. S. ... translated from the German, by Miss Slee. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
- ^ R. W (1607). Lot's Wife. A sermon at Paule's Crosse [on Luke xvii. 32. By R. W., i.e. R. Wilkinson.]. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
- ^ Upson-Saia, Kristi; Daniel-Hughes, Carly; Batten, Alicia J., eds. (2016) [2014]. "Cross-dressing, Masculinity, and the Social Body in Late Antiquity". Dressing Judeans and Christians in Antiquity. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 978-1317147978. LCCN 2014000554. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
- ^ Bullough, Vern L.; Bullough, Bonnie (1993). "Introduction". Cross Dressing, Sex, and Gender. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. x. ISBN 9780812214314. LCCN 92032030. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ a b Homoeroticism in the Biblical World: A Historical Perspective, by Martti Nissinen, Fortress Press, 2004, p. 24–28 Archived 14 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Greenberg, David F. (15 August 1990). The Construction of Homosexuality. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226306285. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
- ^ "Homosexuality in the Ancient Near East, beyond Egypt by Bruce Gerig in the Ancient Near East, beyond Egypt". epistle.us. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
- ^ Pritchard, p. 181.
- ^ Gay Rights Or Wrongs: A Christian's Guide to Homosexual Issues and Ministry, by Mike Mazzalonga, 1996, p.11
- ^ Halsall, Paul. "The Code of the Assura". Internet History Sourcebooks Project. Fordham University. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- ^ The Nature of Homosexuality, Erik Holland, page 334, 2004
- ^ Wilhelm, Amara Das (18 May 2010). Tritiya-Prakriti: People of the Third Sex. ISBN 9781453503164. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
- ^ G. R. Driver and J. C. Miles, The Assyrian Laws (Oxford, Clarendon Press [1935]), 71.
- ^ Plutarch, Moralia 288a; Thomas Habinek, "The Invention of Sexuality in the World-City of Rome," in The Roman Cultural Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 39; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 545–546. Scholars disagree as to whether the Lex Scantinia imposed the death penalty or a hefty fine.
- ^ Williams, Roman Homosexuality, pp. 214–215; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," passim.
- ^ Catharine Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 63–64.
- ^ As recorded in a fragment of the speech De Re Floria by Cato the Elder (frg. 57 Jordan = Aulus Gellius 9.12.7), noted and discussed by Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," p. 561.
- ^ Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 562–563. See also Digest 48.5.35 [34] on legal definitions of rape that included boys.
- ^ Under the Lex Aquilia. See McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 314.
- ^ McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 40.
- ^ Sara Elise Phang, Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 93.
- ^ Polybius, Histories 6.37.9 Archived 21 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine (translated as bastinado).
- ^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 280–285.
- ^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, p. 3.
- ^ Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 112 et passim.
- ^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 285–292. Archived 5 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Juvenal, Satire 2; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 28.
- ^ Suetonius Life of Nero 28–29; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 279ff.
- ^ Michael Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia: Three Types of Explanation," in Combatting Homophobia: Experiences and Analyses Pertinent to Education (LIT Verlag, 2011), p. 193.
- ^ Codex Theodosianus 9.7.3 (4 December 342), introduced by the sons of Constantine in 342.
- ^ Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia," p. 193.
- ^ Kirby, Michael (2013). "The sodomy offence: England's least lovely criminal law export?" (PDF). Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the Commonwealth: Struggles for Decriminalisation and Change. London: School of Advanced Study, University of London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ Ben Westcott (12 September 2018). "The homophobic legacy of the British Empire". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ Homosexuality and the Law: A Dictionary. Abc-Clio. 2001. ISBN 9781576072677.
- ^ In the Russian law "for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values", foreigners may be arrested and detained for up to 15 days then deported, or fined up to 5,000 rubles and deported.
- ^ Council of Europe publication Queer in Europe during the second World War Archived 31 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine p. 13, passim
- ^ Carroll, Aengus; Mendos, Lucas Ramón (May 2017). "State Sponsored Homophobia 2017: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). ILGA.
- ^ "Algeria". Human Dignity Trust. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
- ^ "Algeria: Treatment of homosexuals by society and government authorities; protection available including recourse to the law for homosexuals who have been subject to ill-treatment (2005-2007)". Refworld. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 July 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ Galán, José Ignacio Pichardo. "Same-sex couples in Spain. Historical, contextual and symbolic factors" (PDF). Institut national d'études démographiques. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ a b c "Spain approves liberal gay marriage law". St. Petersburg Times. 1 July 2005. Archived from the original on 28 December 2007. Retrieved 8 January 2007.
- ^ a b c "Spain Intercountry Adoption Information". U. S. Department of State — Bureau of Consular Affairs. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Ley 14/2006, de 26 de mayo, sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida". Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). 27 May 2006. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
- ^ a b "Rainbow Europe: legal situation for lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Europe" (PDF). ILGA-Europe. May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014.
- ^ a b c "Ley 3/2007, de 15 de marzo, reguladora de la rectificación registral de la mención relativa al sexo de las personas". Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). 16 March 2007.
- ^ "Reglamento regulador del Registro de Uniones de Hecho, de 11 de septiembre de 1998". Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta (in Spanish). 11 September 1998.
- ^ "Egypt (Law)". ILGA. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Libyan 'Gay' Men Face Torture, Death By Militia: Report (GRAPHIC)". HuffPost. 26 November 2012.
- ^ Fhelboom, Reda (22 June 2015). "Less than human". Development and Cooperation.
- ^ "Lei n.ᵒ 7/2001" (PDF). Diário da República Eletrónico (in Portuguese). 11 May 2001. Article 1, no. 1.
- ^ "AR altera lei das uniões de facto".
- ^ Law no. 9/2010, from 30th May.
- ^ "Lei 17/2016 de 20 de junho".
- ^ "Lei que alarga a procriação medicamente assistida publicada em Diário da República". tvi24. 20 June 2016.
- ^ "Todas as mulheres com acesso à PMA a 1 de Agosto". PÚBLICO.
- ^ "MEPs welcome new gender change law in Portugal; concerned about Lithuania - The European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights". www.lgbt-ep.eu.
- ^ "REGLAMENTO REGULADOR DEL REGISTRO DE PAREJAS DE HECHO DE LA CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MELILLA" [REGULATORY REGULATION OF THE REGISTER OF COUPLES IN FACT OF THE CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MELILLA] (PDF) (in Spanish). 1 February 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g "ILGA-Europe". ilga-europe.org.
- ^ "Morocco (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia. Gay histories and cultures. Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis. 8 November 2017. ISBN 9780815333548 – via Google Books.
- ^ "La junta de protección a la infancia de Barcelona: Aproximación histórica y guía de su archivo" (PDF). Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Where is it illegal to be gay? - BBC News". Bbc.com. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Reforms In Sudan Result In Removal Of Death Penalty And Flogging For Same-Sex Relations". curvemag.com. 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Tunisia (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Tunisian presidential committee recommends decriminalizing homosexuality". NBC News. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ "Benin (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "The Gambia passes bill imposing life sentences for some homosexual acts World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Gambia outlaws cross-dressing". news.com.au. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
- ^ "Ghana (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Sexual Minorities: Their Treatment Across the World". Xpats.io. 11 January 2010.
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Liberia - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Mauritania - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
- ^ "Nigeria (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Marriage (Ascension) Ordinance, 2016" (PDF).
- ^ Jackman, Josh (20 December 2017). "This tiny island just passed same-sex marriage". PinkNews.
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Senegal". Equaldex.
- ^ "Cameroonian LGBTI activist found tortured to death in home". glaad.org. 17 July 2013.
- ^ "Décret n° 160218 du 30 mars 2016 portant promulgation de la Constitution de la République centrafricaine" (PDF). ilo.org.
- ^ "Code Pénal du 8 mai 2017" (PDF). droit-afrique.com.
- ^ "Gabon lawmakers vote to decriminalise homosexuality". Reuters. Reuters. 24 June 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ^ "Everything you need to know about human rights. Amnesty International". Amnesty.org. 25 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Laws of Kenya ; The Constitution of Kenya" (PDF). Kenyaembassy.com. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "2013 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT" (PDF). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. 2013. p. 33.
- ^ "Tanzania: Mixed Messages on Anti-Gay Persecution". hrw.org. 6 November 2018.
- ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey (8 November 2017). "David Kato, Gay Rights Activist, Is Killed in Uganda" – via www.nytimes.com.
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Eritrea - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
- ^ Asokan, Ishan (16 November 2012). "A bludgeoned horn: Eritrea's abuses and 'guilt by association' policy.'". Consultancy Africa Intelligence. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154345.html
- ^ "'Don't come back, they'll kill you for being gay'". BBC NEWS. 2020.
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Comoros - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
- ^ "The Sexual Offences Bill" (PDF). mauritiusassembly.govmu.org. Government of Mauritius. 6 April 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Mauritius - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
- ^ a b "Africa: Outspoken activists defend continent's sexual diversity - Norwegian Council for Africa". Afrika.no. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Equal Opportunities Act 2008" (PDF). Ilo.org. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Tiny African victory: Seychelles repeals ban on gay sex". 18 May 2016.
- ^ "Diario da Republica" (PDF) (in Portuguese).
- ^ "Employment & labour law in Angola". Lexology. 15 September 2015.
- ^ "Transgender Rights in Angola" (PDF).
- ^ CNN, Kara Fox. "Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa". CNN.
- ^ "NEWS RELEASE: BOTSWANA HIGH COURT RULES IN LANDMARK GENDER IDENTITY CASE – SALC".
- ^ "Transgender Rights in Lesotho" (PDF).
- ^ "Malawi suspends anti-gay laws as MPs debate repeal World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Mozambique Gay Rights Group Wants Explicit Constitutional Protections Care2 Causes". Care2.com. 3 March 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Homosexuality Decriminalised in Mozambique". Kuchu Times. 1 June 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ Marketing, Intouch Interactive. "Sodomy law's days numbered - Geingos - Local News - Namibian Sun". www.namibiansun.com.
