DYNAS

DYNAS
유사한 사운드 관련 용어는 Dymas, Dymax, Dynax 및 Dynix를 참조하십시오.

DYNAS(Dynamic Selectivity로부터[1][2][3])는 불리한 조건 하에서 FM 라디오 방송의 수신을 개선하기 위한 동적 아날로그 필터링 및 튜닝 기술이다.

개요

상표[4] DYNAS 시스템은 H.U.C. 일렉트로닉에 의한 ICS(In Channel Select) 시스템과 동일한 원리에 근거한다. 소설 추적 필터 배열은 원래 1982년 독일의 엔지니어 옌스 한센에[2][3] 의해 고안되었다.[5] 이 컨셉은 1983년 여름 하이 셀렉트로 프로토타입 제작되었다.[5] 한센은 1984년 베를린시의 혁신 기금으로 보쉬/블라우펑크를 떠나 자신의 회사인 H.U.C. 일렉트로닉의 동료 클라우스 뮐러-카티토와 함께 출발했다.[5][6][7][8][nb 1][nb 2] 언제 그의 전 고용주와 허가 협상 failed,[8]시스템은 1990년대 초 DYNAS로 관련 Telefunken Semiconductors고 대립각을 세우[드][3][2]독일 Telefunken electronic[2](AEG-Telefunken과 DASA의 분사된 TEMIC TELEFUNKEN 마이크로 전자[드]로 1992년부터 진압)[9][10][11][12][13][14]에 의해 판매되었다.AEG-Telefunken Halbleiterwerk에 Helebronn)은 또한 시스템을 구현하는 통합 회로인 TEMIC/TFK[3] U4290B (68핀 PLCC 패키지의 독립형 FM IF DYNAS 시스템),[3][2][15][16][17][4][12][18] U4291B (DYNAS 코프로세서)[18] 및 U4292B (44핀 SSO 패키지의 소프트웨어 제어 DYNAS 시스템)를 설계했다.[1][18]

기존의 수신기에 비해 DYNAS는 선택성이 26dB 이상 우수하고 감도가 일반적으로 2배(6dB 향상)하여 수신 면적이 거의 두 배 증가하며 극도로 시끄러운 방송국도 수신할 수 있다.[1] 이는 IF 필터의 적응형 대역폭과 IF 필터의 중심 주파수를 실시간으로 동적으로 추적함으로써 달성된다.

송신기 간격이 200kHz일 경우 스테레오에서 방해받지 않는 수신이 가능하며, 100kHz일 경우 대부분 방해받지 않는 모노 수신이 여전히 가능하다.

원리는 알파인 7619R(1989년)과 1310R/3681 같은 아날로그 Burmester 튜너는 915(1991년)[19]나 디지털 신시사이저 tuners Onkyo[nb 3]Integra T-4970(1992년)[16][2][3]과 T-488F(1993년)[15][20]뿐만 아니라에서 다양한 카 오디오 같은, 고급 FM튜너에(1990년)[17]은 JVCKS-CG10는 클라리온 CRX121R((1992년)[4]채택되어 왔다.1993년),[21]CRX123R(1993년)[21]CRX121RM[22]. CRX123RM,[22] Gelhard GXR 990S(1993) 또는 Conrad Soundcraft AR6800 DYNAS 등,[nb 4] 어렵고 급변하는 수신 조건에 특히 영향을 받는다.

유사기술

1984년[5][23][24] H.U.C. 일렉트로닉에 의한 In Channel Select(ICS) 시스템은 주로 협대역 FM 수신기를 위한 DYNAS의 전신이다.[25][26][27][28] High Select 추적 필터(독일어: 옌스 한센이 1982년부터 개발한 MLF(Mitlauffilter aka MLF)이다.[5] ICS는 선택도를 약 20dB, 감도를 약 6dB 향상시켰다.[25]

1987년 파이오니어 엘리트 F-91과 일부 버전의 고급 튜너 F-717에서[nb 5] 구현된 것처럼 매우 유사한 기술이 액티브 실시간 추적 시스템(ARTS)이다.[29][30][31][32][33]

SST(Super Sound Tracking)는 소니가 IF 단계가 아닌 RF에 영향을 미치는 것과 비슷한 기술이다.[33][34][35] A four-stage SST system was implemented in high-end tuners such as the ST-S555ESX (1986), ST-S333ESX (1986), ST-S444ESX[36]/ST-S700ES (1987),[36] ST-S800ES (1987)[37] and ST-S333ESX II (1987)[38][36][39][34]/ST-S730ES (1988).[39][36] Advanced SST,[40][35] dividing the tuning range into 32 sections, was implemented in some model variants[nb 6] of the ST-S739ES, ST-S333ESG (1989)/ST-S770ES (1990)[36][41][35][40][42][nb 6] ST-S333ESA (1991), ST-S333ESJ (1993), ST-S707ES (1993)[36][43][44][nb 6] and ST-SA5ES (1994/1996).[45][36][nb 6]

블라우펑크의 샤렉스 기술은 1997년 모데나&로잔 RD 148 자동차 라디오에서 '디지시버'로 선보인 것과 유사한 디지털 솔루션이다. 원래의 Sharx 구현은 DSP 섹션의 신호의 추가 처리를 위해 A/D 변환 전 IF 필터 단계에 대한 전환 가능한 아날로그 세라믹 공명기 뱅크에 여전히 의존했다. 2000년경 전환 가능한 IF 필터도 디지털 영역으로 이동했고, 즉, IF 필터의 첫 단계만 남겨두고 DigiCeiver/TwinCeiver 칩에 통합되었다.[46][47]

