텔루구 브라만

Telugu Brahmin
의식을 수행하는 텔루구 브라만입니다.

텔루구 브라만들[a] 인도 안드라프라데시 와 텔랑가나 [1][2]주가 원산지인 텔루구어를 사용하는 브라만 공동체입니다.그들은 인도의 브라만 공동체의 판차 드라비다 브라만 분류에 속합니다.텔루구 브라만들은 바이디키, 니요기, 데샤사, 드라비다, 골콘다 [3][4][5]뱌파리와 같은 구역으로 더 나뉩니다.

역사

리그베다아이타레야 브라흐마나에 따르면, 안드라스는 기원전 800년경 야무나 강둑에서 인도 북부를 떠나 [6][7][8]반도로 이주했습니다.

아파스탐바 다르마수트라고다바리 강과 크리슈나 강 사이의 오늘날의 안드라프라데시 지역에서 작곡된 것으로 추정되지만, 이것은 [9][10]확실하지 않습니다.그것은 [11]대략 기원전 600-300년으로 거슬러 올라가며,[12] 더 좁게는 기원전 450-350년으로 거슬러 올라갑니다.

하위 구분

텔루구 브라만은 인도 [13]브라만 공동체의 판차 드라비다 브라만 분류에 속합니다.그들은 그들의 직업, 교파,[4] 지역 등에 따라 다양한 부분으로 더 나뉩니다.

하위 그룹

바이디키(벨라나티, 텔라간야, 물루카나두), 니요기(아루벨라, 파카나티, 프라타마사키 등), 골콘다 뱌파리, 데샤사, 드라비다.

분모 구분

스마르타마드바바이하나사와 스리바이슈나바샤크타와

  • 니요기스는 아루벨라 니요기스, 파카나티 니요기스 [19]등으로 더 세분됩니다.
  • 골콘다 뱌파리는 니요기스의 일부라고 하지만, 그들은 스스로를 별개의 집단으로 간주하고 그들만의 공동체 조직을 가지고 있습니다.vyapari라는 단어는 무역업자를 의미합니다.골콘다 비야파리는 바이슈나바이고[20][21]에는 마드바스와 스리 바이슈나바가 있습니다.

직종.

독립 이전

니요기 브라만들은 마을 기록 관리자(카라남), 시인, 그리고 때때로 목사로 활동했습니다.데샤 브라민스는 또한 마을 기록 관리자(카라남)[31]로 활동했으며 많은 사람들이 골콘다의 쿠트브 샤히스와 프라데시와 텔랑가나의 [32]하이데라바드의 니잠스 아래 데스무크, 셰리스타다르, 테실다르, 데쉬판데스, 마줌다르와 같은 고위 행정관료와 관료로도 활동했습니다.

니요기 브라만들과 데샤 브라만들 또한 자민다르로서 안드라 프라데시를 통치했습니다.군투르 지역의 4대 자민다리 중 하나인 칠라칼루리페트 자민다리와 사테나팔레 자민다리는 데사 브라만들에 의해 통치되었는데, 그의 칭호는 "데스무크", 웨스트 고다바리 지역의 폴라바람 자민다리, 프라카삼 지역의 락까바람 자민다리는 니요기 브라만들에 의해 통치되었습니다.세속적인 직업 때문에, 데샤 브라민, 골콘다 뱌파리 브라민, 니요기 브라민 사이의 결혼 동맹은 수 세기 동안 매우 [35][36]흔했습니다.Vaidiki Brahmins와 Dravidulu는 성직자이자 [37][38]선생님입니다.

포스트 인디펜던스

1973년 토지상한개혁법 시행 이후 막대한 토지를 보유한 니요기 브라만과 데샤사 브라만은 이로 [39]인해 토지와 재산을 잃었습니다.1983년 안드라프라데시 주의 수석 장관이 된 후, 라마 라오는 안드라프라데시 주에서 우세한 파텔-파트와리 시스템을 폐지했습니다.그 결과 카라남으로서 마을을 지배했던 많은 브라만들은 마을뿐만 아니라 그들의 많은 땅과 [40]재산에 대한 지배권을 잃었습니다.

