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터키 시민에 대한 비자 요건

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens
터키 여권

터키 시민에 대한 비자 요건은 다른 국가의 당국이 터키 시민에게 부과하는 행정 입국 의무입니다.2022년 3월 16일 현재, 터키 시민들은 110개 국가와 지역에 도착 시 무비자 또는 비자를 가지고 있으며, 헨리 여권 [1]색인에 따르면 여행 자유도 면에서 터키 여권을 50위에 랭크시켰다.

이 표에는 관광 및 기타 방문 목적을 위한 일반 여권 소지자의 비자 요건이 나와 있지만, 업무, 언론 등의 입국을 의미하는 것은 아닙니다.아래 "비자 필요 없음"으로 표시된 대부분의 국가는 유효한 귀국 티켓, 확인된 숙박 준비를 위한 서류 및 자활을 위한 충분한 자금의 증거를 요청합니다.

비자 요건 맵

터키 일반 여권 소지자의 비자 요건
터키 공화국
무비자.우크라이나, 몰도바, 조지아, 아제르바이잔, 세르비아 및 TRNC 신분증 소지
도착 시 비자 발급
전자 인증 또는 eVisa
비자는 도착 시 또는 온라인으로 이용 가능
비자필수

비자 요건

나라 비자 요건 체재 허용 비고(출국료 제외)
아프가니스탄 비자필수[2]
알바니아 비자는 필요 없습니다[3]. 90일
알제리 비자필수[4]
안도라 비자는 필요 없습니다[5]. 90일
  • 이 나라에는 자체 공항이 없기 때문에 프랑스나 스페인에 먼저 도착해야 하며 이들 국가에 입국하려면 비자가 필요합니다.
앙골라 비자필수[6]
앤티가 바부다 비자는 필요 없습니다[7]. 180일
아르헨티나 비자는 필요 없습니다[8]. 90일
아르메니아 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[9] 120일
호주. 비자필수[10]
  • 온라인으로 신청 가능(온라인 방문자 e600 비자).[11]
오스트리아 비자필수[12]
아제르바이잔 비자는 필요 없습니다[13][14]. 90일
  • 유효한 신분증[15]
  • 15일 이상 투숙할 경우 호텔 밖에서 투숙하는 투숙객은 현지 경찰에 등록해야 합니다.
바하마 비자는 필요 없습니다[16]. 8개월
바레인 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[17] 14일
  • eVisa 신청 가능.
방글라데시 도착 시 비자[18] 30일
바베이도스 비자는 필요 없습니다[19]. 6개월
벨라루스 비자는 필요 없습니다[20]. 30일
벨기에 비자필수[21]
벨리즈 비자는 필요 없습니다[22]. 90일
베냉 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[23][24] 30일 / 8일
  • 국제 예방 접종 증명서가 있어야 합니다.
부탄 비자필수[25]
볼리비아 비자는 필요 없습니다[26]. 90일
보스니아 헤르체고비나 비자는 필요 없습니다[27]. 90일
  • 임의의 6개월 이내에 90일
보츠와나 비자는 필요 없습니다[28]. 90일
브라질 비자는 필요 없습니다[29]. 90일
브루나이 비자는 필요 없습니다[30]. 30일
불가리아 비자필수[31]
  • 크로아티아, 키프로스, 루마니아 또는 셴겐 [32]회원국에 유효한 비자를 소지하고 있는 경우에는 비자가 필요하지 않습니다.
부르키나파소 비자필수[33]
부룬디 비자필수[34]
캄보디아 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[35] 30일
  • 비자는 [36]온라인에서도 구할 수 있습니다.
카메룬 비자필수[37]
캐나다 비자필수[38]
카보베르데 도착 시 비자[39]
중앙아프리카 공화국 비자필수[40]
차드 비자필수[41]
칠리 비자는 필요 없습니다[42]. 90일
중국 비자필수[43]
콜롬비아 비자는 필요 없습니다[44]. 180일
  • 90일 - 1년간 최대 180일 체재 연장 가능
코모로 도착 시 비자[45] 45일
콩고 공화국 비자필수[46]
콩고 민주 공화국 비자필수[47]
코스타리카 비자는 필요 없습니다[48]. 90일
코트디부아르 eVisa[49] 3개월
  • eVisa 소지자는 Port Bouet Airport를 통해 도착해야 합니다.
크로아티아 비자필수[50]
  • 불가리아, 키프로스, 루마니아 또는 셴겐 [51]회원국에 유효한 비자를 소지하고 있는 경우에는 비자가 필요하지 않습니다.
쿠바 투어리스트 카드[52] 필요
키프로스 비자필수[53]
체코 공화국 비자필수[54]
덴마크 비자필수[55]
지부티 eVisa[56] 31일
도미니카 비자는 필요 없습니다[57]. 21일
도미니카 공화국 비자는 필요 없습니다[58]. 90일