참고 항목

메모들

  1. ^ 소식통들은 1983년[A] 여름부터 1984년 여름부터 1985년 6월까지 한센의 회사의 정확한 설립 날짜에 관해 의견이 다르다.[B]
  2. ^ 대부분의 소식통 한센 &, 제조 업체 Hansen/Catito Elektronik, H& 각각 Elektronik 또는 H.u.C Elektronik 회사로 회사 이름을 형성합니다, 하나의 소스보다는 이[드]주파수 변조 전파 신호를 향상된 수신 시스템을 발명한 것으로 1984년 베를린 혁신 상을 수상한 베를린에 회사 Sico-Elektronic 회사 이름에 대해 언급한다.[C](어느 한센의 특허는 「Sita Electronik GmbH」[sic]라는 회사에 의해서도 출원되었다.
  3. ^ 일부 Onkyo 제품 카탈로그[1]는 Onkyo Integra T-9890DSR(1995)도 DYNAS를 지원할 것이라고 제안하는 것으로 보이지만 사용자나 서비스 설명서 모두 이를 지원하지 않는 것 같다.
  4. ^ 콘래드 사운드크래프트 AR6800 DYNAS 자동차 라디오는 TEMIC [de] 튜너 1310 FAB 3X1 781 모듈을 사용한다. PCB에 탑재된 정체불명의 DYNAS 칩은 보드(COB)의 글루탑 칩이다. [2][3][4]
  5. ^ 파이어니어사는 1987년 F-717이라는 이름으로 완전히 다른 모양의 튜너 두 대를 팔았다. 1987년 다양한 국제 시장에서 판매된 전면 패널에 디지털 신디지타이저 튜너 F-717이라고 표시된 첫 번째 제품은 F-77(1985) 튜너를 기반으로 하며 액티브 실시간 추적 시스템(ARTS)을 지원하지 않는다. [5][6] LW 대역 기능이 추가된 버전도 F-717L로 판매되었다. [7] 전면에 레퍼런스 디지털 신디사이저 튜너 F-717이라는 레이블이 붙은 두 번째 제품은 ARTES(전면 패널에 라벨이 붙어 있음)를 지원하며, 적어도 1987년에 일본에서 판매되었다. [8][9][10][11] F-91(1987)[12][13][14]의 변종이지만, 후면의 FM 안테나 입력 2개 중에서 선택할 수 있는 추가 전면 패널 스위치가 있다.
  6. ^ a b c d SST(Super Sound Tracking)는 이러한 튜너의 모든 로케일별 모델 변종에서 구현되지 않았다. 예를 들어,[D] 영국, AEP, 독일어 및 이탈리아어 버전의 ST-S770ES에서 SST 회로용 PCB의 부동산은 소니가 1993년 중반까지 독일 제품 카탈로그에 튜너의 SST 기능을 광고했음에도 불구하고 인구가[E][F] 많지 않고 우회적으로 방치되었다.[G] 비슷한 상황은 ST-S707ES[H][나는][15][16]의 미국, AEP, E, G와 나는 변형이고 그 ST-SA5ES의 일부 변이죠. 적어도[17][18]은 ST-SA5ES 심지어 두가지의 아주 서로 다른 PCB레이아웃의 경우 있습니다:첫재로 가장의 전임자 시리즈(ST-S739ES/ST-S770ES/ST-S707ES과 ST-S333ESG/ST-S333ESA/ST-S333ESJ)이 비슷하게 있는 존재한다.세코완전히 새로운 설계[19] (후속 ST-SA50ES와 다름)