인구 분포

1931년 인구 조사에 따르면 브라만은 현재의 안드라프라데시(당시 [41]마드라스 주의 일부)를 구성하는 지역에서 약 3%였습니다.2003년 아웃룩 인디아의 조사에 따르면 브라만은 연합 안드라프라데시 [42]인구의 약 5%로 추정됩니다.

저명인사

종교 지도자들

사회운동가

정치

관료들

음악

영화들

참고 항목

메모들

  1. ^ 현재 그들은 때때로 국가의 분열 이후 안드라 브라민과 텔랑가나 브라민으로 불립니다.

레퍼런스

  1. ^ Abstracts: Daśam Antarrāshṭrīya Nr̥vaijñānika evaṃ Nr̥jātīya Vijñāna Mahāsammelana : Xth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, India, December 10 to 21, 1978, Volume 3. National Committee for ICAES. 1978. p. 3.
  2. ^ Bhattacharya, Jogendra Nath (1896). Hindu Castes and Sects. Thacker, Spink. p. 98. ISBN 1298966337.
  3. ^ Lakshmanna, Chintamani (1973). Caste Dynamics in Village India. Nachiketa Publications. p. 21.
  4. ^ a b Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society, Volume 26. Indian Anthropological Society. 1991. p. 230. The Brahmins of Andhra Pradesh who speak Telugu can be divided into Vaishnavites, Smarthas and Madhwas. They are strictly vegetarians.
  5. ^ Robert Eric Frykenberg; Richard Fox Young (2009). India and the Indianness of Christianity: Essays on Understanding -- Historical, Theological, and Bibliographical -- in Honor of Robert Eric Frykenberg. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 70. ISBN 9780802863928.
  6. ^ Dance Dialects of India. 1990. ISBN 81-208-0674-3. Retrieved 9 June 2014. {{cite book}}: work=무시됨(도움말)
  7. ^ "History of Andhra Pradesh". AP Online. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  8. ^ Ancient and Medieval History of Andhra Pradesh. 1993. p. iv. Retrieved 9 June 2014. {{cite book}}: work=무시됨(도움말)
  9. ^ 패트릭 올리벨 1999, 페이지 xxvii.
  10. ^ Robert Lingat 1973, 21-22페이지
  11. ^ Robert Ling at 1973, 22페이지
  12. ^ 패트릭 올리벨 1999, 페이지 xxxi.
  13. ^ Kumar Suresh Singh (1998). India's communities, Volume 1; Volume 5. Oxford University Press. p. 552. ISBN 9780195633542. (pg 552) In Andhra Pradesh, all the Brahman groups except the Oriya Sahu Brahman are Pancha Dravida and are divided into Tamil Srivaishnava, Andhra Srivaishnava, Kamme Brahman and Maharashtra Desastha Brahman.
  14. ^ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore. Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1988. p. 157. The Madhwas are followers of the Dwaitha philosophy of Madhwacharya and have sub-sects like the Badaganadu, Aravelu, Aravathuvokkalu, Deshastha, etc.
  15. ^ Kumar Suresh Singh (1998). India's Communities, Volume 6. Oxford University Press. p. 2044. ISBN 9780195633542. In Tamil Nadu, the Madhwa Brahmins are migrants from Karnataka. They have six sub-groups, they are Aruvela, Aruvanththuvakkalu, Badaganadu, Pennaththurar, Prathamasaki and Desastha and Badaga. They are concentrated in the Madras, Coimbatore, Coonoor and in Ooty.
  16. ^ Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas (1978). Marriage and Family in Mysore. AMS Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780404159757. The Nanda Vaidikas come from the Telugu country and include both Smarthas and Madhvas.
  17. ^ Y. Subhashini Subrahmanyam (1975). Social change in village India: an Andhra case study. Prithvi Raj Publishers. pp. 73–74.
  18. ^ Journal of the Andhra Historical Society, Volume 36, Parts 2-4. Andhra Historical Research Society. 1976. p. 70. The Brahmans were either Smartas, Vaishnavas or Madhwas accordingly as they are followers of Sankaracharya, Ramanujacharya and Madhvacharya.
  19. ^ Sekaram, Kandavalli Balendu (1973). The Andhras Through the Ages. Sri Saraswati Book Depot. p. 28. Among the Niyogis, there are Aruvela Niyogis, Pakanati Niyogis and others.
