림프톡신 베타(Limpotoxin beta)는 TNF 계열의 제2종 막단백질이다.이단층 형성을 통해 림프독소-알파를 세포 표면에 고정시킨다.림프구 표면의 지배적인 형태는 림프톡신-알파 1/베타2 복합체(예: 1분자 알파/2분자 베타)이며, 이 복합체는 림프톡신-베타 수용체 1차 리간드다.경미한 복합체는 림프독소-알파2/베타 1. LTB는 염증반응계의 유도체로 림프조직의 정상발달에 관여한다.림프톡신-베타 이소포름 b는 림프톡신-알파가 림프톡신-알파와는 독립된 림프톡신-베타에 대한 함수를 제안하는 것으로 복잡할 수 없다.대체 스플라이싱은 여러 개의 대본 변형이 서로 다른 ISO 양식을 인코딩하는 결과를 낳는다.[7]
막 LT의 친투모 유전적 기능이 명확히 확립되어 있다: LTα 또는 LTβ의 과대압압을 받은 생쥐는 여러 암 모델에서 종양 성장과 전이가 증가하는 것을 보였다.그러나 이러한 연구들은 수용성 대 막 관련 LT의 효과를 구별할 수 없는 완전한 LTα 유전자 결핍을 가진 생쥐를 활용했다.[8]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Browning JL, Ngam-ek A, Lawton P, DeMarinis J, Tizard R, Chow EP, Hession C, O'Brine-Greco B, Foley SF, Ware CF (Mar 1993). "Lymphotoxin beta, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface". Cell. 72 (6): 847–56. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90574-A. PMID7916655. S2CID28961163.
^Browning JL, Androlewicz MJ, Ware CF (Aug 1991). "Lymphotoxin and an associated 33-kDa glycoprotein are expressed on the surface of an activated human T cell hybridoma". Journal of Immunology. 147 (4): 1230–7. PMID1714477.
^Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, Bourdon PR, Rennert PD, Majeau GR, Ambrose CM, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths DA, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin CD, Hochman PS (Oct 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology. 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID9317127.
^Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon PR, Ehrenfels BN, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia AM, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". Journal of Immunology. 154 (1): 33–46. PMID7995952.
Abraham LJ, Du DC, Zahedi K, Dawkins RL, Whitehead AS (1991). "Haplotypic polymorphisms of the TNFB gene". Immunogenetics. 33 (1): 50–3. doi:10.1007/BF00211695. PMID1671667. S2CID38756894.
Holzinger I, de Baey A, Messer G, Kick G, Zwierzina H, Weiss EH (1995). "Cloning and genomic characterization of LST1: a new gene in the human TNF region". Immunogenetics. 42 (5): 315–22. doi:10.1007/BF00179392. PMID7590964. S2CID19916860.
Peelman LJ, Chardon P, Nunes M, Renard C, Geffrotin C, Vaiman M, Van Zeveren A, Coppieters W, van de Weghe A, Bouquet Y (Mar 1995). "The BAT1 gene in the MHC encodes an evolutionarily conserved putative nuclear RNA helicase of the DEAD family". Genomics. 26 (2): 210–8. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80203-X. PMID7601445.
Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon PR, Ehrenfels BN, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia AM, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". Journal of Immunology. 154 (1): 33–46. PMID7995952.
Albertella MR, Campbell RD (May 1994). "Characterization of a novel gene in the human major histocompatibility complex that encodes a potential new member of the I kappa B family of proteins". Human Molecular Genetics. 3 (5): 793–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.5.793. PMID8081366.
Iris FJ, Bougueleret L, Prieur S, Caterina D, Primas G, Perrot V, Jurka J, Rodriguez-Tome P, Claverie JM, Dausset J (Feb 1993). "Dense Alu clustering and a potential new member of the NF kappa B family within a 90 kilobase HLA class III segment". Nature Genetics. 3 (2): 137–45. doi:10.1038/ng0293-137. PMID8499947. S2CID33041319.
Nakamura T, Tashiro K, Nazarea M, Nakano T, Sasayama S, Honjo T (Nov 1995). "The murine lymphotoxin-beta receptor cDNA: isolation by the signal sequence trap and chromosomal mapping". Genomics. 30 (2): 312–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9872. hdl:2433/202166. PMID8586432.
Utans U, Quist WC, McManus BM, Wilson JE, Arceci RJ, Wallace AF, Russell ME (May 1996). "Allograft inflammatory factory-1. A cytokine-responsive macrophage molecule expressed in transplanted human hearts". Transplantation. 61 (9): 1387–92. doi:10.1097/00007890-199605150-00018. PMID8629302.
Nalabolu SR, Shukla H, Nallur G, Parimoo S, Weissman SM (Jan 1996). "Genes in a 220-kb region spanning the TNF cluster in human MHC". Genomics. 31 (2): 215–22. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0034. PMID8824804.
Laham N, Van Dunné F, Abraham LJ, Farrugia W, Bendtzen K, Brennecke SP, Rice GE (Apr 1997). "Tumor necrosis factor-beta in human pregnancy and labor". Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 33 (1): 53–69. doi:10.1016/S0165-0378(97)01012-7. PMID9185077.
Warzocha K, Renard N, Charlot C, Bienvenu J, Coiffier B, Salles G (Sep 1997). "Identification of two lymphotoxin beta isoforms expressed in human lymphoid cell lines and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 238 (2): 273–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7277. PMID9299492.
Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, Bourdon PR, Rennert PD, Majeau GR, Ambrose CM, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths DA, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin CD, Hochman PS (Oct 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology. 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID9317127.
de Baey A, Fellerhoff B, Maier S, Martinozzi S, Weidle U, Weiss EH (Nov 1997). "Complex expression pattern of the TNF region gene LST1 through differential regulation, initiation, and alternative splicing". Genomics. 45 (3): 591–600. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4963. PMID9367684.
Shiina T, Tamiya G, Oka A, Yamagata T, Yamagata N, Kikkawa E, Goto K, Mizuki N, Watanabe K, Fukuzumi Y, Taguchi S, Sugawara C, Ono A, Chen L, Yamazaki M, Tashiro H, Ando A, Ikemura T, Kimura M, Inoko H (Feb 1998). "Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the 146-kilobase segment around the IkBL and MICA genes at the centromeric end of the HLA class I region". Genomics. 47 (3): 372–82. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5114. PMID9480751.
Neville MJ, Campbell RD (Apr 1999). "A new member of the Ig superfamily and a V-ATPase G subunit are among the predicted products of novel genes close to the TNF locus in the human MHC". Journal of Immunology. 162 (8): 4745–54. PMID10202016.
