2021년 날씨

Weather of 2021
2021년 손실액 10억 달러 초과 기상·기후 재해 20건
허리케인 아이다로 인한 뉴욕시의 홍수

다음은 2021년에 발생한 기상 현상의 목록입니다.올해는 라니냐 조건으로 시작했습니다.세계적으로 눈보라, 한파, 가뭄, 폭염, 토네이도, 열대성 저기압을 포함한 다양한 종류의 날씨로 인한 여러 가지 자연 재해가 있었습니다.12월, 강력한 태풍 라이가 필리핀 남부를 통과하여 이동하여, 410명의 사람들을 사망케 했고, 1년 중 가장 치명적인 단일 날씨 사건이 되었습니다.2021년 2월 북미 한파로 인한 피해는 1,964억 달러(USD)의 피해를 입혔으며, 텍사스의 결빙된 기온과 광범위한 정전으로 수백 명이 사망했습니다. 다른 중요한 자연 재해는 허리케인 아이다루이지애나주 남동부를 강타했고 이후 미국 북동부 지역을 범람시켜 700억 달러(약 1조 원)의 피해를 입혔습니다.12월에는 불과 4일 간격으로 기록적인 토네이도가 두 차례 발생했습니다.유럽의 유럽 심각한 폭풍 연구소는 1,482명의 기상 관련 부상자와 568명의 기상 관련 사망자를 기록했습니다.[1]국립해양대기청은 미국과 미국 영토에서 796명의 기상 관련 사망자와 최소 1,327명의 기상 관련 부상자를 기록했습니다.[2]

글로벌컨디션

한 해는 전년도에 발전한 라니냐 조건으로 시작되었습니다.이는 남태평양의 보통 해수면 온도보다 더 시원함을 반영한 것입니다.[3]그러나 조건은 전형적인 라니냐 사건과는 달랐는데, 1월에는 미국의 평년 기온을 웃돌았지만 2월에는 평년 기온보다 더 추웠습니다.[4]3월과 4월이 되자, 라니냐의 조건은 약화되기 시작했습니다.[5][6]5월 13일, 국립해양대기청(NOAA)은 엘니뇨-남방진동(ENSO)이 중성 단계로 전환되었다고 평가했습니다.[7]그러나 열대 동태평양의 평년보다 낮은 기온에 이어 NOAA는 10월까지 지구의 기상 상태가 다시 라니냐로 돌아갔다고 발표했습니다.[8]

가장 치명적인 사건


유형별 날씨 요약

한파와 겨울 폭풍

The February 13-17, 2021 North American winter storm over the Eastern United States
2021년 2월 13~17일, 2월 16일 북미 겨울 폭풍.

지난 1월, 일본에서 2.49미터 (8.2피트)의 강설량을 떨어뜨린 눈보라와 관련하여, 제설작업을 하던 중에 적어도 70명이 사망했습니다.적어도 1,500명의 사람들이 고속도로에서 발이 묶였습니다.[9][10]

2월에 극심한 추위가 북아메리카의 많은 지역에 영향을 미쳤습니다.겨울의 대부분 동안에, 고기압 시스템이 캐나다 남동부와 그린란드에 존재했고, 반면에 북동아시아에서 알래스카로 향하는 고기압 시스템이 존재했습니다.[11]겨울 폭풍으로 9백만 명 이상의 사람들이 멕시코 북부에서 미국 북동부로 전기를 공급받지 못했고 거의 절반이 텍사스에서 발생했습니다.미국에서 172명의 사망자가 발생했습니다.[12][13] 이 시스템은 미국에서 최소 1,950억 달러, 멕시코에서 15억 달러 이상의 피해를 포함하여 1,965억 달러(2021년 USD) 이상의 피해가 발생한 것으로 추정됩니다. 이는 기록상 가장 비용이 많이 드는 겨울 폭풍이자 미국에서 기록된 자연 재해 중 가장 비용이 많이 드는 것입니다.[14][15]또한 이 폭풍은 318명의 목숨을 앗아간 1993년 세기의 폭풍 이후 북아메리카에서 가장 치명적인 겨울 폭풍입니다.[16]겨울 폭풍은 그 영향을 더해 29명의 사망자와 20억 달러의 피해를 낳았고 400만 건의 정전을 일으켰습니다.[15][17]

