Johannes de Villiers Graaff

Johannes de Villiers Graaff
Johannes de Villiers Graaff.jpg
Born(1928-02-19)19 February 1928
Cape Town, Union of South Africa
Died6 January 2015(2015-01-06) (aged 86)
Cape Town, South Africa
NationalitySouth African
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge, Nedbank
FieldWelfare economics
School or
tradition		Welfare economics
Alma materSt John's College, Cambridge (PhD)
University of Cape Town (BA)
InfluencesAbram Bergson

Johannes de Villiers Graaff (also known as Jan de Van Graaff[citation needed] or Jannie Graaff) (19 February 1928 – 6 January 2015) was a neoclassical South African welfare economist.[1] Graaff is noted for his work on optimal savings rates,[2] contributions to the creation of the social welfare function[3] and for his 1957 magnum opus Theoretical Welfare Economics.[4][5]

Family and early life

Graaff was born in Muizenberg on 19 February 1928 into a wealthy Cape Town Afrikaans family. He was the youngest of Sir David Graaff, 1st Baronet's three children, his eldest brother was Sir De Villiers Graaff, 2nd Baronet. At the age of fifteen he matriculated from Diocesan College with the second highest marks in South Africa.[6]

In 1951 he married Lillian Clare Thomson, daughter of Sir George Paget Thomson, and had six children with her.[5][7]

Academia and economics

Graaff graduated from the University of Cape Town and then went on to complete his PhD in economics at St John's College, Cambridge in 1950, where he lectured economics until 1953. In 1957 he published Theoretical Welfare Economics, a revised version of his PhD thesis that pioneered the concept of welfare economics. The book had six re-prints in its first ten years and was regarded as a highly important work in the field of Welfare Economics.[6]

그는 학계의 정치와 내분을 싫어해 캠브릿지를 떠나 대신 남아공의 코우에 보케벨드 지역에 농장을 사들였다. 그가 학계를 떠나면서 폴 새뮤얼슨은 "제니가 농사를 짓지 않았다면" 복지경제학이 크게 달라졌을 것이라고 언급하게 되었다. 표면적으로는 학계를 떠났지만 케이프타운 대학과 스텔렌보쉬 대학의 초빙 강사로 남아 있었다.[6] 그래프는 1968년부터 1969년까지 남아공 경제학회 회장을 지냈으며 남아공 경제저널을 지원하는 데 중요한 역할을 했다.[5]

그라프는 처음으로 형평성과 국민소득의 균형관계를 도출해냄으로써 사회복지기능에 큰 기여를 했다.[6] Graaff의 또 다른 중요한 기여는 "친숙한 Pareto 효율성 기준을 넘어선 경제의 안녕"을 판단하기 위한 조치 개발이었다. 즉, 가용한 모든 자원을 활용한다는 의미에서 경제가 효율적으로 운영되고 있지만, 이것이 가장 원하는 분배 결과와 일치하지 않을 수도 있다.[5]

산후경력

그라프는 남아프리카 공화국의 세법 형성에 큰 역할을 했다. 그는 '재분배 수단으로서 세금과 세금을 통한 형평성 증진'을 신봉했다. 1970년대에 그는 존 보스터의 경제 자문 위원회에 참석했다. 1980년대에 그라프는 남아프리카 세법을 개혁한 마고 위원회의 지배적인 지식인이었다. 그는 위원회가 보다 효율적이고 간접적인 세금으로부터 더 많은 돈을 징수하기로 결정함으로써 남아공에서 부가가치세를 채택하는 데 큰 역할을 했다. Graaff는 1994년부터 1998년까지 Katz 위원회에서 일했는데, 이 위원회에서 남아공 세금 제도가 어떻게 아파르트헤이트 이후의 남아공 정부의 사회 민주주의 정책에 가장 도움이 되어 남아공 국세청을 독립 기관으로 개편하도록 이끌 수 있는지를 살펴보았다.[6]

Graaff was also the managing director of the wealth management firm Graaff's Trust and the urban development firm Milnerton Estates, a company that developed a large number of Cape Town's suburbs along the West Coast such as Parklands and Milnerton.[6]

Mountaineering

Graaff was one of South Africa's most active and accomplished mountaineers, pioneering mountain climbing routes in East Africa and the Himalayas.[8] This included being one of the first people to officially summit the Spitzkoppen mountain in Namibia. He also wrote a number of articles on mountaineering in the South African Mountaineering Journal.[5]

Death

He died on 6 January 2015, aged 86, in Kenilworth, Cape Town[9] after falling and hitting his head on Long Street, Cape Town.[6]

Major works

References

  1. ^ The Meaning of Social Efficiency by Louis Lefeber; Thomas Vietorisz – Review of Political Economy, 1465–3982, Volume 19, Issue 2, 2007, pp. 139–64
  2. ^ https://www.scribd.com/doc/6943263/Growth-Theory Growth Theory, p. 107
  3. ^ http://homepage.newschool.edu/het/essays/paretian/paretosocial.htm#swf The Paretian System IV – Social Welfare
  4. ^ "UCT honours memory of economist Jan Graaff". University of Cape Town. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e Joubert, Joubert; Black, Philip; Leibbrandt, Murray; Koch, Steven F (April 2015). "Johannes de Villiers Graaf" (PDF). Royal Economic Society (169): 24–25 – via l.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Chris Barron (25 January 2015). "Obituary: Jannie Graaff, pioneer of modern welfare economics". Sunday Times. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  7. ^ ThePeerage.com, Quoted from: (S37) Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 2, p, 1616. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 107th edition.
  8. ^ "Southern Africa's most iconic peaks". Cape Times. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  9. ^ "JOHANNES DE VILLIERS GRAAFF". Independent Newspapers. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.

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