참조

  1. ^ a b c "U4292B-FM-IF IC가 DYNAS 시스템의"(PDF)(datasheet).A1(예비 교육.).하일브론, 독일:Telefunken Semiconductors[드]/TEMIC TELEFUNKEN 마이크로 전자 회사[드].1996-08-19.그 2020-03-14에 원래에서 Archived.2021-06-07. 페이지의 주 1:소프트웨어에 의해 조작되는 U4292B은 양극형 트랜지스터 집적 FM-IF 회로, Retrieved.그것은 DYNAS 시스템의 모든 기능을 수행한다.그 장치 차 라디오와 집에 수신기 용도로 설계되었다.FM-IF 처리의 DYNAS은 완전히 새로운 시스템.그것은 대역 폭을 떨군 재래식 bandpass 필터에 160kHz에 비해 20kHz에 있고 실제 주파수로 공명 주파수를 추적하며 bandpass 필터를 사용하여.그 DYNAS 시스템을 이행할 때는 과감하게는 라디오 수신의 기본적인, 고전적인 특성의:선택도 및 수신 감도를 높여 준다.DYNAS은 지금까지는 신체적으로 실현 가능한 고려되지 않았던 수준까지 향상을 보장한다.[20](13+1 페이지)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Maier, Johannes (December 1992). F., K.; W., C. (eds.). "Volles Programm: Onkyo T 4970 - Der Goldwäscher für UKW". RadioExtrem. stereoplay (in German). Vol. 1992, no. 12. Stuttgart, Germany: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage [de]. pp. 18–26 [20–21, 26]. ISSN 0172-388X. pp. 19–20: Petsuya Toyama, Tunerentwickler von Onkyo [...] Dafür bietet der Newcomer sieben weitere hyperschmale Trennschärfepositionen an. Nach der von dem Berliner Jens Hansen ausgetüftelten Methode [...] stehen die entsprechenden, sich je nach Ernst der Empfangslage stufenweise mehr oder minder verengenden Türchen nicht mehr fest an einer Stelle. Damit die Musik-vermittelnden Frequenzauslenkungen noch durchpassen, versucht ihnen der Wackelschlitz so gut wie möglich zu folgen. Sobald der T 4970 Dynas-(Dynamic-Selectivity-)-Kunststückchen aufführen soll, wird die Zwischenfrequenz von 10,7 Megahertz noch einmal auf eine Lage um 700 Kilohertz umgesetzt. In härtesten UKW-Situationen versuchen dann gleich vier auf "scharf" gestellte, von elektronisch steuerbaren Kapazitätsdioden nachgezogene Schwingkreise den Modulationsschlenkern hinterherzuhechten. Die Abstimmspannung erzeugt sich der von der deutschen Firma Telefunken Electronics hergestellte Dynas-Chip dabei hintenrum, aus dem niederfrequenten Musik-Ausgangssignal. [...] Das klappt aber nur mit dem Mono-Summensignal perfekt, bei Stereo wüßte der arme [68-]beinige Siliziumkäfer ja nicht hü oder hott. Die wirksameren schmaleren Trennschärfetürchen kommen deshalb erst dann zum Einsatz, wenn es aufgrund der Feldstärke und bösartiger Frequenznachbarn ohnehin ratsam wird, auf die unkritische Mono-Wiedergabe umzuschalten. [...]
  3. ^ a b c d e f Wienforth, Ulrich (December 1992). "Imagepflege - Onkyo verteidigt seine Spitzenstellung: Tuner T-4970". Stereo [de] (in German). pp. 28–31. [...] Dann hilft nur noch jene Schaltung, die von einem Berliner Ingenieur entwickelt, von Telefunken als Chip realisiert und von Onkyo jetzt erstmals serienmäßig in einem Heimtuner eingesetzt wurde: Dynas. [...] Der Name steht für "Dynamic Selectivity", also dynamische Trennschärfe. Der Grundgedanke von Dynas ist, das konventionelle, statische Zwischenfrequenzfilter durch einen Mitlauffilter zu ersetzen, das den Frequenzänderungen des UKW-Signals folgt. Ein solches Filter kann entsprechend schmalbandiger sein und verbessert die Trennschärfe. Zusätzlich wird die Filterbandbreite je nach Stärke der störenden Nachbarsender in mehreren Stufen automatisch umgeschaltet. Dazu sind aufwendige Kontrollschaltungen notwendig, die aus dem Dynas-Chip einen veritablen Vielbeiner gemacht haben. [...]
  4. ^ a b c "5. 블록 다이어그램&6.표준 기본 Diagram".JVC의 서비스 매뉴얼-CD교환기 제어 튜너 데크 KS-CG10 B/E/G/GE/GI Digifine(개정된 G교육.). JVC.1992년 3월.를 대신하여 서명함. 1, 21–22.아니 49142.그 2021-06-14에 원래에서 Archived.. 페이지의 주 1:H.u.C. Ele[k]tronik 회사의 DYNAS 시스템은 중간 시스템에서 수정되었는지[...]DYNAS은 상표[...]2021-06-14 Retrieved.비록 FMPC보드와 부품 목록 현재하는 FM조정 절차 묘사되지 않고 있다.까지 FM조정 법 출판되기 때문에, FMPC.PC. ass'y에 의해.[...](NB교체해야 합니다.IC801이 튜너 PCB에 있는68-pin U4290B.).
  5. ^ a b c d e "Ungestörter Dialog mit tonangebender Technik". Neue Produkte. Tips Trends Märkte - Das Informationsblatt der Technologie-Vermittlungs-Agentur Berlin (in German). Vol. 1984, no. 2. Berlin, Germany: Technologie-Vermittlungs-Agentur (TVA). February 1984. Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2021-06-10. Wer hat sich nicht schon geärgert, wenn er beim Empfang seiner Lieblingssendung auf UKW in den entscheidenden Augenblicken durch überlagerte Nachbarsender gestört wurde. Ähnlich beklagenswert ist es für den Funkamateur, wenn der Empfang von der Großwetterlage abhängt und die atmosphärischen Störungen "Gewitterstimmung" verbreiten. [...] Nach dem Prinzip der Rauschunterdrückung versucht die Industrie daher seit Jahren, die Empfangsqualitäten von Radios und Funkgeräten entscheidend zu verbessern. Dolby und High Com sind Begriffe, mit denen dieses Prinzip bekannt wurde. [...] Für den Neuberliner Hansen und seinen Partner Müller-Catito