에콰도르 비자는 필요 없습니다[59]. 90일
이집트 비자필수[60]
  • 10명 이상의 여행자 단체로 여행하는 경우에는 비자가 필요하지 않습니다.
  • 20세 미만 터키인 입국 시 비자 또는 EU 거주 허가.
엘살바도르 비자는 필요 없습니다[61]. 3개월
적도 기니 비자는 필요 없습니다[62]. 90일
에리트레아 비자필수[63]
에스토니아 비자필수[64]
에스와티니 비자는 필요 없습니다[65]. 30일
에티오피아 eVisa[66] 최장 90일
피지 비자는 필요 없습니다[67]. 4개월
핀란드 비자필수[68]
프랑스. 비자필수[69]
가봉 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[70] 90일
감비아 비자는 필요 없습니다[72]. 90일
조지아 주 비자는 필요 없습니다[73]. 360일[74]
독일. 비자필수[76]
가나 비자필수[77]
그리스 비자필수[78]
그레나다 비자필수[79]
과테말라 비자는 필요 없습니다[80]. 90일
기니 eVisa[81] 90일
기니비사우 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[82] 30일
가이아나 비자필수[83]
아이티 비자는 필요 없습니다[84]. 90일
온두라스 비자는 필요 없습니다[85]. 3개월
헝가리 비자필수[86]
아이슬란드 비자필수[87]
인도 비자필수[88]
인도네시아 비자는 필요 없습니다[89]. 30일
  • 입력 포트를 선택합니다.
이란 비자는 필요 없습니다[90]. 3개월
이라크 비자필수[91]
아일랜드 비자필수[92]
  • 무비자 [93]통과 가능.
  • 국가 비자는 2021년 10월까지 영국 C 비자 소지자들로 대체될 수 있습니다.공통 여행 지역으로의 첫 번째 진입 지점이 [94]영국에 있는 경우에만 출입이 허용됩니다.
이스라엘 비자필수[95]
  • 비자는 이스라엘 [95]공관에서 무료로 발급받을 수 있다.
이탈리아 비자필수[96]
자메이카 비자는 필요 없습니다[97]. 90일
일본. 비자는 필요 없습니다[98]. 90일
조던 비자는 필요 없습니다[99]. 3개월
카자흐스탄 비자는 필요 없습니다[100]. 30일
케냐 eVisa[101] 3개월
키리바시 비자필수[102]
북한 비자필수[103]
대한민국. 비자는 필요 없습니다[104]. 90일
쿠웨이트 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[105] 3개월
키르기스스탄 비자는 필요 없습니다[106]. 30일
라오스 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[107][108] 30일
라트비아 비자필수[109]
레바논 입국 시 복수[110] 입국 비자 3개월
  • 1개월 연장 가능
  • 이스라엘 비자 또는 인감이 없는 경우 베이루트 국제 공항 또는 기타 입국 항구에서 무료로 부여되며, 전화번호, 레바논 주소 및 환불되지 않는 왕복 항공권을 소지하고 있습니다.
레소토 eVisa[111][112]
라이베리아 비자필수[113]
리비아 비자필수[114]
  • 무비자 [114]도착 시 공항 여권 심사원의 승인이 필요합니다.
리히텐슈타인 비자필수[115]
리투아니아 비자필수[116]
룩셈부르크 비자필수[117]
마다가스카르. eVisa / 도착 시 비자[118] 90일
말라위 eVisa[119][120] 90일
말레이시아 비자는 필요 없습니다[121]. 3개월
몰디브 도착 시 비자[122] 30일
말리 비자필수[123]
몰타 비자필수[124]
마셜 제도 도착 시 비자[125] 90일
모리타니 도착 시 비자[126]
모리셔스 비자는 필요 없습니다[127]. 90일
멕시코 전자 승인[128] 시스템 180일
  • 캐나다, 일본, 미국, 영국 또는 [129]셴겐 회원국의 유효한 비자를 소지한 경우 180일 비자가 무료입니다.
미크로네시아 비자는 필요 없습니다[130]. 30일
몰도바 비자는 필요 없습니다[131]. 90일
모나코 비자필수[133]
몽골 비자는 필요 없습니다[134]. 30일
몬테네그로 비자는 필요 없습니다[135]. 90일
모로코 비자는 필요 없습니다[136]. 3개월
모잠비크 도착 시 비자[137] 30일
미얀마 eVisa[138] 28일
나미비아 도착 시 비자[139]
나우루 비자필수[140]
네팔 도착 시 비자[141] 90일
네덜란드 비자필수[142]
뉴질랜드 비자필수[143]
  • 호주 영주권 비자 또는 거주자 귀국 비자 소지자는 도착 시 뉴질랜드 영주권 비자를 발급받을 수 있으며(태스먼 횡단 여행 약정에 따라) 무기한 체류를 허용하며,[144] 출발 전에 전자 여행 기관을 획득해야 합니다.
