Flight number
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In the aviation industry, a flight number or flight designator is a code for an airline service consisting of two-character airline designator and a 1 to 4 digit number.[1] For example, "BA 98" is a British Airways service from Toronto-Pearson to London-Heathrow. A service is called "direct" if it is covered by a single flight number, regardless of the number of stops or equipment changes. For example, "WN 417" flies from Jacksonville to Baltimore to Oakland to Los Angeles. A given flight segment may have multiple flight numbers on different airlines under a code-sharing agreement. Strictly speaking, the flight number is just the numerical part, but it is commonly used for the entire flight designator.
The flight designator of the operating carrier of a commercial flight is used as a call sign.[2] This is distinct from the aircraft's registration number, which identifies a specific airplane.
Conventions
A number of conventions have been developed for defining flight numbers, although these vary widely from airline to airline, and are increasingly being modified.[3] Eastbound and northbound flights are traditionally assigned even numbers, while westbound and southbound flights have odd numbers. Other airlines will use an odd number for an outbound flight and use the next even number for the reverse inbound flight. For destinations served by multiple flights per day, numbers tend to increase during the day. Hence, a flight from point A to point B might be flight 101 and the return flight from B to A would be 102, while the next pair of flights on the same route would usually be assigned codes 103 and 104.
3자리 미만의 비행 번호는 장거리 또는 다른 프리미엄 항공편에 할당되는 경우가 많다. 예를 들어, 1번 항공편은 종종 항공사의 "플래그쉽" 서비스에 사용된다(아래 '항공사별 1번 항공편 목록' 참조). 그러나 중국 본토에 있는 항공사의 경우 한 자릿수와 두 자릿수의 숫자가 관리 헌장용으로만 지정돼 있다. 게다가, 캐세이 퍼시픽은 화물 항공편의 경우 100개 미만의 항공편 번호를 할당한다.
3000-5999 범위의 네 자리 숫자는 일반적으로 지역 제휴 항공편을 나타내며, 6000보다 큰 숫자는 일반적으로 다른 항공사 또는 심지어 철도에 의해 운영되는 항공편의 코드쉐어 번호다.
마찬가지로, 9000편 이상의 항공편 번호는 보통 여객선 비행을 가리킨다. 여객선은 승객을 수송하지 않으며 새로운 상업 비행을 시작하기 위해 항공기를 정비 기지 또는 한 항공 여행 시장에서 다른 곳으로 이전하는 데 사용된다. 8번으로 시작하는 항공편 번호는 전세 항공편에 자주 사용되지만, 항상 상용 항공사의 선택에 따라 달라진다.
코드쉐어에서는 항공사가 다른 항공기와 항공기를 공유하여 항공편은 동일한 구역에서 두 개 이상의 비행 번호를 가지며, 결합 구역에서 동일하거나 다른 비행 번호를 갖는다.
가상의 예로서 QQ1234 항공편은 공항 AAA에서 BBB로, CCC로 비행할 수 있다. AAA-BBB 부문은 항공사 QQ가, BBB-CCC 부문은 항공사 RR가 다른 항공기에서 서비스할 수 있다. 또한 동일한 항공편을 RR3210으로 판매하고, 제3 항공사 SS에 의해 SS2345로 판매할 수 있다. 또한 개별 비행 다리의 비행 번호는 여러 개일 수 있다. AAA-BBB는 QQ12, RR23 및 SS45일 수 있다.
예를 들어 2018년[update] 6월 현재 알래스카 항공 AS61편은 주노(JNU)에서 야쿠타트(YAK)로, 코르도바(CDV)에서 앵커리지(ANC)로 운항하고 있다. 앵커리지로 가는 야쿠타트 구간의 티켓은 AS61 YAK-ANC로 지정된다. 주어진 비행편 번호가 같은 공항에서 시작하고 끝나는 순서를 커버하는 것도 가능하다.
항공사별 1번 항공편 목록
대부분의 항공편은 A에서 B까지 논스톱이며, A에서 B로 가는 항공편은 거의 없으며, C로 가는 항공편은 거의 없다(A-B와 B-C 모두 1편이다). 운영상의 필요에 따라 항공기 유형이 변경될 수 있다.