동시에, 한파가 그리스에 영향을 미칩니다.이 한파로 인해 3명의 사망자가 발생했고,[18] 그리스에는 2008년 이후 가장 많은 눈이 내렸습니다.[19]기온이 -19.9°C(-3.8°F)까지 떨어졌습니다.[20]

3월, 기록적인 눈보라로키 산맥에 영향을 미칩니다.아무도 죽지 않았지만, 이 시스템은 7천5백만 달러의 피해를 입혔습니다.[21]와이오밍주 샤이엔은 사상 최대의 이틀간 강설량을 기록했습니다.[22]또한 덴버에서 네 번째로 큰 눈보라가 되었습니다.[23]그 폭풍은 자동차 충돌을 야기했고 22명의 부상자를 낳았습니다.[24]

가뭄

북미 서부 지역의 가뭄은 2020년에 시작되어 2021년까지 이어졌습니다.2020년 1월부터 2021년 8월까지 20개월 동안 1895년 이후 가장 적은 강우량을 기록했습니다.[25]2021년 7월, 파월 호수는 사상 최저치를 기록했고,[26][27] 미드 호수가 너무 낮아졌기 때문에 물 사용 제한이 부과되었습니다.[28]2021년 8월 중순, 아이오와 주는 극심한 가뭄에 직면해 있었습니다.[29][30]가뭄은 멕시코의 85% 이상에도 영향을 미쳤습니다.[31]

홍수

Damage due to flooding in Germany
독일 알테나흐르의 홍수

3월에, 3월 17일부터 21일까지 동부와 중부 호주의 많은 지역에 100년 중 하나의 사건으로 불리는 며칠 간의 비로 인해 심각한 홍수가 발생했습니다.[32]뉴사우스웨일스주 컴보인은 4일간 총 853mm의 홍수가 발생했다고 발표했습니다. 중부 노스 코스트와 중부 오스트레일리아를 따라 상당한 홍수가 발생했습니다.TareeeManning River는 1929년 기록과 같았고, New South Wales의 Wingham은 1978년 이래로 가장 높은 수준을 보였고, Gwydir River는 1955년 기록보다 0.2m 부족했고, New South Wales의 Moree의 Mehi River는 1955년 최고점보다 0.4m 낮았습니다.[33]뉴사우스웨일스 모나 베일에서 차가 통제 불능으로 사망한 한 남성, 코프스 하버 해변에서 실종된 보디보더가 사망한 것으로 추정됩니다.[34]지난 24일[35][36] 2명의 사망자가 추가로 확인됐고 26일 한 여성이 실종됐다가 뒤늦게 발견됐습니다.[37]또한 하와이에서 발생한 홍수로 1명이 실종되고 [38]4천 9백만 달러의 피해가 발생했으며 [39]1천 3백여 건의 정전이 발생했습니다.[38]하이쿠는 7.5 인치 (19 cm)의 비를 기록했고, 주의 일부 지역은 16 인치 (41 cm)[38]의 비를 받습니다.데이비드 이게는 홍수 때문에 비상사태를 선포했습니다.[40]

7월에 폭풍 시스템이 독일 상공에 멈춰서 집중적인 강우와 갑작스런 홍수를 일으켰습니다.[41]홍수는 1962년 북해 홍수 이후 독일에서 가장 치명적인 자연 재해입니다.[42][43][44][45]벨기에에서도 42명의 사망자가 발생했습니다.[46]그리고, 허난성의 홍수는 최소 302명의 사망자를 낳습니다.[47]대부분의 사망자와 피해는 정저우에서 발생했습니다.[48]이달 말 아프가니스탄에서 홍수가 발생해 113명이 사망했습니다.[49]