ist die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Verfahren auf die Dauer ungenügend. Um erheblich höhere Empfangsempfindlichkeiten und damit stark verbesserte Reichweiten zu erreichen, haben sie das Mitlauffilterverfahren (MLF) "High Select" entwickelt und sich damit selbständig gemacht. Mit diesem neuen Verfahren können Signale empfangen werden, die mit einem üblichen Empfänger nur noch als "Leerlaufrauschen" wahrnehmbar wären. [...] Die völlige Neuentwicklung benutzt anstelle eines in seiner Resonanzfrequenz feststehenden Zwischenfrequenzfilters ein schmalbandiges, in der Resonanzfrequenz steuerbares Filter, wobei die Steuerung dafür sorgt, daß der Filter-Resonanzbereich stets bei der Momentanzwischenfrequenz liegt. Das Ergebnis läßt sich hören. [...] Abschattungen, Reflexionsstörungen, Nachbarkanalstörungen in kritischen Versorgungsgebieten und Grenzempfindlichkeiten sind ausgeschaltet. Selbst völlig verrauschte Signale erklingen klar und deutlich. Die Realisierung des MLF-Verfahrens und die Gründung des eigenen Unternehmens sind das Ergebnis eines mehrjährigen Entwicklungsprozesses. 1982 kam der Erfinder Jens Hansen zur TVA und stellte seine Konzeption mit den durchgeführten grundlegenden Untersuchungen vor. Um den Nachweis der Realisierbarkeit anzutreten, mußte ein Funktionsmodell gebaut werden. Durch die Vermittlung der TVA wurde der Forschungsförderungsfonds des Senators für Wissenschaft und Forschung genutzt. [...] Für die Experten war das Konzept so überzeugend, daß es gefördert wurde. Ein Hochschullehrer der Technischen Fachhochschule Berlin ermöglichte Untersuchungen im Meßlabor. [...] Im Sommer 1983 konnten Hansen/Catito bereits das Funktionsmodell vorstellen, das die gewünschten Eigenschaften aufwies. [...] Dieser Erfolg ermutigte sie, selbst das neue Verfahren in marktfähige Produkte umzusetzen. Mit der TVA stimmten sie die nächsten Schritte ab. Die Unternehmensberatung für die Wirtschaft (ubw) wurde eingeschaltet, um im Rahmen des Förderprogramms "Existenzgründungsberatung" eine Unternehmenskonzeption auszuarbeiten. Mit der Unterstützung der TVA konnte die neue Firma Hansen/Catito Elektronik in das Berliner Innovations- und Gründerzentrum (BIG) einziehen. [...] Im Rahmen des Modellversuchs "Förderung technologieorientierter Unternehmensgründungen" wurde ein Antrag auf Förderung beim VDI TZ gestellt, um die Existenzgründer beim Aufbau eines eigenen Produktions- und Vertriebssystems zu unterstützen. [...] Hansen/Catito Elektronik - ein Beispiel für eine eindrucksvolle Initiative aus Berlin.
  6. ^ Freeman, Clive (1986-04-08). Written at Berlin, Germany. "High-Technology Investment Revitalizes Berlin - A Special Report on West Germany". International Herald Tribune - Published with the New York Times and The Washington Post. Vol. 15/86, no. 32,076. Paris, France. p. 12. ark:/13960/t88h3n32z. p. 12: Two years ago, Jens Hansen, 42, a telecommunications engineer, won the Berlin Innovation Prize [de] for inventing an enhanced reception system for frequency modulated signals. [...] Spurred by the award, he and Klaus Müller-Catito, a close colleague, launched H & C Electronics last June in the Ackerstrasse complex. His staff of seven produce accessory devices for radio systems, VHF units and satellite receiving systems. "We are small at present but growing rapidly," said Mr. Hansen, who formerly worked for Bosch in Berlin as a research engineer.
  7. ^ Ronzheimer, Manfred; Heller, Frank, eds. (2000-07-15) [1998]. "Innovationspreis Berlin-Brandenburg: Liste der Preisträger 1984–1994". Innovationspolitik (in German). BerliNews. Archived from the original on 2000-09-03. [...] 1984 [...] System für die Erhöhung und Erweiterung der Frequenzmodulation im UKW-Bereich [...] Sico-Elektronic GmbH [...] Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin [...] Herr Jens Hansen [...] Tel. 030/ 46 320 38, Fax 030/ 46 307 300 [...]
  8. ^ a b rotterle64 (2005-06-16) [2005-06-15]. "Re: "Scheunentor"-Empfänger schlägt Dynas". www.rundfunkforum.