  20. ^ "Madras' milieu beheld from the eyes of a dewan". The Times of India. 15 November 2016. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  21. ^ Subrahmanyam, Y. Subhashini (1975). Social Change in Village India: An Andhra Case Study. Prithvi Raj Publishers. p. 71.
  22. ^ Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000). A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). p. 227. ISBN 978-8120815759.
  23. ^ Kumar Suresh Singh (1998). India's Communities, Volume 6. Oxford University Press. p. 3317. ISBN 978-0195633542. The Deshatha Brahman in Andhra Pradesh have two groups, namely Smartha and Madhva which are divided into exogamous surnames (intiperu) to indicate one's ancestry and regulate marriage alliances.
  24. ^ Robert Eric Frykenberg; Richard Fox Young (2009). India and the Indianness of Christianity: Essays on Understanding -- Historical, Theological, and Bibliographical -- in Honor of Robert Eric Frykenberg. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 70. ISBN 9780802863928.
  25. ^ People of India: A - G., Volume 4. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 3317. In Andhra Pradesh, the Deshastha Brahman have settled in various parts, particularly in the cities of Rayalaseema, Anantapur, Kurnool, Tirupati, Cud- dapah and Hyderabad.
  26. ^ K. S. Singh (1998). India's Communities. Oxford University Press. p. 552. ISBN 9780195633542. The Maharashtra Desastha Brahman are distributed in the districts of Telangana.
  27. ^ David Goodman Mandelbaum (1970). Society in India: Continuity and change. University of California Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780520016231.
  28. ^ Maharashtra, Land and Its People. Gazetteers Department, Government of Maharashtra. 2009. p. 45. Marriage alliance between Deshastha Rigvedi and Telugu and Karnataka Brahmins takes place quite frequently.
  29. ^ Kandavalli Balendu Sekaram (1973). The Andhras through the ages. Sri Saraswati Book Depot. p. 29. One of the very important sections among the Telugu Brahmins are Dravida Brahmins. Their very name indicates their South Indian or Tamil origin. A very large number of Brahmin families migrated from Tamil Nadu to Andhra Pradesh
  30. ^ Bh. Sivasankaranarayana (1967). Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers: Kurnool. Director of Print. and Stationery at the Government Secretariat Press; [copies can be had from: Government Publication Bureau, Andhra Pradesh]. p. 150. There are also a few Dravida Brahmin migrants especially from the Tamilnad speaking either Tamil or Telugu or both.
  31. ^ Rajagopal Vakulabharanam (2004). Self and Society in Transition: A Study of Modern Autobiographical Practice in Telugu. University of Wisconsin--Madison. pp. 57–58.
  32. ^ Appasaheb Ganapatrao Pawar (1971). Maratha History Seminar, May 28-31, 1970: papers. Shivaji University. The ascendancy of the Qutb-shahis of Golkonda resulted in several Maratha Brahmins of the Madhwa sect, generally called Desasthas, being appointed to high positions. This is evident from several terms such as Deshmukh, Deshpande, Majumdar, Mannavar etc. used in the districts of Andhra to signify certain administrative posts.
  33. ^ Frykenberg, Robert Eric (1965). "Elite Groups in a South Indian District: 1788-1858". The Journal of Asian Studies. 24 (2): 261–281. doi:10.2307/2050565. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 2050565. S2CID 153984852.
  34. ^ Coenraad M. Brand (1973). State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology. University of California Press. p. 116. ISBN 9780520024908.
  35. ^ Journal of the Andhra Historical Society, Volume 29, Parts 1-2. Andhra Historical Research Society. 1964. p. 11.