8월 21일, 심한 플래시 홍수가 미들 테네시 주에 영향을 미쳤습니다.이 주는 24시간 강수량 기록을 20.73인치(52.7cm)로 세웠고,[50] 20명의 사망자를 낳았습니다.[51][52][53]사망자 수는 처음에는 22명이었지만, 더 정확한 수치가 발표되면서 감소했습니다.[54]이번 홍수는 켄터키주에도 영향을 미쳤지만 그 정도는 훨씬 적었습니다.[55][56][57]

9월 1일과 2일, 허리케인 아이다의 잔재로 인해 미국 북동부 지역에 큰 규모의 플래시 홍수가 발생했습니다.이로 인해 55명의 사망자와 약 200억 달러의 피해가 발생합니다.[58]폭풍이 오기 전에, 기상 예측 센터는 갑작스런 홍수에 대한 높은 위험을 발표했습니다.[59]이번 사이클론은 뉴욕에서 기록상 9번째로 가장 습한 열대성 저기압이 되었습니다.[60]뉴욕시는 첫 번째 홍수 비상사태를 맞았습니다.[61]9월 1일 오후 8시 51분과 9시 51분 사이에, 뉴욕시에는 기록상 가장 습한 시간인 3.15 인치 (8.0 cm)의 비가 내렸습니다.[62]

2021년 태평양 북서부 홍수11월12월에 캐나다 브리티시컬럼비아주와 인접한 미국 워싱턴주 일부 지역에 영향을 준 일련의 홍수로 구성됩니다.홍수와 수많은 대량 낭비 사건들은 대기권 강의 한 종류인 파인애플 익스프레스에 의해 야기되었는데, 이것은 브리티시 콜롬비아 남부와 미국 북서부 지역에 폭우를 몰고 왔습니다.자연 재해는 브리티시 콜롬비아 주에 비상 사태를 촉발시켰습니다.[63]피해액은 최소 25억 달러.[64]같은 달, 남아시아에서 일어난 홍수는 41명의 사망자를 낳았습니다.[65]게다가, 11,000명 이상의 사람들이 실향민이 되었습니다.[66]BOB 05의 강우 영향으로 인도에서 11,000명 이상의 이재민이 발생했습니다.[67]

2022년 말, 말레이시아는 극심한 홍수를 겪었습니다.54명이 사망해[68][69] 47억 7천만 달러의 피해를 입었습니다.[70]이것은 열대성 저기압 29W에 의해 촉진되었습니다.7년 전의 홍수와 비교가 되었습니다.[71]이것은 100년에 한번 있는 행사로 선언되었습니다.[72]이것은 1996년의 열대성 폭풍 그렉 이후 말레이시아에서 가장 치명적인 열대성 사이클론이 되었습니다.[73]

폭염

유라시아를 가로지르는 2월의 겨울 폭염.스웨덴은 2월 기온이 섭씨 16.8도(섭씨 62.2도)로 역대 최고를 기록했습니다.[74]베이징은 또한 섭씨 25.6도(섭씨 78.1도)를 기록했을 때 기록했던 2월 더위를 5도 이상 뛰어 넘었습니다.[75]

2021년 6월 말부터 7월 중순까지 북아메리카 서부의 대부분 지역에 폭염이 영향을 미쳤고, 이로 인해 캐나다에서 가장 높은 기온인 49.6 °C(121.3 °F)를 기록했습니다.[76][77]폭염으로 미국인만 229명이 숨졌고, 미국에서만 89억 달러가 발생했습니다.[78]캐나다 역사상 가장 치명적인 기상 사건으로 600명 이상의 캐나다인이 사망했습니다.[79][80]이번 폭염은 워싱턴에서 역대 최고 기온 기록을 깨고 오리건주에서 사상 최고 기온 기록을 경신했습니다.[81]