- ^ "Namibia". State.gov. 4 March 2002. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Namibia". Lgbtnet.dk. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Transgender Rights in Namibia" (PDF).
- ^ Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment, (No. 20) Act. 2013
- ^ Simpson, Lisa (28 February 2018). "House: Three more months of same-sex marriage". The Royal Gazette. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Johnson, Ayo (15 June 2013). "MPs approve historic Human Rights Act changes". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
- ^ "Criminal Code (R.S., 1985, c. C-46), Section 159, Subsection (1)". Department of Justice Canada. 21 May 2010.
- ^ Anonymous (27 November 2017). "Law Reform (2000) Act".
- ^ "An Act instituting civil unions and establishing new rules of filiation" (PDF).
- ^ "Alberta: Adult Interdependent Relationships". Legal Resource Center of Alberta. 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
- ^ Justice, Manitoba. "Manitoba Laws". web2.gov.mb.ca.
- ^ "LOI CONCERNANT CERTAINES CONDITIONS DE FOND DU MARIAGE CIVIL" (PDF).
- ^ Status differs in provinces and territories:
- Mary C. Hurley (31 May 2007). "Sexual Orientation and Legal Rights". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
- Jennifer A. Cooper (31 December 2001). "Opinion on Common-Law Relationships". Government of Manitoba. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
- "Gay couple leaps 'walls' to adopt son". Edmonton Journal. 19 February 2007.
- "Legal Information for Same Sex Couples" (PDF). Legal Information for Same Sex Couples. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- "Yukon Adoption: Important Adoption Issues". Adoptiveparents.ca. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ "Canadian Armed Forces". The Canadian Lesbian & Gay Archives. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Northwest Territories Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002, c.18. Section 5".
- ^ "Ontario passes law to protect transgender people". CBC News. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ Services, Ministry of Citizens. "Change Your Personal Information - Province of British Columbia". www2.gov.bc.ca.
- ^ "Manitoba Vital Statistics Agency Province of Manitoba". Province of Manitoba - Manitoba Vital Statistics Agency.
- ^ "1995-96 - L 162 (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af kriminalloven og arveloven for Grønland. (Ændringer som følge af indførelse af registreret partnerskab)" (in Danish). Webarkiv.dk. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ "Anordning om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab m.v." (PDF).
- ^ ksv. "Folketinget - L 122 - 2014-15 (1. samling)Om forældreansvarslovgivningen og lovgivningen om ægteskab mellem to personer af samme køn". www.folketingstidende.dk.
- ^ "§2, Imm. 3, Qitiusumik Inunnik Nalunaarsuiffik pillugu inatsisip (CPR pillugu inatsit) allanngortinneqarneranik inatsisit Kalaallit Nunaannut atuutilersinneqarnerannik peqqussut (Greenlandic)" (PDF). Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "§2, Stk 3., Anordning om ikrafttræden for Grønland af love om ændring af lov om Det Centrale Personregister (Danish)". Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ (in Spanish) Leopoldo Ramos (11 January 2007). "Aprueba Coahuila la figura del pacto civil de solidaridad". La Jornada. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ (in Spanish) Pedro Zamora Briseño (29 July 2013). "Aprueba Colima "enlace conyugal" entre parejas del mismo sexo". Proceso. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Legalizan bodas gays en Campeche". 23 December 2013.
- ^ (in Spanish) "Jalisco avala Ley de Libre Convivencia para regular parejas del mismo sexo". CNN México. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ a b David Agren (10 August 2010). "Mexican States Ordered to Honor Gay Marriages". New York Times. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
- ^ (in Spanish) Varillas, Adriana (3 May 2012). "Revocan anulación de bodas gay en QRoo". El Universal. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ (in Spanish) Mauricio Torres (14 November 2013). "Senadores proponen legalizar el matrimonio gay en todo México". CNN México. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ (in Spanish) "Propone Fernando Mayans Canabal reconocer el matrimonio sin distinción de preferencia sexual". Senado de México. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ Summers, Claude (6 June 2015). "Mexico's Supreme Court Effectively Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage Nationwide". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "SCJN abre la puerta a matrimonio gay en todo el país" (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: La Journada. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "Suprema Corte ampara matrimonio igualitario" (in Spanish). Mexico: Animal Politico. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ Associated Press (4 March 2010). "Mexico City's gay marriage law takes effect". MSNBC. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
- ^ (in Spanish) Jesús Castro (12 February 2014). "Ya pueden parejas gay adoptar en Coahuila; PAN vota en contra". Vanguardia. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ "Intercountry Adoption: Mexico". Office of Children Issues, U.S. Dept. of State. November 2009.
- ^ "Comunidad LGBTTTI se prepara para la adopción". 17 May 2019.
- ^ Abajo, Redacción Desde. "A partir de hoy Matrimonio Igualitario es oficial". DESDEABAJO.MX.
- ^ International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) (23 April 2003). "Mexico protects its gay and lesbian citizens with new law". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
- ^ International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) Trans (29 August 2008). "Mexico City extends official rights to transgender individuals". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
- ^ https://www.homosensual.com/lgbt/trans/ley-identidad-genero-estados-reconocen-trans/
- ^ a b c d e f "Loi n° 99-944 du 15 novembre 1999 relative au pacte civil de solidarité Legifrance". www.legifrance.gouv.fr.
- ^ a b c d e f Vignal, Francois (15 April 2013). "Mariage pour tous : le détail du vote au Sénat" (in French). Public Senat. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f "France". travel.state.gov.
- ^ a b c d e f "France: Transsexualism will no longer be classified as a mental illness in France / News / Welcome to the ILGA Trans Secretariat / Trans / ilga - ILGA". Trans.ilga.org. 16 May 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ "Biden overturns Trump transgender military ban". BBC News. 25 January 2021.
- ^ "Medical Conditions That Can Keep You From Joining the Military". Military.com. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Medical Conditions That Can Keep You From Joining the Military". Military.com. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Belize Supreme Court Overturns Anti-Gay Law". NBC News.
- ^ "Chapter 4 of the Laws of Belize - THE CONSTITUTION OF BELIZE PART II: Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms". Belmopan, Belize: The Government of Belize. 1981. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ Littauer, Dan (10 August 2016). "Love wins! Belize anti-gay law struck down". Scotland: KaleidoScot. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ "Supreme Court declares Section 53 unconstitutional". Port of Spain, Trinidad: Daily Express. Cana News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ "Transgender Culture in Belize". unibam.org. United Belize Advocacy Movement (UNIBAM). Retrieved 16 October 2016.
- ^ "CCSS aprobó extender seguro de salud a parejas gais". La Nación, Grupo Nación.
- ^ "Costa Rica Government To Prioritize Bill Legalizing Gay Civil Unions". ticotimes.net. 19 March 2015.
- ^ "Costa Rica". travel.state.gov.
- ^ "Transgender Population in Costa Rica Will be Able to Choose the Name Shown in Their ID". Costa Rica Star News. 14 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ Quesada, Armando (23 May 2018). "Omisión de sexo en las cédulas: Un cambio simbólico" [Omission of sex on ID cards: A symbolic change]. La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ Cambronero, Julieta (24 May 2021). "Primer aniversario del matrimonio igualitario llama a resolver pendientes con la población diversa" [First anniversary of same-sex marriage calls for resolving pending issues with sexually diverse citizens]. Costa Rica Medios (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ Solano, Glenda (11 March 2022). "Personas trans obtendrán pasaporte con identidad de género autopercibida sin trámites engorrosos" [Trans people will obtain passports with self-perceived gender identity without cumbersome procedures]. Teletica.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 March 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Asociación Salvadoreña de Derechos Humanos “Entre Amigos” (2010). HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER PERSONS IN EL SALVADOR: Shadow Report submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee (PDF). San Salvador.
- ^ "Consulta Nacional sobre realidades LGBTI en El Salvador". Dirección de Diversidad Sexual (in Spanish). 2012.
- ^ "El Salvador: la Corte Suprema reconoce la identidad de género de una persona trans". NODAL (in European Spanish). 10 May 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Press, SONIA PEREZ D., Associated (31 July 2016). "In socially conservative Guatemala, transgender people sees gains".
- ^ "Honduras: Constitución de 1982". pdba.georgetown.edu.
- ^ "Honduras Bans Gay Marriage & Adoption". Global Gayz. 30 March 2005. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ ""DECRETO 144-83" CÓDIGO PENAL" (PDF).
- ^ "Ley No. 16 Que regula el derecho de admisión en los establecimientos públicos y Dicta medidas para evitar la discriminación" (PDF). Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Diario, El Nuevo. "Buscan que orientación sexual e identidad género sean reconocidos en Panamá".
- ^ Octubre, Corprensa Apartado 0819-05620 El Dorado Ave 12 de; Panamá, Hato Pintado; Panamá, República de (5 November 2012). "Transexuales panameños tramitan cédulas de mujer". La Prensa.
- ^ "Por primera vez, una transexual logra en Panamá cambiar su nombre en la cédula". El Espectador (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ^ Press, Associated (10 September 2016). "Aruba Parliament approves civil unions for same-sex couples".
- ^ a b c "Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ "Wetboek van Strafrecht van Aruba". overheid.aw (in Dutch). 3 July 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ Smith, Reiss (22 July 2020). "Barbados invites same-sex couples to live on the island for a year as it begins unpicking colonial-era homophobia". PinkNews - Gay news, reviews and comment from the world's most read lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans news service. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Government to recognise 'a form of civil unions' for same sex couples". Barbados Today. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Employment (Prevention of Discrimination) Bill, 2020". Barbados Parliament Bills Archive. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Waaldijk, Kees. "Major legal consequences of marriage, cohabitation and registered partnership for different-sex and same-sex partners in the Netherlands" (PDF). INED. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ a b c "Gay Marriage Goes Dutch". CBS News. Associated Press. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
- ^ a b c "Burgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 1 (Civil Code, Book 1)". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ a b c "Wetboek van Strafrecht BSE". Overheid.nl (in Dutch). 1 May 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007, sections 9 and 26.
