VAMP2

VAMP2
사용 가능한 구조
PDB	Ortholog 검색: PDBe RCSB
PDB ID 코드 목록
	3FIE, 3FII, 3RK2, 3RK3, 3RL0
식별자
에일리어스	VAMP2, SYB2, VAMP-2, 소포관련막단백질2, NEDHAHM
외부 ID	OMIM : 185881 MGI : 1313277 HomoloGene : 7591 GenCard : VAMP2
유전자 위치(인간)
크르.	17번 염색체(인간)
끝.	8,540,546 bp
유전자 위치(마우스)
크르.	11번 염색체(쥐)
끝.	68,983,210 bp
RNA발현패턴
	상단 표시 위치:
	브로드만 10구역; ; 전두극; ; 대상회; ; 편도체; ; 핵액컴벤스; ; 뇌하수체 전엽; ; 중전두회; ; 소뇌충; ; 배측 전전두피질; ; 시상하부;
	추가 참조 표현식 데이터
	; ; ; ;
	추가 참조 표현식 데이터
유전자 존재론
분자 함수	SNAP 수용체 활성; 단백질 자기 연관성; GO:0001948 단백질 결합; 구문in-1 바인딩; SNARE 바인딩; 칼모듈린 결합; 구문 결합; 인지질 결합; 칼슘의존성 단백질결합;
셀룰러 컴포넌트	막의 적분 성분; 세포; 클라트린 분해 모노아민 수송 소포막; 막; 분비 과립막; 혈장막; 클라트린 분해 감마-아미노낙산수송포막; 시냅스; 혈장막의 적분 성분; 시냅스 소포막; 자이모겐과립막; 세포 접합; 뉴런 투영; GO:0016023 세포질 소포; 클라트린 소포; 클라트린 자극성 글루탐산수송포막; 분비 과립; 세포막내소기관; synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I 복합체; synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a 복합체; SNARE 콤플렉스; 시냅토브레빈 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II 복합체; 전압 게이트 칼륨 채널 복합체; 골기 횡단망; 시냅스 소포; 베시클; 세포질핵주위영역; 뉴런투영종단; 클라트린소포막;
생물학적 과정	자연 킬러 세포 탈과립; 점액 분비; 비만세포에 의한 히스타민 분비 조절; 호중구 탈과립; 글루탐산염 분비; 소포 융합; 호산구 탈과립; 소포체 수송; 세포외부증; 포도당에 대한 반응; 막융합; 지연정류칼륨채널활성조절; 칼슘이온조절세포외증; 세포외 조절; 세포내 단백질 수송의 양성 조절; 단백질 수송; 골지-플라즈마막 단백질 수송; 시냅스성 소포 외세포증; 인슐린 자극에 대한 세포 반응; 장기 시냅스 증강; 소낭-소체 수송 조절; 막구성; 단백질 함유 복합체 조립체; 골기 후 소포 매개 수송; GO:0010554 신경전달물질 분비;
	출처:아미고 / QuickGO
맞춤법
	6844
	22318
	ENSG00000220205
	ENSMUSG000020894
	P63027
	P63044
	NM_014232; NM_001330125
	NM_009497
	NP_001317054; NP_055047
	NP_033523
	위키데이터
인간 보기/편집	마우스 표시/편집

신경전달물질 방출을 위한 SNARE 복합조립체에서의 VAMP2 구성 및 결합 가설 모델

소포관련막단백질2(VAMP2)는 VAMP2유전자에 ^[5]^[6]의해 인간에게 암호화되는 단백질이다.

기능.

시냅토브레빈/VAMPs, 신트신 및 25-kD 시냅토솜 관련 단백질 SNAP25는 시냅스 전막과의 도킹 및/또는 융합에 관여하는 단백질 복합체의 주요 성분이다.VAMP2는 소포관련막단백질(VAMP)/시냅토브레빈 계열의 구성원이다.VAMP2는 도킹과 융합 사이의 단계에서 신경전달물질 방출에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다.기능성 시냅토브레빈2/VAMP2 유전자가 없는 생쥐는 출생 후 생존할 수 없으며 시냅스 전달이 극적으로 감소하여 ^[7]약 10%의 통제력을 가진다.단백질은 신트랜신, 시냅토좀 관련 단백질, 25kD 및 콤플렉신과 함께 안정적인 복합체를 형성한다.또한 시냅토피신과 ^[6]뚜렷한 콤플렉스를 형성합니다.