토네이도

5월 26일 네브래스카주 벤켈만 인근에서 발생한 EF2 토네이도

2021년 미국에서 발생한 토네이도의 예비 필터링 보고는 1,374건이며,[82][83] 이 중 최소 1,278건이 확인되었습니다.미국 104명, 중국 28명, 체코 6명, 러시아 4명, 이탈리아 3명, 인도 2명, 캐나다·뉴질랜드·인도네시아·터키 각 1명 등 전 세계적으로 151명의 토네이도 관련 사망자가 확인됐습니다.올해는 지난 16년 동안 첫 두 달 동안 토네이도 보고의 양이 가장 적으며 평균 이하로 시작했고 4월, 6월, 9월, 11월 동안 활동이 없었기 때문에 한 해의 대부분 동안 평균 이하로 유지되었습니다.[84][85]그럼에도 불구하고, 3월, 5월, 7월, 8월, 10월에 몇 차례의 집중적인 발병이 있었습니다.메이는 사상 처음으로 EF2 이상의 토네이도가 없었습니다.[86]그러나 12월이 엄청나게 활발해지면서 2021년을 평균 이상으로 밀어올린 이전 기록의 두 배 이상이 되면서 한 해는 파괴적인 분위기로 끝났습니다.또한 2021년은 2011년 이후 미국에서 가장 많은 토네이도 사망자가 발생했습니다.[87]대부분의 사망자는 2021년 12월 10일부터 11일까지 발생한 토네이도로 인한 것입니다.[88]2021년 서부 켄터키 토네이도는 12월에 가장 길게 추적된 토네이도가 되며, 토네이도 발생은 12월에 가장 치명적이 됩니다.2021년 12월 중서부 데레초와 토네이도 발생으로 미네소타에 기록적인 첫 12월 토네이도가 발생했습니다.[89]이것은 2021년 12월을 기록상 토네이도가 가장 활발한 12월로 만들었습니다.[90]또한 2021년에는 펜실베이니아주와 뉴저지주에서 두 번째로 많은 토네이도가 확인되었습니다.[91]

열대 및 아열대 사이클론

태풍 수리개 4월 17일 필리핀 동쪽 최고점 부근에서 급격히 강도가 세지고 있습니다.

남반구에는 12월 말에 형성되어 2021년 1월까지 지속된 두 개의 열대성 저기압이 있었는데, 이는 남부 아프리카의 열대성 폭풍 샬레인의 잔재와 마다가스카르 동쪽의 열대성 저기압이 곧 열대성 폭풍 다닐로가 된 것입니다.[92]지난 4월, 사이클론 세로자는 인도네시아와 동티모르에서 치명적인 홍수를 일으켜 적어도 272명이 사망했습니다.[93]또한 일본 기상청에 따르면 북서 태평양에 위치한 태풍 수리개는 5월 이전에 형성된 가장 강력한 북반구 열대 저기압이 되었습니다. 그것은 10분 동안 최대 220km/h (140mph)의 지속적인 바람에 도달했습니다.또는 태풍 공동경보센터에 따르면 시속 315km(196mph)의 1분 지속적인 바람이 불고 있습니다.[94]5월에, 동태평양 분지는 열대성 폭풍 안드레스와 함께 기록적으로 가장 이른 열대성 폭풍을 기록했습니다.[95]또한 지난 5월에는 사이클론 Tauktae1998년 사이클론을 묶어 시속 160km(99mph)의 바람을 동반한 구자라트를 강타한 가장 강력한 사이클론이 된 바 있습니다.인도에서 Tauktae가 최소 118명의 사망자를 냈고, 뭄바이 해안에서 떨어진 Hera 유전 근처에서 Barge P305가 침몰한 후 66명이 사망했습니다.[96][97]지난 8월 허리케인 아이다는 시속 240km(150mph)[98]의 지속적인 바람으로 미국 루이지애나 주를 강타하여 2020년 허리케인 로라1856년 라스트 아일랜드 허리케인을 기록상 가장 강력한 허리케인으로 기록했습니다.미국 전역에서 아이다로 인한 피해액은 645억 달러로 추산됐습니다.[13][99]지난 12월 태풍 라이가 필리핀 동부를 강타해 410명이 사망했습니다.[100]