- ^ "Civil partnerships now legal in the Cayman Islands". Cayman News Service. 4 September 2020.
- ^ "Nuevo Código de Familia en Cuba se someterá a votación popular". Cubanet. 8 March 2019.
- ^ "LGBT MILITARY PERSONNEL A STRATEGIC VISION FOR INCLUSION" (PDF). The Hague Center for Strategic Studies.
- ^ "Gaceta Oficial No. 29 Extraordinaria de 17 de junio de 2014" (PDF).
- ^ "Entra en vigor nuevo Código del Trabajo". cubaencuentro.com.
- ^ "Constitución de la República de Cuba". www.cuba.cu.
- ^ "Cuba approves sex change operations". 6 June 2008 – via www.reuters.com.
- ^ "LANDSVERORDENING van de 2de november 2011 houdende vaststelling van een nieuw Wetboek van Strafrecht" (PDF). gobiernu.cw (in Dutch). 2 November 2011.
- ^ "Dominican Republic reiterates ban on gay cops and soldiers". gaystarnews.com.
- ^ Taylor, Jeff (23 April 2018). "Homosexuality Is Still Illegal In These 9 Caribbean Countries". newnownext.
- ^ "Constitution of Montserrat Part I: Fundamental Rights & Freedoms". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ^ "Puerto Rico to amend laws after US ruling on gay marriage".
- ^ a b "In 60 days, gays will be allowed to serve openly in the military". CNN. 23 July 2011.
- ^ a b "Beginning today, transgender individuals can join the US military". ABC News. 1 January 2018.
- ^ Chiam, Zhan; Duffy, Sandra; González Gil, Matilda; Goodwin, Lara; Timothy Mpemba Patel, Nigel. "Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law" (PDF). ILGA World. ILGA World. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
- ^ "LANDSVERORDENING van de 13e december 2012 houdende vaststelling van een nieuw Wetboek van Strafrecht". Overheid.nl (in Dutch). 13 December 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ Loutoo, Jada (12 April 2018). "Historic ruling on Sexual Offences Act". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Port of Spain, Trinidad. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ^ a b c Liptak, Adam (26 June 2015). "Gay Marriage Backers Win Supreme Court Victory". nytimes.com. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
- ^ "Ley 1.004". Buenos Aires Ciudad (in Spanish).
- ^ "Ley 3.736". Legislatura de la Provincia de Río Negro (in Spanish).
- ^ "Ley 26.994 Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación". InfoLEG (in Spanish).
- ^ "Ley 26.618". InfoLEG (in Spanish).
- ^ Smink, Veronica (28 February 2009). "Argentina: abren paso a gays en FF.AA". BBC Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ "Ley 26.791". InfoLEG (in Spanish).
- ^ Ruchansky, Emilio (10 May 2012). "Una norma de vanguardia". Página/12 (in Spanish).
- ^ "New law in Argentina could change lives in the transgender community".
- ^ "Constitution of Bolivia". presidencia.gob.bo.
- ^ "Acuerdo de Vida en Familia busca legalizar la unión de parejas TLGB - Diario Pagina Siete". www.paginasiete.bo.
- ^ "Bolivia approves first same-sex union following legal battle". NBC News. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Constitución Política del Estado (CPE) (7-Febrero-2009)" (in Spanish). Infoleyes. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ^ "Travel Advisor". travel.state.gov.
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ "Fuerzas Armadas de Bolivia abren sus puertas a los gays". confluenciafm.com.ar.
- ^ "Militares gay, entre la discriminación y la clandestinidad en FFAA de Bolivia" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ lgc-DB, teleSUR /. "Bolivia Approves Progressive Law Recognizing Transgender Rights".
- ^ Constitución Política del Estado
- ^ "'Soy el primero en Latinoamérica en cambiar de nombre y sexo' - La Razón". www.la-razon.com.
- ^ "En Bolivia, seis transexuales lograron cambiar de identidad - Diario Pagina Siete". www.paginasiete.bo.
- ^ "Brazilian go-ahead for gay unions". 5 March 2004 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Notícias STF :: STF - Supremo Tribunal image". www.stf.jus.br.
- ^ "CNJ obriga cartórios de todo o país a celebrar casamento entre gays - 14/05/2013 - Cotidiano". Folha de S.Paulo.
- ^ "CNJ obriga cartórios a celebrar casamento entre homossexuais - Brasil". Estadão.
- ^ "Casal homossexual pode adotar criança, decide STJ". www.athosgls.com.br.
- ^ (in Portuguese).Patricia Silva Gadelha (March 2006). "A prática da pederastia é crime militar". Jus Navigandi. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
- ^ "STF permite criminalização da homofobia e da transfobia". G1.
- ^ "Homosexuality is not deviant - Federal Council of Psychologists of Brazil".
- ^ "Psychiatrist Jairo Bouer talks about the "collateral effects" of "gay cure" bill".
- ^ Expresso da Notícia (13 January 2006). "Justiça autoriza alteração no registro de transexual que trocou de sexo" (in Portuguese). Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ Expresso da Notícia (25 December 2005). "Justica autoriza mudança de sexo em documentos" (in Portuguese). Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Mudar o nome e o sexo nos documentos".
- ^ "LEY-20830 21-ABR-2015 MINISTERIO SECRETARIA GENERAL DE GOBIERNO - Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional". 21 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d Bonnefoy, Pascale; Londoño, Ernesto (7 December 2021). "Chile Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage at Fraught Political Moment". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ^ (in Spanish) Claudio Ortiz Lazo. "Reflexiones en torno a la homosexualidad y fuerzas armadas". Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ^ Chile, C. N. N. "Histórico: Ejército admite por primera vez en sus filas a un hombre trans". CNN Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ "Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law". Jurist.org. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
- ^ "Chilean President Signs Transgender Rights Law". On Top Magazine.
- ^ "Consulta de la Norma". www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co.
- ^ Semana. "Resultados de la búsqueda: corte constitucional permite matrimonio igualitario". Resultados de la búsqueda corte constitucional permite matrimonio igualitario.
- ^ "Histórico fallo de Corte Constitucional sobre adopción de menores por parte de parejas del mismo sexo". RCN Radio.
- ^ "Colombia High Court Rules for Adoptions by Same-Sex Couples".
- ^ "Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación". ElTiempo.com. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.(in Spanish)
- ^ ""Cambio de género en la cédula será ágil y simple": Minjusticia - ELESPECTADOR.COM". 6 June 2015.
- ^ "Constitution of Ecuador" (PDF). ecuadorencifras.gob.ec.
- ^ "LEY REFORMATORIA AL CÓDIGO CIVIL" (PDF).
- ^ "Ecuador's highest court votes to legalise same-sex marriage". France 24. 13 June 2019.
- ^ "Ecuador". travel.state.gov.
- ^ OAS (1 August 2009). "OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development". www.oas.org.
- ^ "Ecuador: 2008 Constitution in English". pdba.georgetown.edu.
- ^ "Official Registrar" (PDF). asambleanacional.gob.ec.
- ^ ns-DB-gp, teleSUR /. "Ecuadorean Lawmakers Approve New Gender Identity Law".
- ^ "Bay Area Reporter :: Article.php". The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.
- ^ a b "Executive Council Papers". www.fig.gov.fk.
- ^ "The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008" (PDF).
- ^ "Homosexuals can adopt, be foster parents, guardians – CPA Director". 16 December 2015.
- ^ "HOME". thedailyherald.sx.
- ^ "Constitución del Paraguay, 1992". www.oas.org.
- ^ "Paraguay – Constitution". Retrieved 15 October 2010.
- ^ "Diputados rechazan ley que prohíbe ingreso de homosexuales a FFAA". www.paraguay.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 March 2017.
- ^ "El Tribunal Constitucional de Perú considera que no se puede excluir de la Polícia o el Ejército a las personas homosexuales". Dos Manzanas. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ "Código Penal peruano 2018 actualizado". Legis.pe (in European Spanish). 3 June 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
- ^ "Peruvian Congress Votes to Remove LGBT from Hate Crime Legislation". The Perchy Bird. 6 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
- ^ (in Spanish)"Peruvian Penal Code" (PDF). Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ^ "Peru lags behind other Latin American countries on LGBT rights". 18 September 2014.
- ^ "Finalmente se aprobó la ley contra crímenes de odio y discriminación por orientación sexual". Útero.Pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 January 2017.
- ^ "TC reconoce derecho de transexuales a pedir cambio de nombre y sexo en DNI". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). 8 November 2016.
- ^ "Sex reassignment surgery in Peru". Streets of Lima. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
- ^ a b "Local laws and customs - South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory) travel advice - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk.
- ^ "Wetboek van Strafrecht 2015" (PDF) (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ "Transgender wins case for sex change recognition". thedailyherald.sx. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
- ^ "Suriname appeals transgender verdict". www.thedailyherald.sx.
- ^ "Ley Nº 18.246 UNIÓN CONCUBINARIA".
- ^ "Document" (PDF). archivo.presidencia.gub.uy.
- ^ Reuters (9 September 2009). "Lawmakers in Uruguay Vote to Allow Gay Couples to Adopt". New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ Rachel Weiner (15 May 2009). "Uruguay Lifts Ban On Gays In The Military". Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ (in Spanish) Congress of Uruguay (18 August 2004). "Ley N° 17.817". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ Free Speech Radio News (11 December 2009). "Uruguay passes bill to allow citizens to choose gender identity". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ "В Минобороны ответили на вопрос о сексуальных меньшинствах в армии". Tengrinews. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Masci, David (11 February 2014). "Gay rights in Russia and the former Soviet republics". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
- ^ "Kyrgyz Voters Back Amendments On Same-Sex Marriage, Presidential Power". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 11 December 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
- ^ "Kyrgyzstan's Transgender Advocates Call for Right to Change Gender in Passports".