임상적 의의

VAMP2의 헤테로 접합 돌연변이는 저혈압과 자폐적 특징을 가진 신경 발달 장애를 일으킨다.^[8]^[9]^[10]

상호 작용

VAMP2는 다음과 상호작용하는 것으로 나타났습니다.

RABAC1,^[11]
SNAP-25,^[12]^[13]^[14]
SNAP23,^[15]^[16]^[17]
STX1A ^[13]^[14]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]및
STX4.^[15]^[22]^[23]^[24]

레퍼런스

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: 앙상블 릴리즈 89: ENSG00000220205 - 앙상블, 2017년 5월
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: 앙상블 릴리즈 89: ENSMUSG000020894 - 앙상블, 2017년 5월
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Archer BT, Ozçelik T, Jahn R, Francke U, Südhof TC (Oct 1990). "Structures and chromosomal localizations of two human genes encoding synaptobrevins 1 and 2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (28): 17267–73. PMID 1976629.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: VAMP2 vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin 2)".
^ Schoch S, Deák F, Königstorfer A, Mozhayeva M, Sara Y, Südhof TC, Kavalali ET (Nov 2001). "SNARE function analyzed in synaptobrevin/VAMP knockout mice". Science. 294 (5544): 1117–22. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.1117S. doi:10.1126/science.1064335. PMID 11691998. S2CID 40321111.
^ Salpietro V, Malintan NT, Llano-Rivas I, et al. (Apr 2019). "Mutations in the Neuronal Vesicular SNARE VAMP2 Affect Synaptic Membrane Fusion and Impair Human Neurodevelopment". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 104 (4): 721‐730. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.02.016. PMC 6451933. PMID 30929742.
^ Sunaga Y, Muramatsu K, Kosaki K, et al. (Apr 2020). "Variant in the neuronal vesicular SNARE VAMP2 (synaptobrevin-2): First report in Japan". Brain and Development. 42 (7): 529–533. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2020.04.001. PMID 32336483. S2CID 216095891.
^ "OMIM entry: Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and autistic features with or without hyperkinetic movements".
^ Martincic I, Peralta ME, Ngsee JK (Oct 1997). "Isolation and characterization of a dual prenylated Rab and VAMP2 receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (43): 26991–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.43.26991. PMID 9341137.
^ Li Y, Chin LS, Weigel C, Li L (Nov 2001). "Spring, a novel RING finger protein that regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (44): 40824–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106141200. PMID 11524423.
^ ^a ^b Hao JC, Salem N, Peng XR, Kelly RB, Bennett MK (Mar 1997). "Effect of mutations in vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) on the assembly of multimeric protein complexes". The Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (5): 1596–603. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-05-01596.1997. PMC 6573372. PMID 9030619.
^ ^a ^b Chen X, Tomchick DR, Kovrigin E, Araç D, Machius M, Südhof TC, Rizo J (Jan 2002). "Three-dimensional structure of the complexin/SNARE complex". Neuron. 33 (3): 397–409. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00583-4. PMID 11832227. S2CID 17878965.