산불

지난 6월, 시베리아러시아 극동 지역의 타이가 숲이 기록적인 더위와 가뭄에 이어 전례 없는 산불로 타격을 받았습니다.[101]기록된 역사상 처음으로 산불 연기가 북극까지 도달했습니다.[102]7월과 8월, 터키사상 최악의 산불 시즌을 경험했습니다.[103]이 화재로 9명이 사망했습니다.[104]

아프리카도 산불의 피해를 입었습니다.알제리 전역에서 산불로 90명이 사망했습니다.[105]4월 18일, 산불남아프리카테이블 국립 공원케이프 타운에 영향을 미쳤습니다.[106]화재로 소방관 5명이 다쳤습니다.[107]

북미 지역은 2021년 산불로 극심한 타격을 받았습니다.미국은 560만 에이커가, 캐나다는 1034만 에이커가 불에[108] 탔습니다.[109]기록적인 가뭄으로 빠르면 2021년 4월부터 심각할 것으로 예측됐습니다.[110]화재로 인한 건강에 좋지 않은 공기가 뉴햄프셔까지 퍼졌습니다.[111]특히 심각한 산불 중 하나는 Lytton 산불입니다. 화재로 2명이 사망하고 브리티시컬럼비아주 리튼의 90%가 소실됐습니다.[112][113]그 후, 7월에 딕시 파이어는 캘리포니아 역사상 가장 큰 단일 산불이 되었습니다.[114]진압 비용만 6억 3천 7백만 달러였습니다.[115]원인 규명 당시 PG&E는 85건의 중범죄에 대해 유죄를 인정했습니다.[116]오리건주에서도 대규모 산불인 부트레그 화재가 발생했습니다.이것은 주 역사상 세 번째로 큰 것이 되었습니다.[117]이번 산불로 인해 화재 토네이도가 발생한 것으로 추정됩니다.[118]산불 활동은 12월까지 계속되었습니다.12월 15일, 2021년 12월 중서부 데레초와 토네이도 발생으로 캔자스주 전역에 강하고 건조한 바람이 불면서 산불이 발생하여 2명이 사망했습니다.[119]12월 30일, 마샬 파이어콜로라도 역사상 가장 파괴적인 화재가 되어 5억 1천 3백만 달러 이상의 피해를 입혔습니다.[120][121]2022년 1월 1일까지 폭설로 인해 화재가 진압되었습니다.[122]

타임라인

이것은 2021년 동안의 날씨 사건들의 타임라인입니다.

1월

  • 2020년 12월 30일 ~ 2021년 1월 3일 - 새해 북미 겨울 폭풍으로 1명 사망, 11만 9천여 건의 정전 발생 폭풍으로 인해 미국과 캐나다 전역에서 3500만 달러(2021년 USD)의 피해가 발생했습니다.[123]
  • 1월 1일부터 6일까지 사이클론 이모겐으로 인해 호주 전역에서 1,000만 달러(2021년 USD)의 피해가 발생했습니다.[124]
  • 1월 7일부터 15일까지 폭풍 필로메나는 포르투갈, 스페인, 지브롤터, 안도라, 프랑스, 모로코, 이탈리아, 바티칸 시국, 산마리노, 그리스, 터키, 우크라이나 전역에서 5명이 사망하고 22억 달러의 피해를 입혔습니다.[125]
  • 1월 14일부터 25일까지 사이클론 엘로이즈로 인해 마다가스카르, 모잠비크, 말라위, 짐바브웨, 남아프리카 공화국, 에스와티니에서 27명이 사망하고 11명이 실종되었으며 1,000만 달러(2021년 USD)의 피해가 발생했습니다.[125]
  • 1월 26일 – EF3 토네이도가 앨라배마주 풀턴데일을 강타하여 1명이 사망하고 30명이 다쳤습니다.[126]
  • 1월 26일~2월 5일 - 사이클론 아나로 인해 피지에서 5명이 실종되어 1명이 사망하고 100만 달러(2021년 USD)의 피해가 발생했습니다.[125]
  • 1월 31일 - 2월 3일 - 2021년 그라운드호그 데이 노르'이스터로 7명 사망, 50만명 이상 정전, 18억 5천만달러(2021년 USD)[15][127] 발생