니카라과 비자는 필요 없습니다[145]. 90일
니제르 비자필수[146]
나이지리아 비자필수[147]
북마케도니아 비자는 필요 없습니다[148]. 60일
노르웨이 비자필수[149]
오만 비자는 필요 없습니다[150]. 14일
파키스탄 전자 여행 허가[151]
  • 전자 여행 허가: 도착 시 관광 목적으로 [152]비자를 발급받습니다.
  • 비즈니스 목적으로 [153]입국 시 비자를 발급받기 위한 전자 여행 승인.
  • 온라인 비자가 [154]대상입니다.
팔라우 도착 시 비자[155] 30일
파나마 비자는 필요 없습니다[156]. 180일
파푸아뉴기니 비자필수[157]
파라과이 비자는 필요 없습니다[158]. 90일
페루 비자는 필요 없습니다[159][160]. 183일
필리핀 비자는 필요 없습니다[161][162]. 30일
폴란드 비자필수[163]
포르투갈 비자필수[164]
카타르 비자는 필요 없습니다[165]. 90일
루마니아 비자필수[166]
  • 불가리아, 크로아티아, 키프로스 또는 셴겐 [167]회원국에 유효한 비자를 소지하고 있는 경우에는 비자가 필요하지 않습니다.
러시아 eVisa[168] 16일
  • e-Visa 소지자는 29개의[169] 체크포인트를 통해 출입해야 합니다.
르완다 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[170] 30일
세인트키츠 네비스 비자는 필요 없습니다[171]. 3개월
세인트루시아 비자는 필요 없습니다[172]. 6주
세인트빈센트 그레나딘 비자는 필요 없습니다[173]. 1개월
사모아 도착 시 출입[174] 허가증 60일
산마리노 비자필수[175]
상투메프린시페 비자는 필요 없습니다[176]. 15일[177][178]
사우디아라비아 비자필수[179]
세네갈 도착 시 비자[180] 90일
세르비아 비자는 필요 없습니다[181]. 90일
세이셸 도착[183] 시 방문자 허가증 3개월
시에라리온 도착 시 비자[184]
싱가포르 비자는 필요 없습니다[185]. 30일
슬로바키아 비자필수[186]
슬로베니아 비자필수[184]
솔로몬 제도 비자필수[187]
소말리아 도착 시 비자[188] 30일
남아프리카 공화국 비자는 필요 없습니다[189]. 30일
남수단 전자[190] 비자
  • 온라인으로 입수 가능[191]
  • 여행[191] 시 인쇄된 비자 승인서를 제시해야 합니다.
스페인 비자필수[192]
스리랑카 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[193] 30일
수단 도착 시 비자[194] 1개월
  • 터키에서 직접 도착하는 경우에만요.
수리남 E-투어리스트 카드[195] 90일
  • 다중 엔트리 eVisa도 사용할 [196]수 있습니다.
스웨덴 비자필수[197]
스위스 비자필수[198]
시리아 비자필수[199][200][201][202]
타지키스탄 비자는 필요 없습니다[203]. 30일
  • 비자는 온라인으로도 이용 가능합니다.
  • E-visa 소지자는 모든 경계점을 [204]통해 입장할 수 있습니다.
탄자니아 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[205][206] 3개월
태국. 비자는 필요 없습니다[207]. 30일
  • 항공편으로 도착하지 않을 경우 연간 최대 2회 방문.
티모르-레스테 도착 시 비자[208] 30일
포장이요 도착 시 비자[209] 7일
통가 도착 시 비자[210] 31일
트리니다드 토바고 비자는 필요 없습니다[211]. 90일
튀니지 비자는 필요 없습니다[212]. 3개월
투르크메니스탄 비자필수[213]
투발루 도착 시 비자[214] 1개월
우간다 eVisa / 도착 시 비자[215] 3개월
  • 온라인으로 [216]신청할 수 있습니다.
우크라이나 비자는 필요 없습니다[217]. 90일
아랍에미리트 비자필수[219]
  • 온라인으로 [220]신청할 수 있습니다.
영국 비자필수[221]
미국 비자필수[223]
우루과이 비자는 필요 없습니다[224]. 90일
우즈베키스탄 Visa not required[225] 30 days
Vanuatu Visa not required[226] 30 days
Vatican City Visa required[227]
Venezuela Visa not required[228] 90 days
Vietnam Visa required[229]
Yemen Visa required[232]
Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[233] 90 days
Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[234] 3 months