- ^ "Transgender in Tajikistan". Institute for War and Peace Reporting.
- ^ "Employment (Equality) Ordinance 2013" (PDF). sbaadministration.org.
- ^ "Referendum in Armenia brings constitutional reforms - ILGA-Europe". www.ilga-europe.org.
- ^ "Armenia Central Electoral Commission announces constitutional referendum final results". news.am.
- ^ "Armenia: Gays live with threats of violence, abuse". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "CONSTITUTION - MFA NKR". nkr.am.
- ^ a b c d "In-Cyprus is under construction". in-cyprus.com.
- ^ a b c d "Army legislation".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "ILGA-Europe" (PDF). ilga-europe.org.
- ^ a b c d "Cyprus: Penal code amended to protect against discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity". PinkNews. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ "Law of Georgia on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination". matsne.gov.ge.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Map shows how Europe forces trans people to be sterilized". Gay Star News.
- ^ "В Минобороны ответили на вопрос о сексуальных меньшинствах в армии". Tengrinews. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Northern Cyprus Decriminalizes Homosexuality and Protects LGBTs Against Hate Speech". kaosgl.com.
- ^ a b c d e f g h (in Turkish) Kuzey Kıbrıs’ın “Eşcinsellik Suçu” Yasası Tarihe Karıştı!
- ^ a b c d Kamenou, Nayia; Gavrielides, Costa; Ethemer, Enver; Bullici, Okan. "Aktivizm, Hukuk Ve İki Kesimdeki Değişim" (PDF). FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG – KIBRIS LGBTİ HAREKETİ.
- ^ a b c "Russian Gay History". community.middlebury.edu.
- ^ a b c "Russian parliament begins legalising ban on same-sex marriage". Reuters. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ^ Can, İ.Özgür; Demiroğlu, Zehra; Köker, Murat; Ulaş, Halis; Salaçin, Serpil (28 January 2011). "Legal Aspects of Gender Reassignment Surgery in Turkey". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. Sage Publishing. 18: 77–88. doi:10.1177/097152151001800104. S2CID 143761091.
- ^ "Employment (Equality) Ordinance 2013" (PDF). sbaadministration.org.
- ^ "Referendum in Armenia brings constitutional reforms - ILGA-Europe". www.ilga-europe.org.
- ^ "Armenia Central Electoral Commission announces constitutional referendum final results". news.am.
- ^ "Armenia: Gays live with threats of violence, abuse". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "CONSTITUTION - MFA NKR". nkr.am.
- ^ "Gulf Daily News". Gulf Daily News. 9 March 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ^ "Egypt (Law)". ILGA. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Law of Georgia on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination". matsne.gov.ge.
- ^ "Report: 14-year-old gay boy hanged in Iran". mambaonline.com. 18 July 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ "CBC News - Film - Iran's gay plan". Cbc.ca. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ "Iraq: Sexual Orientation, Human Rights and the Law". www.glapn.org.
- ^ https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-19525133
- ^ Erez Levon (January 2008). National Discord: Language, Sexuality and the Politics of Belonging in Israel. p. 45–46. ISBN 9780549582427.
This amendment to the penal code entailed a de jure decriminalization of sodomy since, in 1963, the Israeli Supreme Court had already issued a de facto decriminalization, ruling that the anti-sodomy law (which dated back to the British Mandate of Palestine; Mandatory Criminal Ordinance of 1936) could not be prosecuted (Yosef Ben-Ami vs. The Attorney General of Israel, 224/63).
- ^ "LGBTQ Timeline" (PDF). ua.edu.
- ^ "In Complete Reversal, Israel Says It No Longer Opposes Same-sex Adoption". Haaretz. 29 August 2017.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Law prohibiting discrimination in products, services, and entry to businesses" (in Hebrew). Israeli Economy Ministry. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ "El Al vs. Yonatan Danilovich" (in Hebrew). Supreme Court of Israel. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ Dorff, Rabbis Elliot N.; Nevins, Daniel S.; Reisner, Avram I. "Homosexuality, Human Dignity & Halakhah: A Combined Responsum for the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards" (PDF).
- ^ Hovel, Revital (18 January 2015). "Israel recognizes sex changes without operation". Haaretz. Supreme Court of Israel. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ^ Aeyal Gross, Human rights are part of the fight for gay rights, Haaretz (via Aguda website), December 17, 2013
- ^ Hila Weissberg, Homophobia in the workplace? Fear of transgender people is even worse, Haaretz, August 29, 2014
- ^ Aeyal Gross, Israel should drop binary view of gender, Haaretz, 16.09.13
- ^ "محكمة التمييز توافق على تغيير جنس مواطن اردني من ذكر الى انثى - دنيا الوطن" [The Court of Cassation agrees to change the gender of a Jordanian citizen from male to female]. alwatanvoice.com (in Arabic). 12 October 2014.
- ^ "Kuwait Law". ilga.org.
- ^ Sycamore, Maximilian (4 February 2018). "Lebanese gay couple not prosecuted under 'order of nature' law". washingtonblade.com.
- ^ "Lebanese judge grants trans man right to change gender". washingtonblade.com. 16 January 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
- ^ "Syria - GlobalGayz News Archive". archive.globalgayz.com.
- ^ Can, İ.Özgür; Demiroğlu, Zehra; Köker, Murat; Ulaş, Halis; Salaçin, Serpil (28 January 2011). "Legal Aspects of Gender Reassignment Surgery in Turkey". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. Sage Publishing. 18: 77–88. doi:10.1177/097152151001800104. S2CID 143761091.
- ^ Guzman, Chaveli (26 June 2018). "Nader Tabsh: From suppressing his sexuality to living unapologetically". The Oracle. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
- ^ a b "Report: 30 Gays Arrested at Dubai Party". MambaOnline - Gay South Africa online. 18 March 2012.
- ^ Bollinger, Alex (17 August 2019). "The 1975's lead singer kissed a man on stage in Dubai to protest anti-gay laws". LGBTQ Nation.
- ^ "United Arab Emirates - Executive Summary" (PDF). 2009-2017.state.gov. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ Woodcock, Zara (10 May 2020). "Matt Healy feels 'irresponsible' after kissing male fan at Dubai concert".
- ^ "Pride at ESUC". 2 June 2021.
- ^ a b Mendos, Lucas Ramón (2019). "State-Sponsored Homophobia 13 Edition" (PDF). ilga.org. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ Duffy, Nick (22 December 2015). "Judge blocks extradition of gay British man to UAE, where gays can face death penalty". PinkNews.
- ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld Together, Apart: Organizing around Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Worldwide". Refworld.
- ^ Douglas, Benji (14 September 2012). "Gays In The United Arab Emirates Face Flogging, Hormone Injections, Prison". queerty.com. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ Duffy, Nick (22 December 2015). "Judge blocks extradition of gay British man to UAE, where gays can face death penalty". pinknews.co.uk. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ "Sex-change surgery is now legal in the UAE". stepfeed.com. 6 September 2016.
- ^ "Sex reassignment surgery is now legal in the United Arab Emirates". gaystarnews.com. 8 September 2016.
- ^ "New law does not legalise sex change".
- ^ "Bangladesh government makes Hijra an official gender option - Wikinews, the free news source". Wikinews. 11 November 2013.
- ^ "2021 penal code" (PDF). www.nab.gov.bt. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ "India court legalises gay sex in landmark ruling". BBC News. 6 September 2018.
- ^ France-Presse, Agence (11 January 2019). "'Not acceptable': Indian army backs gay sex ban despite decriminalisation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "India: Supreme Court Recognizes Rights Of The LGBT Community". mondaq.com. 18 September 2018.
- ^ Mishra, Abhishek (10 February 2021). "Homosexuality not a ground to sack employee, rules Allahabad High Court". India Today.
- ^ a b "The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019". PRS Legislative Research.
- ^ Ghosh, Deepshikha (15 April 2014). "Transgenders are the 'third gender', rules Supreme Court". NDTV.
- ^ "Penal Code". law.upenn.edu. 2014. p. 75.
- ^ Michael K. Lavers (19 September 2015). "New Nepal constitution includes LGBT-specific protections". Washington blade. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ "SC orders equal benefits for transvestites". Archived from the original on 18 July 2009.
- ^ https://www1.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research%20&%20Publications/hiv_aids/rbap-hhd-2017-legal-gender-recognition.pdf
- ^ 王若翰 (20 June 2012). "变性人群体真实生态:唯学历证明无法修改性别" (Press release) (in Chinese (China)). 搜狐. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ "跨性别者手术后:历时半年终于修改学历 就业遭歧视". 搜狐. 23 December 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ "Cap. 290 Adoption Ordinance". Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "Foreign Affairs and National Defence" (PDF).
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Japan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2013.
- ^ Hassig, Ralph; Oh, Kongdan (2015). The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom (Second ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 126. ISBN 1442237198.
The second major stress on soldiers is their highly restricted social life. During their initial ten years of service they are not permitted to marry, which means that they are supposed to postpone sexual activity until their late twenties.
- ^ "Taiwan". glbtq.com.
- ^ "同性伴侶跨區註記7月3日開放". Up Media. 21 July 2017.
- ^ "Taiwan's top court rules in favour of same-sex marriage". The Guardian. 24 May 2017.
- ^ "Taiwan voters reject same-sex marriage in referendums". BBC News. 25 November 2018.
- ^ "Taiwan approves same-sex marriage in first for Asia". Channel News Asia. 17 May 2019.
- ^ "Gender reassignment rule to be changed - Taipei Times". www.taipeitimes.com.
- ^ "Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat (Aceh Religious Bylaw on Crimes" (PDF). Aceh Provincial Website. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ Robertson, Holly (3 April 2019). "Brunei enacts Islamic laws to punish gay sex with stoning to death — here's what you need to know". ABC News.
- ^ Article 52 of the Penal Code, p. 3
- ^ "Satpol PP Palembang, Ungkap Sering Temukan Pasangan LGBT, Tapi Sulit Ditindak". Sripoku.com. 6 February 2020.