2월

  • 2월 1일부터 7일까지 2021년 호주에서 발생한 우롤루 산불로 27,000에이커의 면적과 86개의 건물이 불에 타고 8명이 다쳤습니다.
  • 2월 6일 – 미국 유타주 밀크릭 캐년에서 눈사태가 발생하여 스키어 4명이 숨지고 4명이 다쳤습니다.[128]
  • 2월 6일부터 22일까지 겨울 폭풍 우리비올라 외에도 한파로 인해 최소 278명이 사망하고 미국 전역에서 수백만 명이 정전되었으며 1,986억 달러(2021년)의 피해를 입었습니다.이번 한파는 2021년 텍사스 전력 위기로 이어져 210명에서 702명의 사망자가 발생하기도 했습니다.[14]
  • 2월 7일 – 카몰리 참사가 바위와 얼음 눈사태로 촉발되었습니다.이 홍수로 83명이 숨지고 121명이 실종됐습니다.[129]
  • 2월 8일 - 모로코 탕헤르의 한 개인 주택에서 24명의 노동자들이 홍수로 불법으로 운영된 직물 작업장에서 사망했는데, 이는 그 지역을 강타한 강한 비의 결과입니다.다른 10명은 구조되어 병원에 입원했습니다.[130]
  • 2월 10일부터 12일까지 미국 전역에서 발생한 얼음 폭풍으로 인해 12명이 사망하고 7,500만 달러(2021년) 이상의 피해가 발생했습니다.[131]버지니아 리치먼드에 내려진 첫 번째 얼음 폭풍 경보는 이 폭풍 때문이었습니다.[132]
  • 2월 11일 – 영국 기상청은 애버딘셔주 브래마르의 밤사이 기온이 -22.9 °C로 1995년 이래 영국에서 가장 추운 날씨라고 발표했습니다.[133]
  • 2월 13일 – 이탈리아 북부에서 날씨와 관련된 일련의 심각한 사건들이 발생하여 4명이 사망하고 25명이 부상을 입었습니다.
  • 2월 13일부터 16일까지 – 그리스의 한파로 3명이 사망했습니다.[18]
  • 2월 15일 – 노스캐롤라이나주 브런즈윅 카운티에서 겨울 폭풍 우리와 관련된 토네이도가 발생해 3명이 숨지고 10명이 다쳤습니다.[134]
  • 2월 16일부터 23일까지 필리핀에서 심각한 열대성 폭풍 아링(Severe Tropical Storm Auring)으로 알려진 열대성 폭풍 두주안(Dujuan)이 팔라우(Palau)와 필리핀(Philippine) 전역에서 4명이 실종되고 329만 달러(2021년 USD)의 피해를 입혔습니다.[135]
  • 2월 27일부터 3월 8일까지 사이클론 니란은 퀸즐랜드, 뉴칼레도니아, 바누아투 전역에서 7만 건의 정전을 일으켰고 2억 달러(2021년 USD)의 피해를 입혔습니다.[21]

3월

4월

그럴지도 모른다

6월.

7월.

8월

9월.

10월

11월

디셈버

참고 항목

참고문헌

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연도별 지구기상
앞에
2020
날씨.
2021
승계인
2022