티로트로핀 수용체(또는 TSH 수용체)는 갑상선 자극 호르몬('티로트로핀'이라고도 함)에 반응하고 티록신(T4)과 트리요오드티로닌(T3)의 생산을 자극하는 수용체(및 관련 단백질)이다.TSH 수용체는 G[5]단백질 결합수용체 슈퍼패밀리의 일원으로 G [6]단백질과s 결합된다.
그것은 주로 갑상선 상피 세포의 표면에서 발견되지만 지방 조직과 섬유아세포에서도 발견됩니다.후자는 그레이브스병 중 점액부종이 발견된 이유를 설명한다.또한 뇌하수체 전엽, 시상하부, 신장에서도 발현되는 것으로 밝혀졌다.뇌하수체 전부에 존재하는 것은 시상하부-하수체-갑상선 [7]축을 따라 티로트로핀의 파라크린 신호 피드백 억제를 매개하는 데 관여할 수 있다.
G-단백질 신호 캐스케이드는 순환 TSH 결합 시 아데닐환원효소 및 세포 내 cAMP 상승을 활성화한다.cAMP는 요오드펌핑, 티로글로불린 합성, 요오드화, 내구증 및 단백질 분해, 갑상선 과산화효소 활성 및 호르몬 방출을 포함한 갑상선 세포의 모든 기능적 측면을 활성화한다.TSR은 척추동물의 [8]계절 번식을 조절하는 데 관여한다.
Führer D, Wonerow P, Willgerodt H, Paschke R (Dec 1997). "Identification of a new thyrotropin receptor germline mutation (Leu629Phe) in a family with neonatal onset of autosomal dominant nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 82 (12): 4234–8. doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4405. PMID9398746.
Tonacchera M, Vitti P, De Servi M, Agretti P, De Marco G, Chiovato L, Pinchera A (2004). "Gain of function TSH receptor mutations and iodine deficiency: implications in iodine prophylaxis". Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 26 (2 Suppl): 2–6. PMID12762632.
Arturi F, Scarpelli D, Coco A, Sacco R, Bruno R, Filetti S, Russo D (Apr 2003). "Thyrotropin receptor mutations and thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas ten years after their first discovery: unresolved questions". Thyroid. 13 (4): 341–3. doi:10.1089/105072503321669811. PMID12804102.
Vaidya B, Campbell V, Tripp JH, Spyer G, Hattersley AT, Ellard S (Jun 2004). "Premature birth and low birth weight associated with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating thyrotropin receptor gene mutation". Clinical Endocrinology. 60 (6): 711–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02040.x. PMID15163335. S2CID43902851.
Takeshita A, Nagayama Y, Fujiyama K, Yokoyama N, Namba H, Yamashita S, Izumi M, Nagataki S (Nov 1992). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of an alternatively spliced form of the human thyrotropin receptor transcript". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 188 (3): 1214–9. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91360-3. PMID1445355.
Graves PN, Tomer Y, Davies TF (Sep 1992). "Cloning and sequencing of a 1.3 KB variant of human thyrotropin receptor mRNA lacking the transmembrane domain". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 187 (2): 1135–43. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91315-H. PMID1530609.
Murakami M, Mori M (Aug 1990). "Identification of immunogenic regions in human thyrotropin receptor for immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 171 (1): 512–8. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91423-P. PMID1697467.
Heldin NE, Gustavsson B, Westermark K, Westermark B (Dec 1991). "A somatic point mutation in a putative ligand binding domain of the TSH receptor in a patient with autoimmune hyperthyroidism". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 73 (6): 1374–6. doi:10.1210/jcem-73-6-1374. PMID1955520.
Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A, Vassart G, Mattei MG (1991). "Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q3 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 54 (1–2): 82–3. doi:10.1159/000132964. PMID2249482.
Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M, Sar S, Guiochon-Mantel A, Milgrom E (Jan 1990). "Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 166 (1): 394–403. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91958-U. PMID2302212.
Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapoport B (Dec 1989). "Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 165 (3): 1184–90. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92727-7. PMID2558651.
Libert F, Lefort A, Gerard C, Parmentier M, Perret J, Ludgate M, Dumont JE, Vassart G (Dec 1989). "Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 165 (3): 1250–5. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92736-8. PMID2610690.
Cuddihy RM, Bryant WP, Bahn RS (Aug 1995). "Normal function in vivo of a homozygotic polymorphism in the human thyrotropin receptor". Thyroid. 5 (4): 255–7. doi:10.1089/thy.1995.5.255. PMID7488864.
Sunthornthepvarakui T, Gottschalk ME, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S (Jan 1995). "Brief report: resistance to thyrotropin caused by mutations in the thyrotropin-receptor gene". The New England Journal of Medicine. 332 (3): 155–60. doi:10.1056/NEJM199501193320305. PMID7528344.