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2021-06-10. [...] es ein dynamischer ZF-Filter. Dynas ändert aber nicht nur seine Bandbreite[,] sondern auch seine Durchlaßfrequenz. Zuerst wird die ZF von 10,7 MHz auf 700 kHz heruntergemischt. Danach wird das Signal durch 4 LC-Kreise gefiltert [...] Durch zugeschaltete Widerstände können die LC-Kreise bedämpft werden[,] d.h. ihre Bandbreite wird größer. Mit diesen Filtern läßt sich eine Bandbreite bis [...] runter zu 10–15 kHz realisieren. Da diese Bandbreite nicht für UKW-Rundfunk reicht, müssen die Filter [...] nachgeregelt werden. Dies geschieht mittels Kapazitätsdioden. Die Steuerspannung dafür wird aus dem Mono-NF-Signal gewonnen. Dessen augenblicklicher Wert steht im direkten Zusammenhang mit der aktuellen Frequenz der ZF. Die Filter werden mit einer geringen Verzögerung nachgeführt. Ein normaler 85 kHz ZF-Filter dämpft einfach die Störungen[,] aber auch das Nutzsignal. Dynas hingegen läßt das Nutzsignal (Monosignal) komplett durch. Bei geringen NF-Pegeln grenzt es so die Störungen perfekt aus, bei hohen NF-Pegeln müssen die Filter so stark auslenken[, daß] auch Teile der Störfrequenzen mit durch kommen. Letztendlich hängt die Trennschärfe von Dynas also vom Programminhalt des Senders ab. Die heutige Dynamikkompression bei den Sendern ist da ungünstig für Dynas. [...] In einer Zeitschrift (AutoHifi), die [19]91/[19]92 herum Dynas noch als Prototyp vorstellte, stand drin, dass Dynas von einem ehemaligen Mitarbeiter von Blaupunkt, der eine eigene kleine Firma gegründet hatte, entwickelt bzw. heraus gebracht wurde. Die haben damals oder kurze Zeit später auch verschiedene Hersteller befragt[,] ob sie Dynas einsetzen wollen. [...]
  9. ^ McLeod, Gordon Richard (January 1992) [1991-12-06]. "DYNAS-dynamic FM filter system". IEE Colloquium on Vehicle Audio Systems. London, UK: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET): 4/1–4/3. S2CID 109889981. The DYNAS system features an approach which many would consider to be physically impossible: the reception of a broadband transmission spectrum via narrowband filters. This principle seems self-contradictory at first consideration; at any rate, specialists could all easily agree that it does, however, satisfy many of the most critical needs and requirements actually encountered in receiving operations. The following are, of course, the advantages of broadband transmission: high signal-to-noise ratios, high dynamics, and a broad audio-frequency spectrum. The DYNAS principle would couple the above advantages with the following benefits of narrowband transmission: great reception sensitivity, and great immunity to interference. The DYNAS principle would, in addition, eliminate the following disadvantages: relative great susceptibility to interference, and poor signal quality. The above advantages, needs, and requirements are in fact implemented by DYNAS by the technique of dynamic selectivity. [21]
  10. ^ DYNAS system and its application in car radios (report). TEMIC Telefunken microelectronic [de]. January 1992 [1989-12-14]. WO 89/12353 A1. (참조 항목: WO89/12353 참조)
  11. ^ "Das DYNAS-Empfangskonzept". radio fernsehen elektronik (rfe) (in German). Vol. 41, no. 2. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Technik GmbH [de] / Huss-Medien GmbH [de]. February 1992. pp. 88–90. ISSN 1436-1574. CODEN RFELB. (3페이지)
  12. ^ a b Herchner, Dieter (1997-04-24) [1993-09-25]. "Verfahren zur Steuerung eines FM-Empfängers mit nachführbarem ZF-Filter und Schaltungsanordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens" [Method for controlling an FM receiver with a trackable IF filter and circuit arrangement for carrying out the method] (in German and English). Heilbronn, Germany: TEMIC Telefunken Microelectronic GmbH [de]. Patent DE4332767C2. Archived from the original on 2021-06-11. Retrieved 2021-06-10. [22][23]
  13. ^ Hansen, Jens (1993-12-15) [1989-05-30]. "FM-Empfangsteil" [FM receptor unit] (PDF) (in German, English, and French). Berlin, Germany: H.u.C. Elektronik GmbH. Patent EP0436542B1. WO 89/12353 (14.12.89 89/29). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-11. Retrieved 2021-06-08. [24][25](36페이지) (참조: WO 89/12353 A1 참조)
  14. ^ Rudolph, Dietmar (2009-01-31). "Das InChannelSelect Verfahren für UKW-FM". www.radiomuseum.org (in German). Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2021-06-10. [26]
  15. ^ a b Onkyo Service Manual Synthesized FM Stereo/AM Tuner Model T-488F - Black and Silver models. Tokyo, Japan: Onkyo Corporation. pp. 3, 6–7, 10–11, 19–24 [10–11, 19, 21, 24]. Ref. No. 3441. PN0M3441 A209. Retrieved 2021-06-12. (26쪽) (NB). U2의 68핀 PLCC IC Q851인 디지털 회로 PCB(NADG-4605-1, 1A404505-1)는 TEMIC U4290B(온쿄 부품)이다. 22240641번).
  16. ^ a b Onkyo Service Manual Synthesized FM Stereo/AM Tuner Model T-4970 - Black and Silver models. Tokyo, Japan: Onkyo Corporation. pp. 3, 6–7, 10–11, 19–24 [10–11, 19, 21, 24]. (26쪽) (NB). U2의 68핀 PLCC IC Q851, 이 튜너의 디지털 회로 PCB(NADG-4605-1, 1A404505-1)는 TEMIC U4290B이다.
  17. ^ a b Alpine Service Manual: Digital FM/MW/LW/RDS Tuner & CD Shuttle Controller 1310R. Alpine Electronics. pp. 24, 28. Retrieved 2021-06-12. (65페이지) (NB). 알파인 1310R은 U4290B 칩(IC3001)을 포함하는 DYNAS 유닛 MB3R101A라고 불리는 6핀 모듈 FE002(부품 번호 77B50045W01)를 사용한다.
