Vg 관련 유전자 2(Vgr-2)라고도 불리는 성장분화인자 3(GDF3)은 GDF3 [5] 단백질 이다.GDF3는 변환성장인자 베타(TGF-β) 슈퍼패밀리 에 속한다. Vg1(개구리)과 GDF1 을 포함한 [5]
조직 분포 GDF3의 발현은 배아 발달 중 골화 및 성인의 [6] [7] 뇌 , 흉선 , 비장 , 골수 및 지방 조직 에서 발생한다.
기능. GDF3는 일부 내인성 활성을 가지며, 다른 TGF-β 슈퍼 패밀리 구성원을 변조하는 생체 기능성 단백질이다. 예를 들어 NODAL 의 활성을 강화한다. 또한 다른 TGF-β 슈퍼 패밀리 멤버(BMP )를 억제하여 TGF-β [8] 그것은 생쥐와 [9] 배아줄기세포 분화 를 부정적이고 긍정적으로 조절 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 분자는 성장 [6] 전 단계 동안 중배엽과 최종 내배엽 형성에 역할을 한다.
레퍼런스 ^ a b c GRCh38: 앙상블 릴리즈 89: ENSG00000184344 - 앙상블 , 2017년 5월^ a b c GRCm38: 앙상블 릴리즈 89: ENSMUSG000030117 - 앙상블 , 2017년 5월^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ a b Caricasole AA, van Schaik RH, Zeinstra LM, Wierikx CD, van Gurp RJ, van den Pol M, Looijenga LH, Oosterhuis JW, Pera MF, Ward A, de Bruijn D, Kramer P, de Jong FH, van den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ (January 1998). "Human growth-differentiation factor 3 (hGDF3): developmental regulation in human teratocarcinoma cell lines and expression in primary testicular germ cell tumours" . Oncogene . 16 (1): 95–103. doi :10.1038/sj.onc.1201515 PMID 9467948 . ^ a b Chen C, Ware SM, Sato A, Houston-Hawkins DE, Habas R, Matzuk MM, Shen MM, Brown CW (January 2006). "The Vg1-related protein Gdf3 acts in a Nodal signaling pathway in the pre-gastrulation mouse embryo" . Development . 133 (2): 319–29. doi :10.1242/dev.02210 PMID 16368929 . ^ Hexige S, Guo J, Ma L, Sun Y, Liu X, Ma L, Yan X, Li Z, Yu L (December 2005). "Expression pattern of growth/differentiation factor 3 in human and murine cerebral cortex, hippocampus as well as cerebellum". Neurosci. Lett . 389 (2): 83–7. doi :10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.071 . PMID 16126341 . S2CID 25293256 . ^ Levine A, Brivanlou A (2006). "GDF3 at the crossroads of TGF-beta signaling" . Cell Cycle . 5 (10): 1069–73. doi :10.4161/cc.5.10.2771 PMID 16721050 . ^ Levine A, Brivanlou A (2006). "GDF3, a BMP inhibitor, regulates cell fate in stem cells and early embryos" . Development . 133 (2): 209–16. doi :10.1242/dev.02192 PMID 16339188 . 추가 정보 Davila S, Froeling FE, Tan A, et al. (2010). "New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine" . Genes Immun . 11 (3): 232–8. doi :10.1038/gene.2010.1 PMID 20237496 . McPherron AC, Lee SJ (1993). "GDF-3 and GDF-9: two new members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily containing a novel pattern of cysteines" . J. Biol. Chem . 268 (5): 3444–9. doi :10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53714-5 PMID 8429021 . Levine AJ, Brivanlou AH (2006). "GDF3, a BMP inhibitor, regulates cell fate in stem cells and early embryos" . Development . 133 (2): 209–16. doi :10.1242/dev.02192 PMID 16339188 . Ye M, Berry-Wynne KM, Asai-Coakwell M, et al. (2010). "Mutation of the bone morphogenetic protein GDF3 causes ocular and skeletal anomalies" . Hum. Mol. Genet . 19 (2): 287–98. doi :10.1093/hmg/ddp496 PMID 19864492 . Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi :10.1101/gr.2596504 . PMC 528928 PMID 15489334 . Ducy P, Karsenty G (2000). "The family of bone morphogenetic proteins" . Kidney Int . 57 (6): 2207–14. doi :10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00081.x PMID 10844590 . Gopalan A, Dhall D, Olgac S, et al. (2009). "Testicular mixed germ cell tumors: a morphological and immunohistochemical study using stem cell markers, OCT3/4, SOX2 and GDF3, with emphasis on morphologically difficult-to-classify areas" . Mod. Pathol . 22 (8): 1066–74. doi :10.1038/modpathol.2009.66 PMID 19396148 . Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment" . Genome Res . 13 (10): 2265–70. doi :10.1101/gr.1293003 . PMC 403697 PMID 12975309 . Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Andersson O, Korach-Andre M, Reissmann E, et al. (2008). "Growth/differentiation factor 3 signals through ALK7 and regulates accumulation of adipose tissue and diet-induced obesity" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 105 (20): 7252–6. Bibcode :2008PNAS..105.7252A . doi :10.1073/pnas.0800272105 PMC 2438236 PMID 18480259 . Levine AJ, Levine ZJ, Brivanlou AH (2009). "GDF3 is a BMP inhibitor that can activate Nodal signaling only at very high doses" . Dev. Biol . 325 (1): 43–8. doi :10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.09.006 . PMC 3740937 PMID 18823971 .
타입 I
ALK1 (ACVRL1 )ALK2 (ACVR1A )ALK3 (BMPR1A )ALK4 (ACVR1B )ALK5 (TGFβR1 )ALK6 (BMPR1B ) 작용제: BMP (2 , 4 , 5 , 6, 7 , 8A , 8B , 15 (GDF9B)) 디보테르민 알파 에프토테르민 알파 GDF (5(BMP14), 6(BMP13), 7(BMP12), 9 , 15 )라도테르민 ALK7 (ACVR1C )
타입 II
TGFβR2 BMPR2 ACVR2A (ACVR2 ) 어거니스트: 액티빈 (A , B , AB )BMP (2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8A , 8B , 15 (GDF9B) )디보테르민 알파 에프토테르민 알파 GDF (1 , 3 , 5(BMP14), 6(BMP13), 7(BMP12), 9 , 11(BMP11), 15 )미오스타틴(GDF8) 노달 라도테르민 ACVR2B 어거니스트: 액티빈 (A , B , AB )BMP (2 , 4 , 6 , 7)디보테르민 알파 에프토테르민 알파 GDF (1 , 3 , 5(BMP14), 6(BMP13), 7(BMP12) 미오스타틴(GDF8) 노달 Osteogenin(BMP3, BMP3A) 라도테르민 AMHR2 (AMHR )
타입 III
정렬되어 있지 않다