A notable former flight number 1 was British Airways flight BA1, operated by the Concorde between London Heathrow and New York's John F. Kennedy airport. After the retirement of Concorde in 2003 the flight number was retired with it, however in 2009 it was given to the all business class A318 flight between London City Airport and New York JFK via Shannon in Ireland. This route ceased operation in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and British Airways has since announced it will not be restarting the service.
Flight number changes
Flight numbers are often taken out of use after a crash or a serious incident. For example, following the crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, the airline changed the flight number for subsequent flights following the same route to MAH 318. Also, American Airlines Flight 77, which regularly flew from Dulles International Airport in Washington, DC, to Los Angeles International Airport, was changed to Flight 149 after it crashed into the Pentagon during the September 11 attacks. After the crash of Air France Flight 447, a regular scheduled flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris, was changed to Air France Flight 443. On the other hand, other considerations may lead an airline not to change a flight number; for instance, the aforementioned "flagship" American Airlines Flight 1 retains its designation despite a major accident in 1962 and two other accidents in 1941 and 1936. There are at least four instances of the same flight numbers that have suffered two serious accidents: Flight 253 of Linea Aeropostal Venezolana (both in 1956, the first in June, and the second in November), Flight 869 of United Arab Airlines (the first in 1962 and the second in 1963), Flight 800 of TWA (the first in 1964 and the second in 1996), and Flight 383 of American Airlines (the first in 1965 and the second in 2016). As of October 2019 the most recent flight number change due to an accident was from Aeroflot Flight 1492 to Aeroflot Flight 1316.[41]
Flight number conservation
Airline mega mergers, in markets such as the United States, have made it necessary to break conventional flight numbering schemes. Organizations such as IATA, ICAO, ARC, as well as CRS systems and the FAA's ATC systems limit flight numbers to four digits (0001 to 9999). The pool of available flight numbers has been outstripped by demand for them by emergent mega-carriers. As such, some carriers use the same flight number for back-and-forth flights (e.g., DCA-PBI-DCA), or in other cases carriers have assigned a single flight number to a multi-leg flight (e.g., ICT-DAL-HOU-MDW-OMA-DEN-ABQ-LAS-BDL).[42]
Flight designator
Although 'flight number' is the term used colloquially, the official term as defined in the Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM) published annually by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Schedules Information Standards Committee (SISC), is flight designator. Officially the term 'flight number' refers to the numeric part (up to four digits) of a flight code. For example, in the flight codes BA2490 and BA2491A, "2490" and "2491" are flight numbers. Even within the airline and airport industry, it is common to use the colloquial term rather than the official term.
Spacecraft
Flight numbers are also sometimes used for spacecraft, though a flight number for an expendable rocket (say, Ariane 5 Flight 501) might more reasonably be called the serial number of the vehicle used, since an expendable rocket can only be launched once. Space Shuttle missions used numbers with the STS prefix, for example, STS-93. SpaceX uses sequential numbers for flights of reused boosters. As an example, Crew-2 used booster B1061.2 (the second flight of booster B1061).
See also
References
- ^ IATA Passenger Glossary of Terms (15 June 2018) [www.iata.org/whatwedo/passenger/.../IATA-Passenger-Glossary-of-Terms.xlsx]
- ^ ICAO, "Glossary" [1]
- ^ Peter Newell, "Flight Numbering Alternatives", Ascend: A Magazine for Airline Executives, issue 2, 2014 [2]
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- ^ "Korean Air Lines Co. (KE) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
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- ^ "Qantas (QF) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
- ^ "Qatar Airways (QR) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
- ^ "SAS (SK) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
- ^ "Flight history for SAS flight SK1". Flightradar24. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
- ^ "Singapore Airlines (SQ) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
- ^ "Southwest (WN) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
- ^ "SpiceJet (SG) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
- ^ "Spirit Airlines 1". FlightAware. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ^ "Turkish Airlines (TK) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
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- ^ "Virgin Australia (VA) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
- ^ "WestJet (WS) #1 ✈ FlightAware". FlightAware. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
- ^ ""Аэрофлот" сменил номер московского рейса после катастрофы в Шереметьево". Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ^ "The Science behind Flight Numbers". southwestaircommunity.com. June 9, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2019.