  18. ^ a b c "Radio/Audio". TEMIC Integrated Circuits (PDF) (in English and Japanese). TOKO. p. 56–57 [56]. Retrieved 2021-06-12. p. 56: [...] U4290B-CP FM IF for Dynas System [...] U4291B-FP Coprocessor for Dynas [...] U4292B-FS Soft Dynas [...]
  19. ^ "Tuner Reviews A-C: Burmester 915 (1991)". Tuner Information Center. 2020 [2001]. Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  20. ^ "Onkyo Tuners: Onkyo T-488F (1993) / Onkyo T-4970". Tuner Information Center. 2020 [2001]. Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  21. ^ a b clarion Service Manual: RDS-EON/FM MPX/MW/LW Radio Cassette Combination With CD Changer Control Model CRX123R (PE-9806A) / CRX121R (PE-9825A). Tokyo, Japan: Clarion Co., Ltd., Service Information Section. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  22. ^ a b clarion Service Manual CRX123RM / CRX121RM. Tokyo, Japan: Clarion Co., Ltd., Service Information Section. Retrieved 2021-06-14. (NB. Clarion CRX121RM 및 CRX123RM은 메인 PCB에 68핀 U2490B-B(IC601)를 사용한다.)
  23. ^ 한센, 옌스 &, 제조 업체(20–21 9월 1986년)."In-Channel-Select-Verfahren".슈테거에서 스테판 &, Bahner, 헬무트(eds.)31.Weinheimer UKW Tagung-Skriptum derVorträge.UKW-Tagung Weinheim(독일어로).Vol31.Weinheim, 독일:독일 아마추어 무선 클럽 e.V.(자료 획득 및 보고 통제)Ortsverband Weinheim/Funkamateur-Club Weinheim e.V.(FACW).를 대신하여 서명함. 84–90.(7183페이지의).
  24. ^ Schwarzbeck, Günter. "Verbesserung der Empfangseigenschaften von Schmalband-FM-Empfängern (ICS-Verfahren)" (PDF) (in German). Schönau-Altneudorf, Germany. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2021-06-08. [27](4+2페이지)
  25. ^ a b ICS - In-Channel-Select - das Empfangssystem der Zukunft / ICS-Restsignalverstärker (product flyer and manual) (in German). Berlin, Germany: H.u.C. Elektronik / Hansen & Co. Archived from the original on 2021-06-11. Retrieved 2021-06-11. (3페이지 이상, 6페이지 누락)
  26. ^ Hawker, Pat, ed. (June 1987). "In-channel-select fm threshold extension". Technical Topics. RADio COMmunication (Radcom) - Journal of the Radio Society of Great Britain. Potters Bar, Herts, UK: Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB). 63 (6): 406–412 [407]. ark:/13960/t9c58sk9x. p. 407: Erwin David [...] draws attention to a short piece he wrote for the East Kent Radio Society's Carrier newsletter, based on an item by [Dick W. Rollema] in Electron November 1986. This describes a new "in-channel-select" (ics) technique that can significantly improve the sensitivity and selectivity of vhf/uhf fm receivers. A commercial "blackbox" adapter is being made and marketed by the German firm H&C Ele[k]tronik Hansen & Co of Berlin, which is claimed to improve the s:n ratio of weak fm signals by 6 dB and rejection of in-channel splatter from stronger adjacent-channel signals by some 20 dB. [...] the ics technique appears to be a form of threshold-extension demodulation, as originally developed for professional reception of weak satellite signals, but implemented in a form suitable for use with typical amateur radio fm transceivers. The German unit [...] features a very narrow voltage-controlled filter that automatically tracks the fm signal. For 145 MHz (25 kHz channelling) the filter bandwidth is only 1,800 Hz, ie about one-tenth of the usual i.f filter bandwidth. The receiver's fm detector output voltage, proportional to the instantaneous deviation, steers the ics filter so that it tracks the incoming signal. In demonstrations at a Dutch/German hamfest last year, [Rollema] reports that audibility of weak signals was improved by the unit from Q1 to Q4, though never completely to Q5. For strong signals it is usually advisable to switch threshold-extension demodulators out of circuit. The German hardware is being offered primarily as an external unit for base-station receivers, although the principle can be applied to mobile receivers. A threshold extension demodulator does not, of course, improve the front-end noise factor of a receiver, but there is no doubt that the technique does make it possible to copy signals that would otherwise be unintelligible. It certainly seems a development worth keeping in mind. [28]
  27. ^ 칼손, 팝 아티스트 Claes(9월 1988년).Årby Fogdö, Strängnäs, 스웨덴에 쓰여진."ICS-Vad är det?"[ICS-저게 뭐예요?](PDF).퀵타임 컨퍼런싱[sv]-장기 för 스웨덴 스웨덴 Sändareamatörer(스웨덴어로).Vol60,9.Farsta, 스톡홀름, 스웨덴:스웨덴 스웨덴 Sändareamatörer(SSA).를 대신하여 서명함. 416–417.ISSN 0033-4820.그 2021-06-11에 원래에서Archived(PDF)..(2페이지)2021-06-11 Retrieved
  28. ^ Hansen, Jens; Schwarzbeck, Günter (2008-01-05). Bopp, Matthias (ed.). "Das In-Channel-Select System" (PDF) (in German). Langenbrettach, Germany. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2021-06-08. (1+3+6+6+1+13페이지) [29]
