야얀

야얀
야얀
중국인	雅言
문자적 의미	"elegant 스피치"
Hanyu Pinyin
전사
표준 만다린
Hanyu Pinyin	ǎ얀
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	예얀
웨이드 자일스	ya3-yen2
통용핀인	ǎ얀
IPA	jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵
위에: 광둥어
예일 로마자 표기법	응이 ì
쥐트핑	응아진54
IPA	ŋaː¹³ jiːn²¹
남민
호키엔 POJ	응아긴
중중국어
중중국어	ngaeX ngjon
구중국어
백스터-사가르트 (2014)	N-ɢˤ라 ʔ ŋ a[n]
정장	ŋraːʔ ŋan

야얀
야얀
雅言
지역	중국
시대	주나라
어족	Sino-Tibetan 시니틱 중국인 야얀; ; ;
언어코드
ISO 639-3	lzh

야옌어(중국어: 雅言; pinyin: y ǎ yan; '우아한 말')는 중국에서 가장 초기의 표준어로 추정됩니다. 주나라를 기점으로 지식인들에게 공통어로 쓰였습니다.^[2]

역사

야얀은 논어에 언급되어 있는데, 거기에 다음과 같이 기술되어 있습니다.^[3]

子所雅言，詩、書、執禮，皆雅言也。(마스터의 빈번한 담론 주제는 시, 역사, 예의 규칙의 유지였습니다. 이 모든 것에 대해 그는 자주 토론했습니다.)
— The Analects, Book 7, Line 18

詩書執禮의 용어에 대한 논평은 모두 동의를 얻었지만(각각 시의 고전, 문서의 서, 제사의 서를 참조), 해석이 다양해짐에 따라 학자들은 雅言가 무엇을 의미하는지에 대해 논쟁을 벌였습니다. 정쉬안(중국어: 鄭玄)의 해설과 마찬가지로, 그는 다음과 같이 해석했습니다.

子所雅言，孔曰：「雅言，正言也。」《詩》，《書》，執《禮》，皆雅言也。鄭曰：「讀先王典法，必正言其音，然後義全，故不可有所諱。禮不誦，故言執。」(The Master said: 'Elegant speech, proper speech it is'. 정씨는 이렇게 말했습니다: '고대 왕들의 법과 규칙을 읽을 때, 그들의 말을 정확하게 발음해야 합니다. 그래야 의가 완성될 수 있습니다. 따라서 금기가 없어야 합니다. 의식의 맥락에서 그것들은 암송되지 않기 때문에 우리는 그것들을 고수한다고 말합니다.'
— 鄭玄 (Zheng Xuan), in 何晏 (He Yan), 論語注疏 (Commentaries and Annotations on the Analects), Book 7, Line 18

이 적절한 연설은 일부 학자들에 따르면 당시에 사용된 일부 표준 언어를 의미할 수 있습니다.

야얀은 주 왕조의 고대 수도인 낙양 주변에서 사용되는 방언에 기반을 두고 있습니다.^[5]^[6] 수도는 원래 청저우(成周), 나중에 뤄저우(洛州)로 알려졌고, 결국 뤄양(洛陽)으로 알려지게 되었습니다.

참고문헌

^ Li, Yuming (2015). "Chapter 10". Language Planning in China (4th ed.). De Gruyter Mouton. p. 158. ISBN 9781614513926. Fangyan in the archaic times literally means "languages spoken in all the lands", and in contrast there existed common speech of the Han people (differing from general lingua franca) such as yayan 'elegant speech' of the Qin Dynasty, and tongyu 'general speech' of the Han Dynasty etc.
^ Jie, Dong (October 2010). "The enregisterment of Putonghua in practice". Language & Communication. 30 (4): 3. Recent voices from Chinese historical linguists maintain that as early as Zhou dynasty (about 1046–256 BC), there was a unified pronunciation called yayan (雅言) serving as the standard language (Chen, 1999; Guo and Gao, 2003). Yayan meant 'correct language' or 'standard language' in the Classical Chinese of that time. It is believed that Yayan was the common language of the officials in the court and the language standard of intellectuals.
^ Pain, Frederic (September 2020). ""Giao Chỉ" (Jiaozhi 交趾) as a Diffusion Center of Middle Chinese Diachronic Changes: Syllabic Weight Contrast and Phonologisation of Its Phonetic Correlates" (PDF). Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies. 50 (3): 365. There is quite a consensus among sinologists that this "lingua franca" across Sinitic dialects was the yayan 雅言 'decorous pronunciation' mentioned in the Analects (Analects VII.17).
^ Saitō, Mareshi (25 May 2023). "Chapter 4 - The Space of Cultivated Speech (Yayan 雅言): Writing and Language in the Sinographic Sphere". Cosmopolitan and Vernacular in the World of Wen 文. Brill. pp. 146–147. ISBN 9789004529441. All the commentaries largely agree that the expression "詩書執礼" here refers jointly to the classics of the Odes, the Documents (Shujing 書經 or Shangshu 尙書), and the Rites (Liji 禮記), but the understanding of the word "雅言" differs in old and new commentaries. According to the commentary of Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 (127–200), it meant, "he read using correct pronunciation without changing the reading out of respect/reverence (敬避),
^ Li, Yuming (2015). "Chapter 10". Language Planning in China (4th ed.). De Gruyter Mouton. p. 160. ISBN 9781614513926. The pre-Qin yayan 'elegant speech' was developed on the basis of the dialect in Chengzhou (current Luoyang in Henan province) where the capital was located.
^ Pain, Frederic (September 2020). ""Giao Chỉ" (Jiaozhi 交趾) as a Diffusion Center of Middle Chinese Diachronic Changes: Syllabic Weight Contrast and Phonologisation of Its Phonetic Correlates" (PDF). Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies. 50 (3): 366. The Confucian yayan was most probably based on the "lingua franca" that evolved in the Shang era and was spoken across the nowadays Henan region where political, commercial and cultural activities reached their summit throughout the late Shang era; accordingly the base dialect is customarily named the Zhongzhou 中州 (or Heluo 河洛) dialect, based on its geographical distribution, that is, the upper Central Plains centered around Luoyang 洛陽 in the Huanghe watershed (Chen 1999: 9).

