AKT2
AKT2
RAC-베타세린/스레오닌-단백질 키나아제라고도 알려진 AKT2는 인간에서 AKT2 유전자에 의해 암호화된 효소다.[5][6]인슐린 신호 전달 경로의 일부로서 대사물 저장에 영향을 미친다.[5]
함수
이 유전자는 SH2 유사(Src homology 2-like) 도메인을 포함하는 세린/트레오닌 키나제스의 AKT 하위 계열에 속하는 단백질을 인코딩하는 putive onceneine이다.암호화된 단백질은 알려진 여러 단백질을 인산화할 수 있는 일반적인 단백질 키나아제다.[7]
AKT2는 인슐린 신호 전달 경로의 일부로 글리코제네시스, 글루코네제네시스,[5] 포도당 전달을 제어하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다.
임상적 유의성
이 유전자는 8개의 난소암 세포 라인 중 2개와 15개의 1차 난소 종양 중 2개에서 증폭되고 과다압박되는 것으로 나타났다.과도한 압박은 인간 덕트 췌장암의 일부분에서 발생하는 악성 표현 유형의 원인이 된다.[7]
Akt2가 부족한 생쥐는 정상적인 체질량이지만 심오한 당뇨 표현형을 보여, Akt2가 인슐린 수용체 하류의 신호 전달에 핵심적인 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다.Akt2가 부족한 생쥐는 큰 T항원뿐만 아니라 신경 종양에 의해 시작된 유방암에서 더 나쁜 결과를 보여준다.[8]
상호작용
AKT2는 다음과 상호 작용하는 것으로 나타났다.
참조
- ^ a b c GRCh38: 앙상블 릴리스 89: ENSG00000105221 - 앙상블, 2017년 5월
- ^ a b c GRCm38: 앙상블 릴리스 89: ENSMUSG00000004056 - 앙상블, 2017년 5월
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c Tsoukas, Michael A.; Mantzoros, Christos S. (2016-01-01), Jameson, J. Larry; De Groot, Leslie J; de Kretser, David M.; Giudice, Linda C. (eds.), "Chapter 37 - Lipodystrophy Syndromes", Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (Seventh Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 648–661.e5, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00037-8, ISBN 978-0-323-18907-1, retrieved 2020-12-18
- ^ Cheng JQ, Godwin AK, Bellacosa A, Taguchi T, Franke TF, Hamilton TC, Tsichlis PN, Testa JR (November 1992). "AKT2, a putative oncogene encoding a member of a subfamily of protein-serine/threonine kinases, is amplified in human ovarian carcinomas". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89 (19): 9267–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.19.9267. PMC 50107. PMID 1409633.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2".
- ^ Heron-Milhavet L, Khouya N, Fernandez A, Lamb NJ (2011). "Akt1 and Akt2: differentiating the aktion". Histol. Histopathol. 26 (5): 651–62. PMID 21432781.
- ^ Mitsuuchi Y, Johnson SW, Sonoda G, Tanno S, Golemis EA, Testa JR (September 1999). "Identification of a chromosome 3p14.3-21.1 gene, APPL, encoding an adaptor molecule that interacts with the oncoprotein-serine/threonine kinase AKT2". Oncogene. 18 (35): 4891–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203080. PMID 10490823.
- ^ Yuan ZQ, Feldman RI, Sun M, Olashaw NE, Coppola D, Sussman GE, Shelley SA, Nicosia SV, Cheng JQ (August 2002). "Inhibition of JNK by cellular stress- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced AKT2 through activation of the NF kappa B pathway in human epithelial Cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (33): 29973–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203636200. PMID 12048203.
- ^ Figueroa C, Tarras S, Taylor J, Vojtek AB (November 2003). "Akt2 negatively regulates assembly of the POSH-MLK-JNK signaling complex". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (48): 47922–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307357200. PMID 14504284.
- ^ Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Noguchi M (February 2002). "Differential regulation of Akt kinase isoforms by the members of the TCL1 oncogene family". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3743–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107069200. PMID 11707444.
- ^ Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Sha M, Noguchi M (August 2000). "The protooncogene TCL1 is an Akt kinase coactivator". Mol. Cell. 6 (2): 395–407. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00039-3. PMID 10983986.