  29. ^ "11. 서킷 설명-11.1.뉴 IF시스템 principle".F-91 FM/AM 디지털 신시사이저 튜너-서비스 매뉴얼(영어, 불어, 스페인어로)(PDF).일본 도쿄/롱 비치, USA:파이오니어 전자 공사1987년 8월.를 대신하여 서명함. 35–38[37–38].주문 번호 ARP1465.그 2021-04-11에 원래에서Archived(PDF).37p.:[는]전통적인 시스템의 경우[...], generat[ing]왜곡[...]필터 없이 필터를[는]신호 pass[에스]은 폭이 2021-06-10 Retrieved.이 시간에, 이 체제 바람직하지 않은 신호에 영향을 받는다.[...]시스템 바람직하지 않은 신호에 의해 영향 받지 않[는] 새로운 시스템의 경우,[...][를] 좁은 여과기를 통해[는]신호 pass[에스]. 신호 follow[ing].이 시스템의 필터 feed[-]forward 제어에 의해 조절되며, 따라서,[는]안정성 매우 없[...]진동[거기는] 높다.이 시스템 follow[-]type 필터[를 구현하]도록[는]입력 FM신호 주파수 통제의 중심지의 필터에 갈 때.([는에서]의,[는]필터를 입력 신호 있다.)[...][그]시스템은 제어 블록 및 필터 블록으로 구성된다.[...][...]기존 튜너의 좁은 필터와 같은 특징을 가지고 있는 대역 통과 필터 및 이 필터 충분히 선택적 특징을 가지고 있[...][를]대역 필터[...], 주파수 변조 검파기[...]과 1/4미만인 저역 필터로 구성되어 있[그]제어 블록.언제 FM신호가 inputed, FM신호 주파수 변조 검파기[...]에 의해 대역 필터를 통과하다 후[...]이 검출되면 주파수 변조 검파기[...]의 출력 신호 1/4미만인 저역 필터[...]필터 블록에 의해서 두 믹서[...]대역 통과 필터[...]과 VCO로 구성되어 있는 쓸모 없는 고주파 요소 있게 된다.믹서가 너무 VCO에 의해 다중 입력 FM신호 출력 주파수 변경을 수행하[...].F-91 13.45 MHz는 2차 IF주파수의 대역 통과 필터(BPF2)는 것 파 입력 신호 등을 이 필터[...][...] 같은 좁은 대역 폭 특성이 있Band-pass 필터 소개하겠습니다.그 대역 필터(BPF2)를 통과의 입력 신호 믹서[...]에서 VCO 생산량으로 다시 원래의 주파수로 바꾼다.원본 신호 주파수 변조 검파기[...]으로 음성 출력 작업이 감지됩니다.이러한 방법으로 해당 중심 주파수의 사용은 필터에도 불구하고, F-91 가변 필터로 그래서 그 중심 주파수로 입력 신호를 따른다.[...][30][31일][32](440페이지의)을 운영하고 있다.
  30. ^ Written at Tokyo, Japan. High-Fidelity Home-Entertainment - Audio & Video - Components & Systems (Exchange catalog for military). Germany: Pioneer Electronic Corporation / Pioneer Electronic GmbH. June 1987. 50,000-KL(F)280-6-87. Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2021-06-11 – via Deutsches Hi-Fi-Museum. [...] ARTS Cleans Up Your Act [...] Pioneer's new Active Real-Time Tracing System - ARTS for short - helps the F-91 deliver clean and optimum signal reception. It replaces the "WIDE/NARROW" filtering technique in which the WIDE position provided better sound quality at the expense of selectivity and, conversely, the NARROW position provided better selectivity at the expense of sound quality (see oscillophotos). Using a kind of "servo-filtering," its IF filter circuit "tracks" the tuned frequency in real time, eliminating interference ONLY where it actually exists, thus providing optimum sound quality AND selectivity. [...] F-91 - Reference Digital Synthesizer Tuner [...] Pioneer's ARTS (Active Real-Time Tracing System): Tuned frequency is followed in real time by IF filter circuit to eliminate interference and pass on purest possible signal to audio output. [...]
  31. ^ Feldman, Leonard (August 1988). "Pioneer Elite F-91 Tuner" (PDF). Audio (review). Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. pp. 58–60, 62, 67 [59]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2021-06-10. p. 59: [...] an FM i.f. circuit that has been given the acronym ARTS (for Active Real-time Tracing System). This system eliminates the need for choosing between narrow and wide i.f. bandwidths. Pioneer states that it actively follows the selected signal to provide both the lower distortion normally resulting from wide bandpass and the high selectivity of narrow bandpass. I gathered that the system dynamically tailors bandwidth to the instantaneous modulation of the incoming signal. [...] I also saw evidence that the r.f. section has some capability of tracking the signal; even when my FM signal generator was deliberately detuned from the frequency indicated on the F-91's display, minimum distortion and perfect center tuning were maintained. [...]
  32. ^ "Pioneer Tuners: Pioneer F-91 (1987)". Tuner Information Center. 2020 [2001]. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  33. ^ a b Rich, David Arthur; Modafferi, Richard Thomas (Winter 1995–1996). "FM Tuners: The Present State of the Art of FM Reception" (PDF). The Audio Critic. No. 23. Quakertown, Pennsylvania, USA: Critic Publications, Inc. pp. 43–64 (PDF:39–56) [56 (PDF:48)]. ISSN 0146-4701. 0-74470-82057-4-51. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2021-06-10. pp. 56–57 (PDF:48–49): [...] Pioneer came up with a very innovative solution to the "narrow filters distort the signal" problem. They used this solution in the F-91 tuner. It is such a good idea that it could have gotten someone a Ph.D. (Indeed, a related concept did get someone a Ph.D.