좌표:36°15'41 ″N 105°04'44 ″E/36.2615°N 105.079°E/ 36.2615; 105.079

마지아위안

Majiayuan
마지아위안
class=not페이지 이미지
기원전 3세기에 현대문화가 깃든 마자위안(馬家園)의 위치
지리적 범위간쑤성
날짜기원전 3세기
주요 사이트36°15'41 ″N 105°04'44 ″E/36.2615°N 105.079°E/ 36.2615; 105.079
앞에사징 문화 (기원전 800년~200년)[1]
그다음에한나라
마자위안(기원전 8~3세기)을 포함한 중국 북서부와 중앙아시아에서 발견된 초기 금·은 유물의 지리적 분포.[2]

마지아위안(Majiayuan, Ch: 马家垸遗址)은 중국 간쑤성에 있는 기원전 3~2세기의 고고학 유적지입니다.이 지역은 최근 진나라에 예속된 시롱 문화의 지배자들의 것으로 여겨지는데, 시롱 문화는 기원전 271년에 지어진 진나라 조왕의 방어벽 안에 포함되어 있습니다.[3][4]그것은 약 50km 떨어진 또 다른 시롱 유적지인 왕자와 묘지(王家洼墓地)와 유사합니다.마지아위안은 전국시대 (기원전 476년–221년) 동안 서쪽과 북쪽으로 중국인들과 그들의 유목민 이웃들 사이에 교차하는 지역이었습니다.[4]

특성.

구덩이는 서쪽에서 동쪽으로 치우쳐 있고, 계단식 통로와 카타콤이 있지만, 마자위안은 수직 구덩이의 바닥에 나무 관이 있습니다.[5]화려하게 장식된 전차와 제사용 동물들이 발견되었고, 시체들은 새 문양이 새겨진 금띠 장식으로 장식되어 있었습니다.[5]무덤 안에는 도구와 무기들이 설치되어 있었습니다.[5]뱀무늬와 삽 모양의 발이 달린 그릇과 반원형 목걸이가 있었습니다.[5]

마지아위안에서는 다양한 장식의 말 전차 30여 대가 출토되었습니다.[6]

청동으로 만든 통 모양의 항아리가 용장의 무덤에서 출토되었습니다.[3]

사카 문화

마족원의 문화와 그 이전의 양랑문화(기원전 6세기-3세기 杨郎青铜文化)는 북중국에 직접적으로 사카족이 전래되었음을 시사하며, 직간접적으로 사카문화와 연결되었을 것으로 생각됩니다.특히 장례 유물의 동물적 양식은 계단의 세계와 연결되어 있습니다.[7][8]특히 장식된 전차들과 많은 유물들은 잇식쿨 쿠르간의 사카 물건들과 매우 유사합니다.[9]

  • Gold belt plaques in animal style found in Majiayuan M4, Gansu.[10]

    간쑤성 마자위안 M4에서 발견된 동물 스타일의 금띠 명판.[10]

  • Gold plate in the form of walking feline found in Majiayuan M3, Gansu.[2]

    간쑤성 마자위안 M3에서 발견된 걸어다니는 고양이 형태의 금판.[2]

  • Necklace decorated with granulation, unearthed in Majiayuan, Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.[11]

    간쑤성 문화유적고고고학연구소 마지아위안에서 출토된 입상으로 장식된 목걸이.[11]

  • Earrings, Majiayuan cemetery in Gansu, the Warring states Period, Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.[11]

    귀걸이, 간쑤성 마자위안 묘지, 전국시대, 간쑤성 문화유적 및 고고학 연구소.[11]

  • Majiayuan tomb figurines.[12]

    마자위안 무덤 조각상.[12]

  • The Majiayuan culture was part of the "Arc of the eastern Steppe", next to the Central Plain of China.[13]

    마자위안 문화는 중국의 중앙 평원 옆에 있는 "동쪽 스텝의 방주"의 일부였습니다.[13]

작동하다

  • Collaborative Archaeological Team, of the Early Qin Culture and Zhangjiachuan County Museum (2011). "2007–2008 excavation on Majiayuan Cemetery of the WarringStates Period in Zhangjiachuan, Gansu" (PDF). Chinese Archaeology. 11.
  • "北大考古与"百年百大考古发现"——甘肃张家川马家塬遗址-北京大学考古文博学院". archaeology.pku.edu.cn.