^ ^a ^b Paumet F, Le Mao J, Martin S, Galli T, David B, Blank U, Roa M (Jun 2000). "Soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in RBL-2H3 mast cells: functional role of syntaxin 4 in exocytosis and identification of a vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-containing secretory compartment". Journal of Immunology. 164 (11): 5850–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5850. PMID 10820264.
^ Imai A, Nashida T, Yoshie S, Shimomura H (Aug 2003). "Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane". Archives of Oral Biology. 48 (8): 597–604. doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(03)00116-x. PMID 12828989.
^ Kawanishi M, Tamori Y, Okazawa H, Araki S, Shinoda H, Kasuga M (Mar 2000). "Role of SNAP23 in insulin-induced translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mediation of complex formation between syntaxin4 and VAMP2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (11): 8240–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8240. PMID 10713150.
^ Dulubova I, Sugita S, Hill S, Hosaka M, Fernandez I, Südhof TC, Rizo J (Aug 1999). "A conformational switch in syntaxin during exocytosis: role of munc18". The EMBO Journal. 18 (16): 4372–82. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.16.4372. PMC 1171512. PMID 10449403.
^ McMahon HT, Missler M, Li C, Südhof TC (Oct 1995). "Complexins: cytosolic proteins that regulate SNAP receptor function". Cell. 83 (1): 111–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90239-2. PMID 7553862. S2CID 675343.
^ Pérez-Brangulí F, Muhaisen A, Blasi J (Jun 2002). "Munc 18a binding to syntaxin 1A and 1B isoforms defines its localization at the plasma membrane and blocks SNARE assembly in a three-hybrid system assay". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 20 (2): 169–80. doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1122. PMID 12093152. S2CID 23927545.
^ Margittai M, Otto H, Jahn R (Mar 1999). "A stable interaction between syntaxin 1a and synaptobrevin 2 mediated by their transmembrane domains". FEBS Letters. 446 (1): 40–4. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00028-9. PMID 10100611. S2CID 9115709.
^ Mollinedo F, Martín-Martín B, Calafat J, Nabokina SM, Lazo PA (Jan 2003). "Role of vesicle-associated membrane protein-2, through Q-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor/R-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor interaction, in the exocytosis of specific and tertiary granules of human neutrophils". Journal of Immunology. 170 (2): 1034–42. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.1034. PMID 12517971.
^ Jagadish MN, Fernandez CS, Hewish DR, Macaulay SL, Gough KH, Grusovin J, Verkuylen A, Cosgrove L, Alafaci A, Frenkel MJ, Ward CW (Aug 1996). "Insulin-responsive tissues contain the core complex protein SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) A and B isoforms in addition to syntaxin 4 and synaptobrevins 1 and 2". The Biochemical Journal. 317. 317 (3): 945–54. doi:10.1042/bj3170945. PMC 1217577. PMID 8760387.
^ Reed GL, Houng AK, Fitzgerald ML (Apr 1999). "Human platelets contain SNARE proteins and a Sec1p homologue that interacts with syntaxin 4 and is phosphorylated after thrombin activation: implications for platelet secretion". Blood. 93 (8): 2617–26. doi:10.1182/blood.V93.8.2617. PMID 10194441.