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Africa
Asia
Caribbean and North Atlantic
  • Anguilla — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Canada, USA or United Kingdom visa.[257]
  • Aruba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[258]
  • Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[259]
  • Bermuda — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US, UK or Canada visa.[260]
  • British Virgin Islands — Visa not required - 30 days.[261]
  • Cayman Islands — Visa required. Possible to visit with US Green Card if arriving directly from USA.[262]
  • Colombia — Visitors arriving at San Andrés must buy tourist cards on arrival.[263]
  • Curacao — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit .[264]
  • Montserrat — Visa required - eVisa Application Possible. Possible to visit with a multiple entry EU Member State, Canada or USA visa.[265]
  • Greenland — Visa required.[266]
  • Venezuela Margarita Island — All visitors are fingerprinted.[267]
  • Puerto Rico — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa [268]
  • Saint Barthelemy — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[269]
  • Saint Martin — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[269]
  • Saint Pierre and Miquelon — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[269]
  • Sint Maarten — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[270]
  • Turks and Caicos Islands — Visa not required [271]
  • U.S. Virgin Islands — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa [272]
Europe
Oceania
South America
  • Bandera Provincia Galápagos.svg Galápagos — Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[314]
South Atlantic and Antarctica

Non-ordinary passports

In addition to countries that provide visa-free access to all Turkish passport holders, holders of diplomatic or service Turkish passports have visa-free access to the following additional countries:

Type of passport Visa-free access
Diplomatic passports only Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burundi, Chad, Ghana, Guinea, India, Liberia, Mali, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria, Uganda, United Kingdom, Zimbabwe
Diplomatic, special and service passports Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kuwait, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malta, Mauritania, Monaco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands (including the Caribbean), Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,[334] Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Vatican City, Vietnam, Yemen

Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Cambodia and South Sudan allow holders of diplomatic, official, service and special passports issued to nationals of any country to obtain a visa on arrival. Yemen allows holders of diplomatic and service passports of Turkey to obtain a visa on arrival.

Some of the countries that exempt Turkish citizens from visa requirement offer longer period of stay or more beneficial terms to diplomatic or service passport holders than to the ordinary passport holders.

Consular protection of Turkish citizens abroad

Map of countries with Turkish representations

There are 142 resident embassies, 89 consulates and Total of 235 states that recognise Turkey.

See also List of diplomatic missions of Turkey.

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit history)


Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[335] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever
Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic

Many African countries, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Togo, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[336] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[337]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[338][339]

An increasing number of countries have been imposing additional COVID-19 related health restrictions such as quarantine measures and testing requirements. Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.[340]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a passport valid on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card - especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[341][342] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[343]

Some countries, such as Japan,[344] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[345] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[346] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[347] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru.[348] Philippines,[349] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[350]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[351] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[352] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[353]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[354] Lebanon,[355] Libya,[356] Syria,[357] and Yemen[358] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Main articles: Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan, Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to the state of war between Armenia and Azerbaijan in 2020,[359][360][361] Armenian citizens and other foreign nationals of Armenian descent are likely to encounter difficulties when attempting to enter the Republic of Azerbaijan.[362][363][364]

Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[364] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[365] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[366] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics
A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[367]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[368][369] Argentina,[370] Brunei, Cambodia,[371] China,[372] Ethiopia,[373] Ghana, Guinea,[374] India, Japan,[375][376] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[377] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[378] Mongolia, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[379] Singapore, South Korea,[380] Taiwan, Thailand,[381] Uganda,[382] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[383][384][385] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[386]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[387] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[388][389] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[390] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[391][392]


See also

References and Notes

References
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  385. ^ LIPTON, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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  389. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
  390. ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Unlike with documents, it’s very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That’s why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else’s passport.
  391. ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers’ eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  392. ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
Notes