- ^ Rongiyati, Sulasi (November 2015). "Surat Edaran Kapolri Tentang Ujaran Kebencian: Menjaga Kebebasan Berpendapat Dan Harmonisasi Kemajemukan" (PDF). Info Singkat. 7 (21): 1–4. ISSN 2088-2351.
- ^ a b Mosbergen, Dominique (12 October 2015). "Being LGBT In Southeast Asia: Stories Of Abuse, Survival And Tremendous Courage". Huffington Post. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
- ^ Chiam, Zhan; Duffy, Sandra; González Gil, Matilda (November 2016). "Trans Legal Mapping Report" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA). Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ a b "Philippines: Congress Approves Anti-Discrimination Bill". Iglhrc.org. 24 January 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ Myers, JoAnne (19 September 2013). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian and Gay Liberation Movements. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810874688 – via Google Books.
- ^ Lira Dalangin-Fernandez (30 June 2015). "Akbayan rep to file same-sex marriage bill in Congress". News5 - InterAksyon. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017.
- ^ "Adoption in the Philippines". Intercountry Adoption. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
- ^ "Pemberton guilty of homicide in Jennifer Laude case". Rappler. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ^ Luna, Franco. "Manila signs ordinance prohibiting gender discrimination". Philstar.com. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Passage of Cebu's anti-discrimination law lauded". Local News. Sun Star Publishing, Inc. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
- ^ Gamil, Jaymee T. (5 October 2014). "QC council approves pro-LGBT ordinance". INQUIRER.net.
- ^ Mellejor, Ayan C. (14 December 2012). "Davao council bans discrimination vs gays, minority, differently abled". inquirer.net.
- ^ "Same-sex marriage may come true under Thai junta - Prachatai English". www.prachatai.com.
- ^ Networks, Hornet (30 July 2018). "Thailand Could Actually Beat Taiwan to Legalizing Same-Sex Unions and Benefits". Hornet.
- ^ "The right to title change". Bangkok Post. 29 July 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
- ^ "Cặp đôi đồng tính có được nhận con nuôi không?". VnExpress. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
- ^ "Sex-change officially legalized for the Vietnamese people". thanhnien.vn. 24 November 2015.
- ^ Thông, Báo Giao. "Ảnh: Cộng đồng người chuyển giới vỡ òa trong ngày lịch sử - Báo Giao thông".
- ^ Perspective: what has the EU done for LGBT rights?, Café Babel, 17 May 2010
- ^ What is the current legal situation in the EU?, ILGA Europe[dead link]
- ^ "RIS – Eingetragene Partnerschaft-Gesetz – Bundesrecht konsolidiert, Fassung vom 17.08.2019". www.ris.bka.gv.at.
- ^ "Unterscheidung zwischen Ehe und eingetragener Partnerschaft verletzt Diskriminierungsverbot". Constitutional Court of Austria (in German). 5 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- ^ "Bundesgesetz, mit dem das Allgemeine Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch und das Bundesgesetz über die eingetragene Partnerschaft geändert wird" (PDF). parlament.gv.at (in German).
- ^ "Entschließungsantrag betreffend der Aufhebung des Adoptionsverbots für Homosexuelle" (PDF). parlament.gv.at.
- ^ "§ 144(2) ABGB (General Civil Code)". www.ris.bka.gv.at (in German).
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Portál veřejné správy". portal.gov.cz.
- ^ I registrovaní homosexuálové mohou adoptovat děti, rozhodl Ústavní soud. (in Czech) idnes.cz. Mladá fronta DNES. Published on 16 June 2016.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Trans Rights Europe Map, 2018.
- ^ "glbtq >> social sciences >> Berlin" (PDF). glbtq.com.
- ^ "LPartG – nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
- ^ "Gesetz zur Einführung des Rechts auf Eheschließung für Personen gleichen Geschlechts – 2. Ergänzung der Anwendungshinweise zur Umsetzung des vorgenannten Gesetzes".
- ^ a b Connolly, Kate (30 June 2017) German Parliament votes to legalise same-sex marriage in The Guardian.Retrieved 30 June 2017
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Antidiskriminierungsstelle – Publikationen – AGG in englischer Sprache". antidiskriminierungsstelle.de.
- ^ "TSG – nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
- ^ Kft, Wolters Kluwer Hungary. "2009. évi XXIX. törvény a bejegyzett élettársi kapcsolatról, az ezzel összefüggő, valamint az élettársi viszony igazolásának megkönnyítéséhez szükséges egyes törvények módosításáról – Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye". net.jogtar.hu.
- ^ "Folyamatban levő törvényjavaslatok – Országgyűlés". www.parlament.hu.
- ^ a b "Melegházasságról szóló törvényjavaslat landolt a magyar parlamentben" (in Hungarian). Index.hu. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "Fundamental Law of Hungary" (PDF). TASZ. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ^ Gorondi, Pablo (18 April 2011). "Hungary passes new conservative constitution". Reading Eagle. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ^ [4]
- ^ Wareham, Jamie (19 May 2020). "Transgender People In Hungary Lose Right To Gender Recognition". Forbes. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ "Gesetz über die eingetragene Partnerschaft gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare (Partnerschaftsgesetz; PartG)" (PDF). gesetze.li (in German).
- ^ Albrich, Sebastian. ""Ehe fur alle": Breite Zustimmung, jedoch nicht ohne offentliche Diskussion". Volksblatt (in German). Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^ "Art. 25 gekippt: Etappensieg für gleichgeschlechtliche Paare". Volksblatt (in German). 6 May 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "The Constitution of the Republic of Poland". Sejm RP. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
Marriage, being a union of a man and a woman, as well as the family, motherhood and parenthood, shall be placed under the protection and care of the Republic of Poland.
- ^ Judgment of the Supreme Court of 7 July 2004, II KK 176/04,
W dotychczasowym orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego, wypracowanym i ugruntowanym zarówno w okresie obowiązywania poprzedniego, jak i obecnego Kodeksu postępowania karnego, a także w doktrynie (por. wypowiedzi W. Woltera, A. Zolla, A. Wąska), pojęcie "wspólne pożycie" odnoszone jest wyłącznie do konkubinatu, a w szczególności do związku osób o różnej płci, odpowiadającego od strony faktycznej stosunkowi małżeństwa (którym w myśl art. 18 Konstytucji jest wyłącznie związek osób różnej płci). Tego rodzaju interpretację Sąd Najwyższy, orzekający w niniejszej sprawie, w pełni podziela i nie znajduje podstaw do uznania za przekonywujące tych wypowiedzi pojawiających się w piśmiennictwie, w których podejmowane są próby kwestionowania takiej interpretacji omawianego pojęcia i sprowadzania go wyłącznie do konkubinatu (M. Płachta, K. Łojewski, A.M. Liberkowski). Rozumiejąc bowiem dążenia do rozszerzającej interpretacji pojęcia "wspólne pożycie", użytego w art. 115 § 11 k.k., należy jednak wskazać na całkowity brak w tym względzie dostatecznie precyzyjnych kryteriów.
- ^ "Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 11 May 2005, K 18/04".
Polska Konstytucja określa bowiem małżeństwo jako związek wyłącznie kobiety i mężczyzny. A contrario nie dopuszcza więc związków jednopłciowych. [...] Małżeństwo (jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny) uzyskało w prawie krajowym RP odrębny status konstytucyjny zdeterminowany postanowieniami art. 18 Konstytucji. Zmiana tego statusu byłaby możliwa jedynie przy zachowaniu rygorów trybu zmiany Konstytucji, określonych w art. 235 tego aktu.
- ^ "Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 9 November 2010, SK 10/08".
W doktrynie prawa konstytucyjnego wskazuje się nadto, że jedyny element normatywny, dający się odkodować z art. 18 Konstytucji, to ustalenie zasady heteroseksualności małżeństwa.
- ^ "Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 25 October 2016, II GSK 866/15".
Ustawa o świadczeniach zdrowotnych finansowanych ze środków publicznych nie wyjaśnia, co prawda, kto jest małżonkiem. Pojęcie to zostało jednak dostatecznie i jasno określone we wspomnianym art. 18 Konstytucji RP, w którym jest mowa o małżeństwie jako o związku kobiety i mężczyzny. W piśmiennictwie podkreśla się, że art. 18 Konstytucji ustala zasadę heteroseksualności małżeństwa, będącą nie tyle zasadą ustroju, co normą prawną, która zakazuje ustawodawcy zwykłemu nadawania charakteru małżeństwa związkom pomiędzy osobami jednej płci (vide: L. Garlicki Komentarz do art. 18 Konstytucji, s. 2-3 [w:] Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Komentarz, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2003). Jest wobec tego oczywiste, że małżeństwem w świetle Konstytucji i co za tym idzie – w świetle polskiego prawa, może być i jest wyłącznie związek heteroseksualny, a więc w związku małżeńskim małżonkami nie mogą być osoby tej samej płci.
- ^ "Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 28 February 2018, II OSK 1112/16".
art. 18 Konstytucji RP, który definiuje małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny, a tym samym wynika z niego zasada nakazująca jako małżeństwo traktować w Polsce jedynie związek heteroseksualny.
- ^ *Gallo D; Paladini L; Pustorino P, eds. (2014). Same-Sex Couples before National, Supranational and International Jurisdictions. Berlin: Springer. p. 215. ISBN 978-3-642-35434-2.
the drafters of the 1997 Polish Constitution included a legal definition of a marriage as the union of a woman and a man in the text of the constitution in order to ensure that the introduction of same-sex marriage would not be passed without a constitutional amendment.
- Marek Safjan; Leszek Bosek, eds. (2016). Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1-86. Warszawa: C.H. Beck Wydawnictwo Polska. ISBN 9788325573652.