추가 정보

Brumell JH, Volchuk A, Sengelov H, Borregaard N, Cieutat AM, Bainton DF, Grinstein S, Klip A (Dec 1995). "Subcellular distribution of docking/fusion proteins in neutrophils, secretory cells with multiple exocytic compartments". Journal of Immunology. 155 (12): 5750–9. PMID 7499863.
Kutay U, Ahnert-Hilger G, Hartmann E, Wiedenmann B, Rapoport TA (Jan 1995). "Transport route for synaptobrevin via a novel pathway of insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane". The EMBO Journal. 14 (2): 217–23. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06994.x. PMC 398073. PMID 7835332.
Chapman ER, An S, Barton N, Jahn R (Nov 1994). "SNAP-25, a t-SNARE which binds to both syntaxin and synaptobrevin via domains that may form coiled coils". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (44): 27427–32. PMID 7961655.
Hunt JM, Bommert K, Charlton MP, Kistner A, Habermann E, Augustine GJ, Betz H (Jun 1994). "A post-docking role for synaptobrevin in synaptic vesicle fusion". Neuron. 12 (6): 1269–79. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90443-X. PMID 8011337. S2CID 799315.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Jagadish MN, Fernandez CS, Hewish DR, Macaulay SL, Gough KH, Grusovin J, Verkuylen A, Cosgrove L, Alafaci A, Frenkel MJ, Ward CW (Aug 1996). "Insulin-responsive tissues contain the core complex protein SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) A and B isoforms in addition to syntaxin 4 and synaptobrevins 1 and 2". The Biochemical Journal. 317. 317 (3): 945–54. doi:10.1042/bj3170945. PMC 1217577. PMID 8760387.
Mandon B, Chou CL, Nielsen S, Knepper MA (Aug 1996). "Syntaxin-4 is localized to the apical plasma membrane of rat renal collecting duct cells: possible role in aquaporin-2 trafficking". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 98 (4): 906–13. doi:10.1172/JCI118873. PMC 507504. PMID 8770861.
Timmers KI, Clark AE, Omatsu-Kanbe M, Whiteheart SW, Bennett MK, Holman GD, Cushman SW (Dec 1996). "Identification of SNAP receptors in rat adipose cell membrane fractions and in SNARE complexes co-immunoprecipitated with epitope-tagged N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein". The Biochemical Journal. 320. 320 (2): 429–36. doi:10.1042/bj3200429. PMC 1217948. PMID 8973549.
Betz A, Okamoto M, Benseler F, Brose N (Jan 1997). "Direct interaction of the rat unc-13 homologue Munc13-1 with the N terminus of syntaxin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (4): 2520–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.4.2520. PMID 8999968.
Hao JC, Salem N, Peng XR, Kelly RB, Bennett MK (Mar 1997). "Effect of mutations in vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) on the assembly of multimeric protein complexes". The Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (5): 1596–603. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-05-01596.1997. PMC 6573372. PMID 9030619.
Martincic I, Peralta ME, Ngsee JK (Oct 1997). "Isolation and characterization of a dual prenylated Rab and VAMP2 receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (43): 26991–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.43.26991. PMID 9341137.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Weir ML, Klip A, Trimble WS (Jul 1998). "Identification of a human homologue of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein of 33 kDa (VAP-33): a broadly expressed protein that binds to VAMP". The Biochemical Journal. 333. 333 (2): 247–51. doi:10.1042/bj3330247. PMC 1219579. PMID 9657962.
Isenmann S, Khew-Goodall Y, Gamble J, Vadas M, Wattenberg BW (Jul 1998). "A splice-isoform of vesicle-associated membrane protein-1 (VAMP-1) contains a mitochondrial targeting signal". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 9 (7): 1649–60. doi:10.1091/mbc.9.7.1649. PMC 25402. PMID 9658161.
Prekeris R, Klumperman J, Chen YA, Scheller RH (Nov 1998). "Syntaxin 13 mediates cycling of plasma membrane proteins via tubulovesicular recycling endosomes". The Journal of Cell Biology. 143 (4): 957–71. doi:10.1083/jcb.143.4.957. PMC 2132958. PMID 9817754.
Nishimura Y, Hayashi M, Inada H, Tanaka T (Jan 1999). "Molecular cloning and characterization of mammalian homologues of vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated (VAMP-associated) proteins". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 254 (1): 21–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9876. PMID 9920726.
Valdez AC, Cabaniols JP, Brown MJ, Roche PA (Mar 1999). "Syntaxin 11 is associated with SNAP-23 on late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network". Journal of Cell Science. 112. 112 (6): 845–54. PMID 10036234.
Margittai M, Otto H, Jahn R (Mar 1999). "A stable interaction between syntaxin 1a and synaptobrevin 2 mediated by their transmembrane domains". FEBS Letters. 446 (1): 40–4. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00028-9. PMID 10100611. S2CID 9115709.
Fasshauer D, Antonin W, Margittai M, Pabst S, Jahn R (May 1999). "Mixed and non-cognate SNARE complexes. Characterization of assembly and biophysical properties". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (22): 15440–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.22.15440. PMID 10336434.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: 앙상블 릴리즈 89: ENSG00000220205 - 앙상블, 2017년 5월

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: 앙상블 릴리즈 89: ENSMUSG000020894 - 앙상블, 2017년 5월

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1976629-5] Archer BT, Ozçelik T, Jahn R, Francke U, Südhof TC (Oct 1990). "Structures and chromosomal localizations of two human genes encoding synaptobrevins 1 and 2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (28): 17267–73. PMID 1976629.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: VAMP2 vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin 2)".

[pmid11691998-7] Schoch S, Deák F, Königstorfer A, Mozhayeva M, Sara Y, Südhof TC, Kavalali ET (Nov 2001). "SNARE function analyzed in synaptobrevin/VAMP knockout mice". Science. 294 (5544): 1117–22. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.1117S. doi:10.1126/science.1064335. PMID 11691998. S2CID 40321111.