  36. ^ Coenraad M. Brand (1973). State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology. University of California Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780520024908.
  37. ^ Alpana Pandey (11 August 2015). Medieval Andhra: A Socio-Historical Perspective. Partridge Publishing. p. 34. ISBN 9781482850178. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  38. ^ Kumar Suresh Singh (1992). People of India: Andhra Pradesh (3 pts.). Anthropological Survey of India. p. 567. ISBN 9788176710060. Traditionally, the Dravidulu were engaged as priests by the local rulers, zamindars and chieftains, and donated to them Agraharams. Some of them followed the vedic texts and engaged themselves as purohits and acharyas.
  39. ^ B. A. V. Sharma (1980). Political Economy of India: A Study of Land Reforms Policy in Andhra Pradesh. Light & Life Publishers. p. 521.
  40. ^ Kalyani Shankar (2005). Gods of Power: Personality Cult & Indian Democracy. Macmillan. p. 147. ISBN 9781403925107.
  41. ^ India Briefing 2001. Taylor & Francis. 16 September 2016. p. 105. ISBN 9781315291192. In Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, for instance, the brahmins represented about 3 percent of the population according to the 1931 census.
  42. ^ "Distribution Of Brahmin Population". Outlook India. Retrieved 16 June 2003.
  43. ^ "Nimbarka Indian philosopher". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  44. ^ Ballard, Roger; Banks, Marcus (1994). Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain. Hurst. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-85065-091-1.
  45. ^ Anjaneyulu, D. (1976). Kandukuri Veeresalingam. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
  46. ^ Parthiban, Praveena (1 October 2019). "How Gandhi's views on caste, race and God evolved through the years". The Federal. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  47. ^ Harrison, Selig S. (8 December 2015). India: The Most Dangerous Decades. Princeton University Press. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-4008-7780-5.
  48. ^ Andersen, Walter; Damle, Shridhar D. (15 June 2019). Messengers of Hindu Nationalism: How the RSS Reshaped India. Oxford University Press. p. 261. ISBN 978-1-78738-289-3. Dr. Hedgewar, a Telugu Brahmin, was a trained medical practitioner, and founded the RSS in 1925
  49. ^ Prakash Louis (2000). The Emerging Hindutva Force: The Ascent of Hindu Nationalism. Indian Social Institute. p. 38. ISBN 9788187218319. The third head of RSS, Balasaheb Deoras was another Telugu Brahmin.
  50. ^ The Calcutta Historical Journal, Volume 18. University of Calcutta. 1996. p. 44. The second Andhra Conference, held at Bezwada (Vijayawada) under the presidentship of Nyapati Subba Rao Pantulu, a (Maratha-Telugu Brahman) Desastha descended from a long line distinguished civil servants, unanimously passed the resolution demanding a separate province for Andhras which had been drawn up the previous year in Bapatla
  51. ^ Robert Oberst (27 April 2018). Government and Politics in South Asia, Student Economy Edition. Routledge. p. 53. ISBN 9780429962325. P. V. Narasimha Rao Congress (IP) 1921 2004 Jun. 1991–May 1996 Brahmin (Hindu) Telugu, South (AP)
  52. ^ Prasad 2008, 305페이지
  53. ^ "SP Balasubrahmanyam honoured with centenary award". Deccan Herald. 20 November 2016. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  54. ^ Salvadore, Sarah (26 March 2013). "I embody the spirit of Vizag: Sobhita Dhulipala - Beauty Pageants - Indiatimes". Femina Miss India. Retrieved 15 February 2022.

서지학

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