Z przeprowadzonej powyżej analizy prac nad Konstytucją RP wynika jednoznacznie, że zamieszczenie w art. 18 Konstytucji RP zwrotu definicyjnego "związek kobiety i mężczyzny" stanowiło reakcję na fakt pojawienia się w państwach obcych regulacji poddającej związki osób tej samej płci regulacji zbliżonej lub zbieżnej z instytucją małżeństwa. Uzupełniony tym zwrotem przepis konstytucyjny "miał pełnić rolę instrumentu zapobiegającego wprowadzeniu takiej regulacji do prawa polskiego" (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772). Innego motywu jego wprowadzenia do Konstytucji RP nie da się wskazać (szeroko w tym zakresie B. Banaszkiewicz, "Małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny", s. 640 i n.; zob. też Z. Strus, Znaczenie artykułu 18 Konstytucji, s. 236 i n.). Jak zauważa A. Mączyński istotą tej regulacji było normatywne przesądzenie nie tylko o niemożliwości unormowania w prawie polskim "małżeństw pomiędzy osobami tej samej płci", lecz również innych związków, które mimo tego, że nie zostałyby określone jako małżeństwo miałyby spełniać funkcje do niego podobną (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772; tenże, Konstytucyjne i międzynarodowe uwarunkowania, s. 91; podobnie L. Garlicki, Artykuł 18, w: Garlicki, Konstytucja, t. 3, uw. 4, s. 2, który zauważa, że w tym zakresie art. 18 nabiera "charakteru normy prawnej").
- Scherpe JM, ed. (2016). European Family Law Volume III: Family Law in a European Perspective Family. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-78536-304-7.
Constitutional bans on same-sex marriage are now applicable in ten European countries: Article 32, Belarus Constitution; Article 46 Bulgarian Constitution; Article L Hungarian Constitution, Article 110, Latvian Constitution; Article 38.3 Lithuanian Constitution; Article 48 Moldovan Constitution; Article 71 Montenegrin Constitution; Article 18 Polish Constitution; Article 62 Serbian Constitution; and Article 51 Ukrainian Constitution.
- Stewart J, Lloyd KC (2016). "Marriage Equality in Europe". Family Advocate. 38 (4): 37–40.
Article 18 of the Polish Constitution limits the institution of marriage to opposite-sex couples.
- Marek Safjan; Leszek Bosek, eds. (2016). Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1-86. Warszawa: C.H. Beck Wydawnictwo Polska. ISBN 9788325573652.
- ^ "IV SA/Wa 2618/18 – Wyrok WSA w Warszawie". 8 January 2019.
- ^ "Poland". travel.state.gov.
- ^ "Adopting in Slovakia". Community.
- ^ "Homophobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the EU Member States Part II: The Social Situation" (PDF). fra.europa.eu.
- ^ Petit Press a.s. "Law change criminalises homophobia". spectator.sme.sk.
- ^ "Zakon o registraciji istospolne partnerske skupnosti". uradni-list.si (in Slovenian).
- ^ "Zakon o partnerski zvezi". uradni-list.si (in Slovenian).
- ^ "First Adoption by Gay Partner of Child's Parent". www.sloveniatimes.com.
- ^ Weber, Nana (25 April 2013). "Sprememba spola v Sloveniji". Pravna Praksa (in Slovenian). GV Založba (16–17). ISSN 0352-0730.
- ^ Hirschfeld, Magnus (10 March 2018). The Homosexuality of Men and Women. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-61592-698-5 – via Google Books.
- ^ swissinfo.ch, S. W. I.; Corporation, a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting. "Homosexuals a step closer to equal rights". SWI swissinfo.ch.
- ^ swissinfo.ch, S. W. I.; Corporation, a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting. "Zurich grants gay couples more rights". SWI swissinfo.ch.
- ^ a b "Le pacs gagne du terrain".
- ^ "Bundesgesetz über die eingetragene Partnerschaft gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare". admin.ch (in German).
- ^ a b "Voters have last word on 'marriage for all' bill". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ fédéral, Le Conseil. "Le nouveau droit de l'adoption entrera en vigueur le 1er janvier 2018". www.admin.ch.
- ^ Schelhammer, Christoph R. "Diversité : « La société est tout sauf homogène. »". Swiss Army. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Switzerland votes in favour of LGBT protection bill". bbc.com.
- ^ "Débureaucratisation de la procédure de changement de sexe à l'état civil dès le 1er janvier 2022". admin.ch (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ "Referendum in Armenia brings constitutional reforms – ILGA-Europe". www.ilga-europe.org.
- ^ "Armenia Central Electoral Commission announces constitutional referendum final results". news.am.
- ^ "Armenia: Gays live with threats of violence, abuse". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "CONSTITUTION – MFA NKR". nkr.am.
- ^ Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, LL-M. "Belarus – Constitution". Servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ "Belarus: Attitude towards homosexuals and lesbians in Belarus; state protection available to non-heterosexuals in Belarus with special attention to Minsk (2000–2005)". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 17 January 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
- ^ "სსიპ "საქართველოს საკანონმდებლო მაცნე"".
- ^ "В Минобороны ответили на вопрос о сексуальных меньшинствах в армии". Tengrinews. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "The Constitution of Moldova" (PDF). The Government of Moldova. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
- ^ "Decizie istorică a CCR în privința căsătoriilor gay". Digi24. 18 July 2018.
- ^ "Deputatul PNL Ovidiu Raeţchi a depus un proiect de lege privind parteneriatul de viaţă, o versiune a parteneriatului civil". Digi24. 9 October 2020.
- ^ "Romania". travel.state.gov.
- ^ "ЗАКОН". pravo.pmr-online.com.
- ^ Legal Report: Ukraine, COWI (2010)
- ^ "Ukraine". travel.state.gov.
- ^ "Redirecting". fortruss.blogspot.ch.
- ^ "Ukraine's Parliament passes anti-discrimination law". www.ukrinform.net.
- ^ "Referendum in Armenia brings constitutional reforms - ILGA-Europe". www.ilga-europe.org.
- ^ "Armenia Central Electoral Commission announces constitutional referendum final results". news.am.
- ^ "Armenia: Gays live with threats of violence, abuse". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "CONSTITUTION - MFA NKR". nkr.am.
- ^ "Law of Georgia on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination". matsne.gov.ge.
- ^ "В Минобороны ответили на вопрос о сексуальных меньшинствах в армии". Tengrinews. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ Can, İ.Özgür; Demiroğlu, Zehra; Köker, Murat; Ulaş, Halis; Salaçin, Serpil (28 January 2011). "Legal Aspects of Gender Reassignment Surgery in Turkey". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. Sage Publishing. 18: 77–88. doi:10.1177/097152151001800104. S2CID 143761091.
- ^ "Registration form". retsinformation.dk.
- ^ "Gay marriage legalised". The Copenhagen Post. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Homoseksuelle fik ja til ægteskab – Jyllands-Posten.
- ^ "Lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab, lov om en børnefamilieydelse og lov om børnetilskud og forskudsvis udbetaling af børnebidrag – Udvidet adgang for registrerede partnere til adoption og overførsel af forældremyndighed m.v. - retsinformation.dk".
- ^ (in Danish) Retsinformation.dk Børneloven
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "MSN New Zealand – Latest News, Weather, Entertainment, Business, Sport, Technology". msn.co.nz.
- ^ (in Estonian) "Kooseluseadus". Riigikogu. 9 October 2014.
- ^ "Circuit court: Same-sex marriage cannot be considered valid in Estonia". ERR. 24 November 2017.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "FAROE ISLANDS SAY YES TO SAME-SEX MARRIAGE – LGBT". lgbt.fo.
- ^ "Gerðabók" (in Faroese). Løgting. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
- ^ "Gay News From 365Gay.com". 3 January 2007. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007.
- ^ "§ 266b".
- ^ "Holdningsskred i synet på homoseksuelle på Færøerne". Information.
- ^ Oy, Edita Publishing. "FINLEX ® - Uppdaterad lagstiftning: Lag om registrerat partnerskap 950/2001". www.finlex.fi.
- ^ "Finland president signs gay marriage law – couples will have to wait to get married until 2017". Gay Star News.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Ihmisoikeudet kuuluvat myös transsukupuolisille".
- ^ "Lög um breytingu á lagaákvæðum er varða réttarstöðu samkynhneigðra (sambúð, ættleiðingar, tæknifrjóvgun)". Alþingi.
- ^ "Lög um breytingar á hjúskaparlögum og fleiri lögum og um brottfall laga um staðfesta samvist (ein hjúskaparlög)". Alþingi.
- ^ "Iceland parliament votes for gay marriage". IceNews. 11 June 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
- ^ "New gay marriage law in Iceland comes into force". Icenews.is. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
- ^ [5][dead link]
- ^ (in Icelandic) Alþingi Barnalög
- ^ "Iceland adopts a new comprehensive law on trans issues".
- ^ "President Signs Anti-Gay Constitutional Amendment". UK Gay News. 21 December 2005. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ "Same Sex Adoption in Latvia". lvportals.lv.
- ^ Salem-Mackall, Theo (30 June 2015). "Pride in the Baltics: Making History in Latvia". Human rights first. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ "Rainbow Europe". rainbow-europe.org.
- ^ "Change of Name, Surname and Nationality". tm.gov.lv.
- ^ "Law on Registration of Civil Status Acts §37.2". likumi.lv.
- ^ "Gender Change in Latvia - Emilija's Story". www.lsm.lv.
- ^ "Seimas Approves the Proposal on "Cohabitation Agreements" as Alternative to Partnership Law – LGL". 31 May 2017.
- ^ "LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS KONSTITUCIJA". www3.lrs.lt.
- ^ "Lithuania". travel.state.gov.
- ^ [6]
- ^ (in Lithuanian) Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinis kodeksas (Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania
- ^ "Lov om endringer i ekteskapsloven, barnelova, adopsjonsloven, bioteknologiloven mv. (felles ekteskapslov for heterofile og homofile par) – Lovdata". lovdata.no.
- ^ "Norway Gay Marriage Bill Passes Final Hurdle". 365gay.com. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
- ^ "Norway passes law approving gay marriage". Los Angeles Times. 17 June 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ^ "Norway". travel.state.gov.