외부 링크

무덤 M16 무덤 M18

참고문헌

  1. ^ Li, Xin; Wei, Wenyu; Ma, Minmin; Lu, Minxia; Du, Linyao; Yang, Yishi; Chen, Guoke; Ren, Lele (2023). "Transformation of animal utilization strategies from the late Neolithic to the Han Dynasty in the Hexi Corridor, northwest China: Zooarchaeological and stable isotopic evidence". Frontiers in Earth Science. 10. doi:10.3389/feart.2022.1064803/full. ISSN 2296-6463.
  2. ^ a b Liu, Yan; Li, Rui; Yang, Junchang; Liu, Ruiliang; Zhao, Guoxing; Tan, Panpan (26 April 2021). "China and the steppe: technological study of precious metalwork from Xigoupan Tomb 2 (4th–3rd c.BCE) in the Ordos region, Inner Mongolia". Heritage Science. 9 (1): 46. doi:10.1186/s40494-021-00520-5. ISSN 2050-7445.
  3. ^ a b Qingbo, Duan (2022). "Sino-Western Cultural Exchange as Seen through the Archaeology of the First Emperor's Necropolis". Journal of Chinese History 中國歷史學刊. 7: 56. doi:10.1017/jch.2022.25. ISSN 2059-1632. S2CID 251690411. Only rarely do we see examples fashioned in bronze, such as the vessel excavated from the tomb of a chief of the Rong at the Majiayuan 馬家塬 site.
  4. ^ a b Wu, Xiaolong (2013). "Cultural hybridity and social status: elite tombs on China's Northern Frontier during the third century BC". Antiquity. 87 (335): 121. ISSN 0003-598X. Recent archaeological discoveries from this area, including the Majiayuan cemetery, have revealed more nuanced pictures of cultural exchange between the Chinese states and the pastoral groups to their north and west during the Warring States Period (476–221 BC). (...) The Majiayuan cemetery, however, is fundamentally different from other Qin cemeteries in terms of burial practice and grave goods, and probably represents the remains of the rulers of a Rong pastoralist group newly subjugated by the state of Qin.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Aristocratic Cemetery of the Western Rong People at Wangjiawa (Qin'an, Gansu)". The Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IA CASS).
  6. ^ Zhao, Wucheng (1 November 2019). The restoration of the chariots of the Warring-States Period in Majiayuan, Gansu (continued) – the designing and making skills of chariots and modifying and designing ideas of oxcarts. Chinese Archaeology. pp. 169–181.
  7. ^ Liu, Yang (1 January 2021). "The Eurasian Nomadic Origins of Animal Imagery in the Gold, Silver and Bronze Ornaments Excavated from the Majiayuan Cemetery". 《秦与戎——秦文化与西戎文化十年考古成果展》，文物出版社.
  8. ^ Shulga, P.I.; Shulga, D.P. (2020). "THE CULTURES OF THE EARLY IRON AGE IN CHINA AS A PART OF THE SCYTHIAN WORLD" (PDF). МАИАСП. 12. doi:10.24411/2713-2021-2020-00004. Until recently, the Yanglang culture was practically unknown to archaeologists in the postSoviet area. It did not attract "Western" researcher's attention although the materials were published there (Bunker 1997: 41—46). The situation changed after elite burials at the Majiayuan burial ground of the 3rd — 2nd centuries BCE excavation. A peculiar Animal style from Majiayuan gave rise to ideas about its indirect links with Saka culture. There were even suggestions about groups of Saka masters penetration into North China. There, these masters allegedly created wonderful decorations in Majiayuan and Xinchuangtou (M30) (Kang 2018: 410). The position of Wu Xiaolong seems to be more balanced; he pointed to the Yanglang culture funeral rite and animal style characteristic features which are clearly visible in Majiayuan (Gansu sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo 2014; Yang, Linduff 2013; Xiaolong 2013). To date, the Yanglang culture is the most representative Scythian culture of the 6th — 3rd centuries in North China. Only there elite burials (Majiayuan) have been identified, and all the "triad" components are present: Animal style, weapons and horse harness. Most of the known Yanglang culture burial grounds are located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region southern part,as well as in adjacent Qingyang County of Gansu eastern part.
  9. ^ Linduff, Katheryn (2013). "A Contextual Explanation for "Foreign" or "Steppic" Factors Exhibited in Burials at the Majiayuan Cemetery and the Opening of the Tianshan Mountain Corridor". Asian Archaeology.
  10. ^ Liu, Yan; Li, Rui; Yang, Junchang; Liu, Ruiliang; Zhao, Guoxing; Tan, Panpan (26 April 2021). "China and the steppe: technological study of precious metalwork from Xigoupan Tomb 2 (4th–3rd c.BCE) in the Ordos region, Inner Mongolia". Heritage Science. 9 (1): 46. doi:10.1186/s40494-021-00520-5. ISSN 2050-7445.
  11. ^ a b Shi, Yong; Wen, Yadi; Li, Xiaojun; Liu, Zhaojian; Huang, Yumin; He, Bei (4 August 2022). "Transmission and innovation on gold granulation: the application of tin for soldering techniques in ancient China". Heritage Science. 10 (1): 122. doi:10.1186/s40494-022-00753-y. ISSN 2050-7445.
  12. ^ 보기
  13. ^ Rawson, Jessica (2020). "Chariotry and Prone Burials: Reassessing Late Shang China's Relationship with Its Northern Neighbours". Journal of World Prehistory. 33: 138–168.