This article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding peer-reviewed article was published in the journal Gene. Click to view.

PAK4

PAK4
PAK4
Protein PAK4 PDB 2bva.png
사용 가능한 구조물
PDB직교 검색: PDBe RCSB
식별자
별칭PAK4, p21 (RAC1) 활성화 키나제 4
외부 IDOMIM: 605451 MGI: 1917834 HomoloGene: 4300 GeneCard: PAK4
직교체
종인간마우스
엔트레스

10298

70584

앙상블

ENSG00000130669

ENSMUSG00000030602

유니프로트

O96013

Q8BTW9

RefSeq(mRNA)

NM_027470

RefSeq(단백질)

NP_001014831
NP_001014832
NP_001014834
NP_001014835
NP_005875

NP_081746

위치(UCSC)Cr 19: 39.13 – 39.18MbCr 7: 28.26 – 28.3Mb
PubMed 검색[3][4]
위키다타
인간 보기/편집마우스 보기/편집

세린/스레오닌-단백질 키나아제 PAK 4는 인간에서 PAK4 유전자에 의해 암호화된 효소다.[5][6][7]

PAK4는 그룹 I(PAK1, PAK2 및 PAK3)와 그룹 II(PAK4, PAK6, PAK5/7)로 구분되는 세린/트레오닌 키나제스의 PAK 계열 6명 중 하나이다.[8][9]PAK4는 세포질과 핵의 하위 세포영역에서 국소화한다.[8][10][11]PAK4는 시토스켈레톤 리모델링, 표현 신호 및 유전자 발현을 규제하며 방향 운동성, 침공, 전이, 성장에 영향을 미친다.[12]PAK1과 마찬가지로 PAK4 시그널링에 의존하는 세포 기능도 PAK4가 인간 암에서 과도하게 압박되고/또는 과도하게 자극되기 때문에 암과 같은 생리학적 과정과 질병적 과정을 모두 조절한다.[13][14]

디스커버리

그룹 II PAK 멤버의 창립 멤버인 PAK4는 1998년 Jurkett 세포에서 작성된 cDNA 라이브러리의 PCR 기반 전략을 사용하여 민덴 A.와 동료들에 의해 복제되고 식별되었다.[8]

유전자와 스플라이스 변형

그룹 II PAK는 그룹 I PAK에 비해 코드화 전과가 적으며, 두 그룹 PAK 사이의 잠재적 구조적 및 기능적 차이를 강조한다.인간의 PAK4는 길이가 약 57kb이고 13개의 엑손이다.PAK4는 12개의 대본을 생성하는데 그 중 10개의 대본이 약 438~591개의 아미노산의 단백질을 암호화할 것으로 예측되며, 나머지 2개의 대본은 자연적으로 비코딩이다.인간 PAK4와 대조적으로, 머린 PAK4는 4개의 대본을 포함한다. - 593개의 아미노산 긴 폴리펩타이드에 대한 2개의 코딩과 2개는 비코딩 RNA 대본이다.

단백질 도메인

PAK4의 핵심 도메인에는 C-터미널 영역의 키나제 도메인, p21 바인딩 도메인(PBD), 새로 정의된 자동 수신 도메인(AID) 또는 AID와 유사한 유사 투하 시퀀스(PS) 도메인이 포함된다.[16]

규정

PAK4 활동은 HGF,[17] PKD,[18][19] PKA,[20] CDK5RAP3, [21]SH3RF2를 포함한 업스트림 활성화기와 신호에 의해 자극된다.[22]

In addition to other mechanisms, PAK4 functions are mediated though phosphorylation of its effector proteins, including, LIMK1-Thr508,[23] integrin β5-Ser759/Ser762,[24] p120-catenin-Ser288,[25] superior cervical ganglia 10 (SCG10)-Ser50,[26] GEF-H1-Ser810[11][27] β-catenin-Ser675,[10] and Smad2-Ser465.[28]

또한 PAK4 및/또는 PAK4 종속 신호는 MT1-MMP[29] 및 p57Kip2를 포함한 게놈 표적의 식을 변조한다.[30]

억제제

그 PAK4 활동과 표현 PF-3758309,[31일]LCH-7749944,[32]glaucarubinone,[33]KY-04031,[34]KY-04045,[35]1-phenanthryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives,[36](-)[37]Inka1,[38]GL-1196,[39]GNE-2861,[40]과 miR-145,[41]miR-433,[42]과 miR-126 같은 microRNAs 같은 화학 물질 억제제에 의해 금지되어야 되는 것으로 나타났다.[43]

함수

세린/트레오닌 p21 활성화 키나제 계열인 PAK 단백질에는 PAK1, PAK2, PAK3 및 PAK4가 포함된다.PAK 단백질은 Rho GTPases를 세포골격 재편성 및 핵신호와 연결시키는 중요한 효과자들이다.그것들은 작은 GTP 결합 단백질인 Cdc42와 Rac의 표적 역할을 하며 광범위한 생물학적 활동에 관여해왔다.PAK4는 특히 GTP 바인딩 형태의 Cdc42Hs와 상호 작용하며 JNK MAP 키나제스를 약하게 활성화한다.PAK4는 필로포디아 형성의 중재자로 액틴 시토스켈레톤 재편의 역할을 할 수도 있다.이 유전자에 대해 구별되는 ISO형식을 인코딩하는 여러 가지 대안으로 분할된 대본 변형들이 발견되었다.[7]PAK4는 miR-24에 의해 번역 수준에서 억제된 것으로 나타났다.[44]

PAK4는 비계 활동 및/또는 이펙터 기판의 인산화 작용에 의해 세포 과정을 조절하고, 이를 통해 셀룰러 표현형 응답으로 축적되는 일련의 생화학적 사건을 설정한다.PAK4 조절 셀룰러 공정의 예로는 액틴과 미세관 섬유,[23][26] 앵커리지 독립 성장,[45] 필로포듐 형성,[8] 셀 모빌리티 등이 있다.

  • 세포 생존[47] 배아 개발인 [46]ITGB5는 줄기세포와 같은 표현형과 유전자 발현을 지원한다.[48][49][10]PAK4 신호의 변조는 종양 발생,[28] 암세포 침입 및 전이가 예시하는 여러 질병 조건에서 중요한 기능적 영향을 초래하는 것으로 나타났다.[26][50]

상호작용

PAK4는 다음과 상호 작용하는 것으로 나타났다.

메모들

참조

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