- ^ (in Nynorsk) Lovdata Barnelova
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Moore, Matt (11 November 2020). "Norway bans hate speech against trans and bisexual people". Gay Times. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020.
The amendments [...] changed the phrase “homosexual orientation” to “sexual orientation”
- ^ "Svensk författningssamling" (PDF). notisum.se.
- ^ "Gays Win Marriage Rights". Sveriges Radio English. 1 April 2009.
- ^ "Sweden". travel.state.gov.
- ^ (in Swedish) Sveriges Riksdag Föräldrabalk
- ^ Fia Sundevall & Alma Persson (2016) "LGBT in the Military: Policy Development in Sweden 1944–2014", Sexuality Research and Social Policy, June 2016, Volume 13, Issue 2, pp 119-129, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13178-015-0217-6/fulltext.html
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Sweden ends forced sterilization of trans". gaystarnews.com. 11 January 2003.
- ^ Criminal Code (Amendment) Ordinance 2000 (PDF)
- ^ Criminal Code (consolidated)
- ^ Civil Partnership (Armed Forces) Order 2005 (PDF)
- ^ Overseas Marriage (Armed Forces) Order 2014 (PDF)
- ^ Employment (Equality) Ordinance 2013 (PDF)
- ^ "Llei 4/2005, del 21 de febrer, qualificada de les unions estables de parella".
- ^ a b "Llei 34/2014, del 27 de novembre, qualificada de les unions civils i de modificació de la Llei qualificada del matrimoni, de 30 de juny de 1995" (PDF).
- ^ "Diari d'Andorra – Enllestida la llei d'unions civils amb el procés d'adopció dels matrimonis". diariandorra.ad.
- ^ RTVA, Andorra Difusió. "Demà entren en vigor lleis importants, com la d'unions civils o la 'regla d´or' Andorra Difusió". www.andorradifusio.ad.
- ^ "Data" (PDF). ilga-europe.org.
- ^ "Article 46(1), Bulgaria – Constitution". Retrieved 4 October 2009.
- ^ "Bulgaria". travel.state.gov.
- ^ "Bulgarian Parliament approves with 93-23 vote (and 23 abstentions) amendments to the Protection from Discrimination Act to include protection against discrimination of trans people". The Sofia Globe. 25 March 2015.
- ^ "Bulgarian Parliament Votes on Anti-Discrimination Law Amendments". Novinite.com. 25 March 2015.
- ^ "Anual Review 2018: Bulgaria" (PDF). ILGA Europe. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ "Trans Rights Index: Europe & Central Asia 2021" (PDF). TGEU. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ "Zakon o životnom partnerstvu osoba istog spola – Zakon.hr". www.zakon.hr.
- ^ (in Croatian) "Ustav Republike Hrvatske" (PDF). Ustavni sud Republike Hrvatske. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ^ "Odbijena žalba Ministarstva: istospolni parovi u Hrvatskoj mogu zajedno pristupiti procjeni za posvojitelje!". www.dugineobitelji.com. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ (in Croatian) "Zakon o suzbijanju diskriminacije". Narodne-novine.nn.hr. 21 July 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ (in Croatian)"Pravilnik o načinu prikupljanja medicinske dokumentacije te utvrđivanja uvjeta i pretpostavki za promjenu spola i drugom rodnom identitetu". Narodne-novine.nn.hr. 15 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ^ "CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ACT 2014" (PDF).
- ^ "Gibraltar unanimously legalizes marriage equality". 26 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Equal Opportunities Act 2006" (PDF). gibraltarlaws.gov.gi. 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
- ^ "ΝΟΜΟΣ 4356/2015 ΦΕΚ Α 181-2015 σελίδα 1". nomoi.info.
- ^ "Βουλή: Ο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ κατέθεσε πρόταση νόμου για το δικαίωμα των ομόφυλων ζευγαριών στον γάμο LiFO". 17 June 2022.
- ^ Greece allows same-sex couples to foster children
- ^ "Greece improves gender recognition law but misses chance to introduce self-determination". ILGA EUROPE. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
- ^ "Greece passes gender-change law opposed by Orthodox church". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
- ^ "Il presidente Mattarella ha firmato la legge sulle unioni civili". 20 May 2016.
- ^ "Same-sex marriages performed abroad won't be recognized in Italy". www.thelocal.it. 15 May 2018.
- ^ (in Italian) "Adozioni gay, la Corte d'Appello di Roma conferma: sì a due mamme". Corriere della Sera.
- ^ (in Italian)"Cassazione, via libera alla stepchild adoption in casi particolari". Repubblica.
- ^ (in Italian) "Legge 14 Aprile 1982, n. 164 (GU n. 106 del 19/04/1982) Norme in Materia di Rettificazione di Attribuzione di Sesso". Archived from the original on 23 May 2007.
- ^ "Court of Cassation judgment of 21 May 2015" (PDF).
- ^ "FAMILY LAW OF KOSOVO – Law Nr.2004/32". childhub.org.
- ^ "Adoption Laws in Kosovo: Unmarried persons". State portal of the Republic of Kosovo. Constitution of Kosovo.
- ^ "Adoption in Kosovo (Report) – Page 6". OSCE Mission in Kosovo.
- ^ "Kosovo Constitution". www.kushtetutakosoves.info.
- ^ "AN ACT to regulate civil unions and to provide for matters connected therewith or ancillary thereto".
- ^ "Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Bill". 22 November 2016.
- ^ "Zakon o životnom partnerstvu lica istog pola". Službeni list Crne Gore (in Montenegrin) (67/2020): 1-14. 7 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ "THE CONSTITUTION OF MONTENEGRO and THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF MONTENEGRO ADOPTED ON 19 OCTOBER 2007" (PDF). Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ "Information on the rights of minority groups in Montenegro" (PDF). Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ (in Portuguese) Law no. 7/2001, from 11 May (specifically Article 1, no. 1).
- ^ "AR altera lei das uniões de facto".
- ^ Law no. 9/2010, from 30th May.
- ^ "Lei 17/2016 de 20 de junho".
- ^ "Lei que alarga a procriação medicamente assistida publicada em Diário da República". tvi24. 20 June 2016.
- ^ "Todas as mulheres com acesso à PMA a 1 de Agosto". PÚBLICO.
- ^ "MEPs welcome new gender change law in Portugal; concerned about Lithuania – The European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights". www.lgbt-ep.eu.
- ^ First post-Mediaeval criminal code in the Principality of Serbia, named "Kaznitelni zakon" (Law of Penalties), adopted in 1860, punishes sexual intercourse "against the order of nature" between males with 6 months to 4 years imprisonment. V. Para # 206, p. 82 of the "Kaznitelni zakon 1860" in Slavo-Serbian orthography (PDF)
- ^ "Constitution of Serbia". Serbian Government. Retrieved 8 November 2006.
- ^ "Donet Pravilnik o načinu izdavanja i obrascu potvrde nadležne zdravstvene ustanove o promeni pola" (in Serbian). Gayten-LGBT. 30 December 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Galán, José Ignacio Pichardo. "Same-sex couples in Spain. Historical, contextual and symbolic factors" (PDF). Institut national d'études démographiques. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "Ley 1/2001, de 6 de abril, por la que se regulan las uniones de hecho". Noticias Juridicas. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
- ^ "Llei 18/2001 de 19 de desembre, de parelles estables" (in Catalan). Govern de les Illes Balears. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "LEY 4/2002, de 23 de mayo, de Parejas Estables" (PDF) (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "DECRETO 117/2002, de 24 de octubre, por el que se crea el Registro de Uniones de Hecho en Castilla y León y se regula su funcionamiento" (PDF) (in Spanish). Junta de Castilla y León. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "Ley de Cantabria 1/2005, de 16 de mayo, de Parejas de Hecho de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria" (in Spanish). Noticias Juridicas. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "Decreto 248/2007, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se crea y se regula el Registro de Parejas de Hecho de Galicia" (in Spanish). Noticias Juridicas. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "Decreto 30/2010, de 14 de mayo, por el que se crea el Registro de Parejas de Hecho de La Rioja" (in Spanish). El Gobierno de La Rioja. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "9L/PPL-0018 Asamblea Regional de Murcia". www.asambleamurcia.es.
- ^ "Murcia será en junio la última comunidad en regular por ley las parejas de hecho". La Verdad. 25 May 2018.
- ^ Reglamento regulador del Registro de Uniones de Hecho
- ^ "REGLAMENTO REGULADOR DEL REGISTRO DE PAREJAS DE HEC HO DE LA CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MELILLA" (PDF).
- ^ "Spain approves liberal gay marriage law". St. Petersburg Times. 1 July 2005. Retrieved 8 January 2007.
- ^ "Spain". travel.state.gov.
- ^ (in Spanish) Boletín Oficial del Estado Ley 14/2006, de 26 de mayo, sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida (see Article 7)
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "BOE.es – Documento BOE-A-2007-5585". www.boe.es.
- ^ "Legal Aspects of Gender Reassignment Surgery in Turkey: A Case Report". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 18 (1): 77–88. 28 January 2011. doi:10.1177/097152151001800104. S2CID 143761091.
- ^ "Gesetz zur Einführung des gesetzlichen Zusammenwohnens" (PDF).
- ^ "Belgium to follow Holland on gay marriage". RTÉ News. 29 November 2002.
- ^ "Belgium legalizes gay marriage". UPI. 31 January 2003.
- ^ "Belgium approves same-sex marriage". PlanetOut. 30 January 2003. Archived from the original on 28 February 2006.
- ^ "Belgium". travel.state.gov.