추가 읽기
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- Staal SP (1987). "Molecular cloning of the akt oncogene and its human homologues AKT1 and AKT2: amplification of AKT1 in a primary human gastric adenocarcinoma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (14): 5034–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.5034. PMC 305241. PMID 3037531.
- Cheng JQ, Ruggeri B, Klein WM, Sonoda G, Altomare DA, Watson DK, Testa JR (1996). "Amplification of AKT2 in human pancreatic cells and inhibition of AKT2 expression and tumorigenicity by antisense RNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (8): 3636–41. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3636. PMC 39663. PMID 8622988.
- Meier R, Alessi DR, Cron P, Andjelković M, Hemmings BA (1997). "Mitogenic activation, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of protein kinase Bbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (48): 30491–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.48.30491. PMID 9374542.
- Borgatti P, Zauli G, Colamussi ML, Gibellini D, Previati M, Cantley LL, Capitani S (1998). "Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein activates phosphatidylinositol 3- and Akt/PKB kinases in CD4+ T lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells". Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (11): 2805–11. doi:10.1002/eji.1830271110. PMID 9394803. S2CID 6303471.
- Walker KS, Deak M, Paterson A, Hudson K, Cohen P, Alessi DR (1998). "Activation of protein kinase B beta and gamma isoforms by insulin in vivo and by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 in vitro: comparison with protein kinase B alpha". Biochem. J. 331. ( Pt 1): 299–308. doi:10.1042/bj3310299. PMC 1219352. PMID 9512493.
- Joel PB, Smith J, Sturgill TW, Fisher TL, Blenis J, Lannigan DA (1998). "pp90rsk1 regulates estrogen receptor-mediated transcription through phosphorylation of Ser-167". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (4): 1978–84. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.4.1978. PMC 121427. PMID 9528769.
- Delcommenne M, Tan C, Gray V, Rue L, Woodgett J, Dedhar S (1998). "Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (19): 11211–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.19.11211. PMC 21621. PMID 9736715.
- Mitsuuchi Y, Johnson SW, Sonoda G, Tanno S, Golemis EA, Testa JR (1999). "Identification of a chromosome 3p14.3-21.1 gene, APPL, encoding an adaptor molecule that interacts with the oncoprotein-serine/threonine kinase AKT2". Oncogene. 18 (35): 4891–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203080. PMID 10490823.
- Masure S, Haefner B, Wesselink JJ, Hoefnagel E, Mortier E, Verhasselt P, Tuytelaars A, Gordon R, Richardson A (1999). "Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of the human serine/threonine kinase Akt-3". Eur. J. Biochem. 265 (1): 353–60. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00774.x. PMID 10491192.
- Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, Miller RJ (2000). "Expression of CX3CR1 chemokine receptors on neurons and their role in neuronal survival". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (14): 8075–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.090017497. PMC 16672. PMID 10869418.
- Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Sha M, Noguchi M (2000). "The protooncogene TCL1 is an Akt kinase coactivator". Mol. Cell. 6 (2): 395–407. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00039-3. PMID 10983986.
- Campbell RA, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Patel NM, Constantinidou D, Ali S, Nakshatri H (2001). "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-mediated activation of estrogen receptor alpha: a new model for anti-estrogen resistance". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (13): 9817–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M010840200. PMID 11139588.
- Zauli G, Milani D, Mirandola P, Mazzoni M, Secchiero P, Miscia S, Capitani S (2001). "HIV-1 Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterase pathway". FASEB J. 15 (2): 483–91. doi:10.1096/fj.00-0354com. PMID 11156964. S2CID 26315564.
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- Brownawell AM, Kops GJ, Macara IG, Burgering BM (2001). "Inhibition of nuclear import by protein kinase B (Akt) regulates the subcellular distribution and activity of the forkhead transcription factor AFX". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (10): 3534–46. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.10.3534-3546.2001. PMC 100275. PMID 11313479.
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외부 링크
- UCSC 게놈 브라우저의 인간 AKT2 게놈 위치 및 AKT2 유전자 세부 정보 페이지.
- PDB에서 UniProt: P31751(RAC-베타세린/스레오닌-단백질 키나제)에 대한 PDB의 모든 구조 정보 개요.
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