이 중국어-티베트어 관련 기사는 텁텁합니다. 위키백과를 확장하여 도울 수 있습니다.

[1] Li, Yuming (2015). "Chapter 10". Language Planning in China (4th ed.). De Gruyter Mouton. p. 158. ISBN 9781614513926. Fangyan in the archaic times literally means "languages spoken in all the lands", and in contrast there existed common speech of the Han people (differing from general lingua franca) such as yayan 'elegant speech' of the Qin Dynasty, and tongyu 'general speech' of the Han Dynasty etc.

[2] Jie, Dong (October 2010). "The enregisterment of Putonghua in practice". Language & Communication. 30 (4): 3. Recent voices from Chinese historical linguists maintain that as early as Zhou dynasty (about 1046–256 BC), there was a unified pronunciation called yayan (雅言) serving as the standard language (Chen, 1999; Guo and Gao, 2003). Yayan meant 'correct language' or 'standard language' in the Classical Chinese of that time. It is believed that Yayan was the common language of the officials in the court and the language standard of intellectuals.

[3] Pain, Frederic (September 2020). ""Giao Chỉ" (Jiaozhi 交趾) as a Diffusion Center of Middle Chinese Diachronic Changes: Syllabic Weight Contrast and Phonologisation of Its Phonetic Correlates" (PDF). Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies. 50 (3): 365. There is quite a consensus among sinologists that this "lingua franca" across Sinitic dialects was the yayan 雅言 'decorous pronunciation' mentioned in the Analects (Analects VII.17).

[4] Saitō, Mareshi (25 May 2023). "Chapter 4 - The Space of Cultivated Speech (Yayan 雅言): Writing and Language in the Sinographic Sphere". Cosmopolitan and Vernacular in the World of Wen 文. Brill. pp. 146–147. ISBN 9789004529441. All the commentaries largely agree that the expression "詩書執礼" here refers jointly to the classics of the Odes, the Documents (Shujing 書經 or Shangshu 尙書), and the Rites (Liji 禮記), but the understanding of the word "雅言" differs in old and new commentaries. According to the commentary of Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 (127–200), it meant, "he read using correct pronunciation without changing the reading out of respect/reverence (敬避),

[5] Li, Yuming (2015). "Chapter 10". Language Planning in China (4th ed.). De Gruyter Mouton. p. 160. ISBN 9781614513926. The pre-Qin yayan 'elegant speech' was developed on the basis of the dialect in Chengzhou (current Luoyang in Henan province) where the capital was located.

[6] Pain, Frederic (September 2020). ""Giao Chỉ" (Jiaozhi 交趾) as a Diffusion Center of Middle Chinese Diachronic Changes: Syllabic Weight Contrast and Phonologisation of Its Phonetic Correlates" (PDF). Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies. 50 (3): 366. The Confucian yayan was most probably based on the "lingua franca" that evolved in the Shang era and was spoken across the nowadays Henan region where political, commercial and cultural activities reached their summit throughout the late Shang era; accordingly the base dialect is customarily named the Zhongzhou 中州 (or Heluo 河洛) dialect, based on its geographical distribution, that is, the upper Central Plains centered around Luoyang 洛陽 in the Huanghe watershed (Chen 1999: 9).

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야얀

네임스페이스

더

역사

참고문헌