Ethel Newbold

Ethel Newbold
Born
Ethel May Newbold

28 August 1882
Tunbridge Wells
Died25 March 1933
Alma materNewnham College University of London
OccupationEpidemiologist Statistician

Ethel May Newbold (28 August 1882 – 25 March 1933) was an English epidemiologist and statistician. She was the first woman awarded the Guy Medal in Silver in 1928.

Early life

Ethel May Newbold was born in Tunbridge Wells. One of eleven children, she was the eldest daughter of William Newbold (1828–1900) and Eleanor Isabel Newbold, née Fergusson (1862–1942). Her mother was born in California and her parents married in Mexico. Her older brother Charles Joseph Newbold (1881–1946) was a noted rugby player and chemist.[1]

Education

She was educated at first by a governess and then won a scholarship offered by the Girls’ Public Day School Company to attend Tunbridge Wells High School[2]

The Kent & Sussex Courier reported the December 1902 Tunbridge Wells High School School Prize Giving in detail.[3]

“In geometry the examiner says that of the three candidates taking both parts of the paper one did brilliantly—this girl, we know, was Ethel Newbold, who got full marks, 90 out of 90 on the second part.”... “The Chairman again congratulated the school on its success in the matter of education, and observed that he noticed the name of Ethel Newbold was mentioned very frequently in the report, and he was sure the school was proud of her (applause)”.

Ethel won a mathematics prize and was awarded an open scholarship for three years at University of Cambridge.

“Ethel Newbold carried off an open scholarship to Newnham College this year – the value of it is £50 a year for three years and it is one of the most difficult scholarships to win. It was awarded to her on the results of the Higher Local Examinations in which she got a double first in classics and mathematics, with distinction in Latin and arithmetic. She was also awarded on the same examination a prize of the value of £3 10s; a certain number of these prizes are awarded to the best candidates of the year.”

케임브리지의 그녀의 가정교사는 트리니티 칼리지의 펠로인 미스터 G. H. 하디였다.[2] 런던 데일리 뉴스는 1905년 6월 14일 "레이디 랭글러"에 대해 보도했다.

"뉴햄의 미스 E. M. 뉴볼드, 랭글러들 중에서 유일한 여학생으로 26위에 등극하고… 최근의 성공으로 뉴햄에서의 미스 뉴볼드의 경력은 마무리되고, 이제 교직에 진출하기 위해 대학을 떠나게 되었다. 뉴볼드 양은 자신이 좋아하는 직업에 대해 "수학과 하키"라고 대답했지만 테니스를 좋아하는 것도 인정했다.[2]

1909년 2월 21일, 그녀는 어머니와 여동생 안젤라(1886–1958)와 함께 캘리포니아 버클리 옥스퍼드 스트리트에 있는 그녀의 할아버지 데이비드 퍼거슨을 방문하기 위해 리버풀에서 여행하는 '발틱'호에 탑승하여 뉴욕에 착륙했다.[1] 안젤라의 두 번째 남편(m. 1934년)은 비행사 알렉 오길비였다.

경력

그녀는 Salisbury의 Godolphin 학교에서 처음 가르쳤다. 통계학으로의 그녀의 이동은 1차 세계 대전 당시 군수부의 업무로 인해 유발되었다. 그녀는 M학점을 받기 위해 공부했다.1926년에 그녀가 받은 런던 대학의 sc.는 1929년에 박사학위를 받았다. 그녀는 1921년 의학연구회의 회원이 되어 의학과 산업학을 연구했다.

에델 뉴볼드는 의학 연구회에서 8년 동안 17편의 논문을 발표했다. 그린우드 소령은 부고문에서 그녀를 "수학 통계학자 중 가장 뛰어나고 나는 국립 의학 연구소의 가장 뛰어난 논리학자"라고 묘사한다.

그녀는 1921년 왕립통계학회 회원으로 선출되었고, 1928년 "특히 산업재해에 대한 반복적 사건의 통계적 실제적 적용" 논문과 당시 새로운 역학 실험 연구에 기여한 공로로 은상 가이 메달을 수여한 최초의 여성이었다. 그녀는 1928년과 1933년 사이에 왕립통계학회 위원회에서 일했다.