[pmid30929742-8] Salpietro V, Malintan NT, Llano-Rivas I, et al. (Apr 2019). "Mutations in the Neuronal Vesicular SNARE VAMP2 Affect Synaptic Membrane Fusion and Impair Human Neurodevelopment". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 104 (4): 721‐730. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.02.016. PMC 6451933. PMID 30929742.

[pmid32336483-9] Sunaga Y, Muramatsu K, Kosaki K, et al. (Apr 2020). "Variant in the neuronal vesicular SNARE VAMP2 (synaptobrevin-2): First report in Japan". Brain and Development. 42 (7): 529–533. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2020.04.001. PMID 32336483. S2CID 216095891.

[OMIM618760-10] "OMIM entry: Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and autistic features with or without hyperkinetic movements".

[pmid9341137-11] Martincic I, Peralta ME, Ngsee JK (Oct 1997). "Isolation and characterization of a dual prenylated Rab and VAMP2 receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (43): 26991–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.43.26991. PMID 9341137.

[pmid11524423-12] Li Y, Chin LS, Weigel C, Li L (Nov 2001). "Spring, a novel RING finger protein that regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (44): 40824–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106141200. PMID 11524423.

[pmid9030619-13] Hao JC, Salem N, Peng XR, Kelly RB, Bennett MK (Mar 1997). "Effect of mutations in vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) on the assembly of multimeric protein complexes". The Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (5): 1596–603. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-05-01596.1997. PMC 6573372. PMID 9030619.

[pmid11832227-14] Chen X, Tomchick DR, Kovrigin E, Araç D, Machius M, Südhof TC, Rizo J (Jan 2002). "Three-dimensional structure of the complexin/SNARE complex". Neuron. 33 (3): 397–409. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00583-4. PMID 11832227. S2CID 17878965.

[pmid10820264-15] Paumet F, Le Mao J, Martin S, Galli T, David B, Blank U, Roa M (Jun 2000). "Soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in RBL-2H3 mast cells: functional role of syntaxin 4 in exocytosis and identification of a vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-containing secretory compartment". Journal of Immunology. 164 (11): 5850–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5850. PMID 10820264.

[pmid12828989-16] Imai A, Nashida T, Yoshie S, Shimomura H (Aug 2003). "Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane". Archives of Oral Biology. 48 (8): 597–604. doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(03)00116-x. PMID 12828989.

[pmid10713150-17] Kawanishi M, Tamori Y, Okazawa H, Araki S, Shinoda H, Kasuga M (Mar 2000). "Role of SNAP23 in insulin-induced translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mediation of complex formation between syntaxin4 and VAMP2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (11): 8240–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8240. PMID 10713150.

[pmid10449403-18] Dulubova I, Sugita S, Hill S, Hosaka M, Fernandez I, Südhof TC, Rizo J (Aug 1999). "A conformational switch in syntaxin during exocytosis: role of munc18". The EMBO Journal. 18 (16): 4372–82. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.16.4372. PMC 1171512. PMID 10449403.

[pmid7553862-19] McMahon HT, Missler M, Li C, Südhof TC (Oct 1995). "Complexins: cytosolic proteins that regulate SNAP receptor function". Cell. 83 (1): 111–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90239-2. PMID 7553862. S2CID 675343.

[pmid12093152-20] Pérez-Brangulí F, Muhaisen A, Blasi J (Jun 2002). "Munc 18a binding to syntaxin 1A and 1B isoforms defines its localization at the plasma membrane and blocks SNARE assembly in a three-hybrid system assay". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 20 (2): 169–80. doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1122. PMID 12093152. S2CID 23927545.

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[pmid12517971-22] Mollinedo F, Martín-Martín B, Calafat J, Nabokina SM, Lazo PA (Jan 2003). "Role of vesicle-associated membrane protein-2, through Q-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor/R-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor interaction, in the exocytosis of specific and tertiary granules of human neutrophils". Journal of Immunology. 170 (2): 1034–42. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.1034. PMID 12517971.

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[pmid10194441-24] Reed GL, Houng AK, Fitzgerald ML (Apr 1999). "Human platelets contain SNARE proteins and a Sec1p homologue that interacts with syntaxin 4 and is phosphorylated after thrombin activation: implications for platelet secretion". Blood. 93 (8): 2617–26. doi:10.1182/blood.V93.8.2617. PMID 10194441.

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