- ^ (in French and Dutch) Belgian Official Gazette Loi du 5 mai 2014 portant établissement de la filiation de la coparente, as amended by loi du 18 décembre 2014 modifiant le Code civil, le code de droit international privé, le Code consulaire, la loi du 5 mai 2014 portant établissement de la filiation de la coparente et la loi du 8 mai 2014 modifiant le Code civil en vue d’instaurer l’égalité de l’homme et de la femme dans le mode de transmission du nom à l’enfant et à l’adopté
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Loi du 25 juin 2017 réformant des régimes relatifs aux personnes transgenres en ce qui concerne la mention d'une modification de du sexe dans les actes de l'état civil et ses effets/Wet van 25 juni 2017 tot hervorming van regelingen inzake transgenders wat de vermelding van een aanpassing van de registratie van het geslacht in de akten van de burgerlijke stand en de gevolgen hiervan betreft" (PDF).
- ^ "Loi n° 99-944 du 15 novembre 1999 relative au pacte civil de solidarité Legifrance". www.legifrance.gouv.fr.
- ^ Erlanger, Steven (18 May 2013). "Hollande Signs French Gay Marriage Law". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ "France". travel.state.gov.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "France scraps transgender sterilisation". BBC News. 14 October 2016.
- ^ "Sexual Offences (Bailiwick of Guernsey) (Amendment) Law, 2011". guernseylegalresources.gg. 30 October 2012.
- ^ "JURIST – Homosexual Offenses and Human Rights in Guernsey". jurist.org.
- ^ "Data". gov.gg.
- ^ "Union civile, Green, marriage, Liberate « Guernsey Press". guernseypress.com.
- ^ PO Box 23, St Peter Port (13 March 2017). "The Same-Sex Marriage (Consequential and Miscellaneous Amendments and Contrary Provisions) (Guernsey) Ordinance, 2017". www.gov.gg. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
- ^ "Guernsey votes to legalise same-sex marriage". Gay Times Magazine. 22 September 2016.
- ^ "Sark becomes last place in British Isles to legalise same-sex marriage". gaytimes.co.uk.
- ^ "Guernsey law change allows same-sex couples to adopt". BBC News. 24 June 2015.
- ^ "The Children (Guernsey and Alderney) Law, 2008". Guernsey Legal Resources. 6 July 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "The Prevention of Discrimination (Enabling Provisions) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2004". Guernsey Legal Resources. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Legal Resources: Legal Resources Navigation List: Guernsey Law Reports 2007–08 GLR 161". guernseylegalresources.gg.
- ^ "Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010". irishstatutebook.ie.
- ^ "Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution (Marriage Equality) Bill 2015 (Number 5 of 2015) – Tithe an Oireachtais". www.oireachtas.ie. 21 January 2015.
- ^ "Unmarried gay and heterosexual couples can now adopt a child". Independent.ie.
- ^ "Gay adoption law due before same-sex marriage referendum". The Irish Times. 21 January 2015.
- ^ "FAQs". The Adoption Authority of Ireland.
- ^ "Data". rainbow-europe.org.
- ^ Gartl, Fiona. "Change sought to anomaly in adoption law". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Children and Family Relationships Act 2015" (PDF). oireachtas.ie.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Employment Equality Act, 1998". Irishstatutebook.ie. 18 June 1998. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ "Equal Status Act, 2000". Irishstatutebook.ie. 26 April 2000. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ "Prohibition of Incitement To Hatred Act, 1989". irishstatutebook.ie.
- ^ MacGuill, Dan. ""A historic moment" – Oireachtas signs off on gender recognition bill".
- ^ "Civil Partnership Act 2011" (PDF). legislation.gov.im.
- ^ "Same-sex Manx marriages can go ahead after Royal Assent". BBC. 19 July 2016. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Employment Act 2006" (PDF).
- ^ "Gender Recognition Act 2009" (PDF). legislation.gov.im.
- ^ "Gender recognition bill to provide protection to Isle of Man trans residents". PinkNews.
- ^ "Civil Partnership (Jersey) Law 2012" (PDF). jerseylaw.je.
- ^ "Orders approved and business transacted at the Privy Council held by the Queen of Buckingham Palace" (PDF). Privy Council. 23 May 2018.
- ^ "Superintendent Registrar's advice for same-sex marriage planning". www.gov.je.
- ^ "Draft" (PDF). statesassembly.gov.je.
- ^ "Gender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010" (PDF).
- ^ "Loi du 9 juillet 2004 relative aux effets légaux de certains partenariats. - Legilux". legilux.public.lu.
- ^ "Luxembourg Times – Archives – Same-sex marriages from January 1". www.wort.lu.
- ^ "An Error Occurred: Not Found". www.chronicle.lu.[dead link]
- ^ "Mémorial A n° 125 de 2014 – Legilux" (PDF). www.legilux.public.lu.
- ^ "Mémorial A n° 207 de 2006" (PDF). legilux.public.lu.
- ^ "Luxembourg makes status change for transgender people easier". Luxembourg Times. 27 July 2018.
- ^ Waaldijk, Kees. "Major legal consequences of marriage, cohabitation and registered partnership for different-sex and same-sex partners in the Netherlands" (PDF). INED. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ "Gay Marriage Goes Dutch". CBS News. Associated Press. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
- ^ "Travel.State.Gov"
- ^ (in Dutch) Staatsblad Wet van 25 november 2013 tot wijziging van Boek 1 van het Burgerlijk Wetboek in verband met het juridisch ouderschap van de vrouwelijke partner van de moeder anders dan door adoptie
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Veiligheid, Ministerie van Justitie en. "Prohibition of discrimination". www.government.nl.
- ^ Dutch Transgender Rights Bill Approved By Senate
- ^ "The Netherlands Passes Landmark Gender Identity Law". BuzzFeed News.
- ^ "Civil Partnership Act 2004". legislation.gov.uk.
- ^ a b "Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed". BBC News. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
- ^ Thomas, Ellen (20 September 2009). "New legislation sees gay Scottish couples win right to adopt children". The Herald. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
- ^ "United Kingdom". travel.state.gov.
- ^ legislation.gov.uk Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008: Cases in which woman to be other parent
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)". opsi.gov.uk.
- ^ Participation, Expert. "Public Order Act 1986". www.legislation.gov.uk.
- ^ "Relationships Act 2003". Tasmanian Legislation. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ "South Australia gays get new rights by Tony Grew (7 December 2006)". pinknews.com.au. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
- ^ Relationships Act 2008 (Vic)
- ^ "Massive support for register". Star Observer. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ Agius, Kym (1 December 2011). "Bligh asks ALP to support gay marriage". Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ "Civil Unions Bill 2011". ACT Government. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ Chang, Charis (8 December 2017). "Same-sex marriage is now legal in Australia". news.com.au. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ "Australia Ends a Prohibition On Homosexuals in Military". query.nytimes.com. 24 November 1992.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ a b "Sex Discrimination Amendment (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) Bill 2013". aph.gov.au.
- ^ "Trans forced divorce laws to stay for now". buzzfeed.com.
- ^ "Spouse the new word". news.com.au.
- ^ a b "Marriage equality Bill officially signed into law". gaynz.com. 19 April 2013.
- ^ Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ [7]
- ^ [8]
- ^ Chand, Shalveen (26 February 2010). "Same sex law decriminalised". Fiji Times. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
- ^ "NEW CALEDONIA CATCHES UP TO FRANCE". Star Observer. 9 June 2009.
- ^ Verheyen, Vincent. "Sexual orientation [LGBTQ+] and the draft of the new Solomon Islands Constitution". Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review regarding the protection of the rights of LGBTI persons in Vanuatu" (PDF). Kaleidoscope Human Rights Foundation and the VPride Foundation. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d "In 60 days, gays will be allowed to serve openly in the military". CNN. 23 July 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Beginning today, transgender individuals can join the US military". ABC News. 1 January 2018.
- ^ "cfsm.fm" (PDF). www.cfsm.fm.
- ^ "GENDER EQUALITY ACT, 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ^ "Nauru decriminalises homosexuality". 27 May 2016.
- ^ "Crimes Act 2016". ronlaw.gov.nr.
- ^ "CHAPTER 90-40 MARIANAS VISITORS AUTHORITY PERSONNEL REGULATIONS" (PDF).
- ^ "TITLE 10 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION" (PDF).
- ^ "Palau decriminalises sex between men".
- ^ "Sodomy Laws American Samoa". Sodomylaws.org. 28 March 2004. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
- ^ Sagapolutele, Fili. "gay marriage illegal in American Samoa". USNews. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- ^ "American Samoa". National Center for Transgender Equality.
- ^ "This island nation is set to decriminalise homosexuality". pinknews.co.uk. 3 August 2017.
- ^ "Employment Relations Act 2012" (PDF). intaff.whupi.com. 2012.
- ^ "LEY-20830 21-ABR-2015 MINISTERIO SECRETARIA GENERAL DE GOBIERNO - Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional". 21 April 2015.
- ^ (in Spanish) Claudio Ortiz Lazo. "Reflexiones en torno a la homosexualidad y fuerzas armadas". Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ^ Chile, C. N. N. "Histórico: Ejército admite por primera vez en sus filas a un hombre trans". CNN Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ "Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law". Jurist.org. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
- ^ "Chilean President Signs Transgender Rights Law". On Top Magazine.
- ^ "Criminal Law Code" (PDF). Niue Legislation 2019 Volume 1. p. 542.
- ^ "Pitcairn Island: Same Sex Marriage and Civil Partnership Ordinance 2015".
- ^ "Laws - PITCAIRN". gaylawnet.com.
- ^ "The Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010" (PDF). pitcairn.pn.
- ^ "Labour and Employment Relations Act 2013" (PDF). parliament.gov.ws.
- ^ "Crimes, Procedure and Evidence Rules 2003". PacLii. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- International Lesbian and Gay Association
- Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual: Law at Curlie
- Amnesty International USA: LGBT legal status around the world – interactive map
- Pride Legal – information by country
- Human Rights Watch on LGBT Rights
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission resource links – for researching legal information
- International Commission of Jurists, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Justice – A Comparative Law Casebook
- United Nations Human Rights Council, Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, an annual report
- The United Nations, Living Free and Equal: What States Are Doing to Tackle Violence and Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People, November 2016