죽음

그녀는 1933년 3월 미들섹스의[1] 헤이스 엔드의 우든드 하우스에서 "오랜 병" 끝에 사망했다. 그녀의 관은 이스트 그레인스테드 임벌리 로지의 어머니 집을 떠나 그녀의 장례식은 "3월 30일 목요일 가족과 친지들이 참석한 가운데 툰브리지 웰스 묘지에 조용히 차려졌다"[5]고 말했다.

Major Greenwood, with whom she had worked at the Medical Research Council wrote a professional obituary for her in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, ending with a touching tribute.

“The pages of a scientific journal are no doubt not the place in which to expiate on the personal qualities of a friend and colleague. But I may be permitted to say, and all those who knew her will agree it is no mere obituary rhetoric, that Ethel Newbold had a genius for friendship and all whom she honoured with her friendship will remember her generosity in word and deed. She never said, much less did, an unkind thing and has influenced for good the lives of all her colleagues and assistants.”[6]

Legacy

Her memorial was cleaned and repaired in 2018 by Burslem memorials[7] at the request of the Friends of Tunbridge Wells Cemetery as part of the exhibition of Exceptional Women of Tunbridge Wells at the Cemetery, put on as part of the centenary commemorations of partial female suffrage.[8]

The Ethel Newbold Prize

In 2014, the Bernoulli Society established the Ethel Newbold Prize for research excellence in statistics. "The Ethel Newbold Prize is to be awarded to an outstanding statistical scientist for a body of work that represents excellence in research in mathematical statistics, and/or excellence in research that links developments in a substantive field to new advances in statistics."[9] The prize is awarded biannually and includes 2500 Euros sponsored by John Wiley & Sons.

Ethel Newbold Prize Award Winners:

2015 Judith Rousseau

2017 Richard Nickl

2019 Mathias Drton[10]

2021 Marloes Maathuis

Publications

  • Cripps, L, Greenwood, M. and Newbold, E (1923). "A Biometric Study of the Inter-relations of 'Vital Capacity' stature, stem length and weight in a Sample of Healthy Male Adults". Biometrika. 14 (3/4): 3–4. doi:10.2307/2331816. JSTOR 2331816.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • [11]Greenwood, M.; Newbold, E (1923). "On the Estimation of Metabolism from Determination of Carbon Dioxyde Production and on Estimation of External Work from Respiratory Metabolism". J. Hygiene. 21 (4): 3–4. doi:10.1017/s0022172400031624. PMC 2167379. PMID 20474790.
  • Newbold, E (1925). "On the Excess Mortality of Males in the First Year of Life". Biometrika. 17 (3/4): 3–4. doi:10.2307/2332084. JSTOR 2332084.
  • Greenwood, M.; Newbold, E (1927). "Practical Applications of Statistics of Repeated Events, particularly to Industrial Accidents". J. Royal Stat. Society. 90 (3): 487–547. doi:10.2307/2341203. JSTOR 2341203.

References

  1. ^ a b c "www.ancestry.co.uk".
  2. ^ a b c "London Daily News". 14 June 1905.
  3. ^ "The Kent & Sussex Courier". 24 December 1902.
  4. ^ Newbold, Ethel M. (1927). "Practical Applications of the Statistics of Repeated Events' Particularly to Industrial Accidents". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 90 (3): 487–547. doi:10.2307/2341203. JSTOR 2341203.
  5. ^ "Kent & Sussex Courier". 31 March 1933.
  6. ^ M. G (1933). "Ethel Newbold Obituary by Greenwood, M. (1933)". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 96 (2): 354–357. JSTOR 2341811.
  7. ^ "A Fitting Tribute to Pioneering Local Women". June 2018.
  8. ^ "Langton Life magazine". August 2018.
  9. ^ "Ethel Newbold Prize".
  10. ^ "Institute of Mathematical Statistics Mathias Drton wins Ethel Newbold Prize". Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  11. ^ http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0022172400031624