—see [Rich 1991].) What the engineers at Pioneer observed was that, although the spectrum of an FM signal is wide when averaged over time, at any instant in time the signal has just one spectral line at the instantaneous frequency. So, if you build a time-varying filter with a very narrow band-width that moves with the instantaneous frequency of the desired signal, then you can eat your cake and have it too. The very narrow bandwidth removes the interferers, but the time-varying nature of the filter insures that the FM signal is not distorted. To move the filter around, a complete auxiliary IF strip designed in the conventional manner and a PLL FM detector are required. We now have a chicken and egg problem, since the conventional receiver has to place the passband of the time-varying filter in the correct place. This is what limits the performance of the system. One very interesting (at least to this author) variation on this is to replace the bandpass filter with a notch filter. Then the stronger signal is removed, but a weaker cochannel interfering signal may now be revealed. Further information on this is in—you guessed it—[Rich 1991]. [...] Sony uses a variation on the tracking-filter theme that involves dynamically varying the position of the RF and mixer filters in response to the signal level at the output of the FM demodulator (which represents how far the instantaneous frequency has moved from the carrier frequency). This is easier to implement in the RF and mixer stages than in the IF because these filters are already tunable. One would think the large signal delay in the IF strip and detector would prevent this from working well, but Sony is shipping tuners with this thing, so it must do something positive. [...]
  34. ^ a b "ST-S333ESXII: Superior Reception of FM Signals". FM Stereo/AM Tuners (product catalog). Sony. Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2021-06-16. [...] SST (Super Sound Tracing) Significantly Improves Filter Characteristics [...] The task of the front end of an FM tuner is to capture the desired frequency with accuracy and without interference. Interference can be more efficiently eliminated by narrowing the bandwidth of a filter and by sharpening its curve. In the front end, tracking error occurs when there is a discrepancy between the frequency of the broadcast station and the center of the band-pass filter. A narrower band-width, such as the ST-S333ESXII's, allows less margin for this sort of error and improves selectivity. Previously, it was difficult to [achieve] accurate reception throughout the FM band, because FM broadcast frequencies fluctuate with the strength of their signal. If the FM frequency reception is perfectly adjusted on both ends of a bandwidth - that is, at 87.5 MHz and 108 MHz - an error of up to 100 kHz will occur when attempting to receive frequencies broadcast between these points. Likewise, if the FM frequency reception is perfectly adjusted at the center of the bandwidth, error will occur at either end. S.S.T. Circuitry effectively solves this problem. With the ST-S333ESXII's frequency range divided into four separate sections between 87.5 MHz and 108 MHz, perfect frequency reception can be [achieved] at each of these points, and the error occurring between them is effectively minimized. You'll enjoy better FM selectivity, less tracking error and less distortion, thanks to the S.S.T. Circuitry. [...] WOIS - Wave Optimized IF System [...] The WOIS automatically selects the ideal IF characteristics for both the monaural and stereo positions at the IF Filter stage. The results are system selectivity of 65 dB and THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) minimized at 1 kHz to 0.005% in mono and 0.0095% in stereo. This sophisticated technology has been integrated to create overall sound quality that is noticeably better. [...]
  35. ^ a b c "Großer Empfang.소니 Tuner-Technik".소니 Programm(독일어로)'92.쾰른, 독일:소니 독일 회사.1992년 3월.를 대신하여 서명함. 130–132. 우편 130:[...]WOIS(제이 프랭크 mitoptimierter Filtercharakteristik)[...]음 eineoptimale Signalverarbeitungzu gewährleisten, sind für Mono- und Stereo-Rundfunksignale unterschiedliche Filtercharakteristiken 암 Zwischenfrequenzverstärker erforderlich.다이 WOIS-Technik selektiert automatischentsprechende Charakteristik und sorgt 그렇게bei Stereo- 운트 Mono-Empfang für 다이 jeweilsoptimale Selektivität, d.h.,daßauch engbenachbarte 보낸 사람 sauber 죽voneinandergetrennt werden.Dasverbesserte Gruppenlaufzeitverhalten.[...]소(슈퍼 사운드 추적)[...]다이 wichtigste Anforderungeinen 튜너ist derpräzise Empfangder jeweils eingestellten Frequenz zur Klangoptimierung beidaslinearisierte Amplitudenverhalten reduzieren die Verzerrungen 운트 tragen und.소니 SST-Technik Bandbreite 데르 Eingangsstufe exakt Empfangsfrequenz einund verbessert 그렇게 다이 Trennung 데 Nutzsignals 폰 störenden benachbarten Senderfrequenzen 죽auf 죽stellt.Dieseverbesserte Vorselektion sorgt fürstörungsfreien Empfang.[...](218쪽+기술 자료 및pricelist가 새겨진)(NB다. 이 1992년 제품 카탈로그는 SST 기술을 설명하고 있으며, ST-S770ES의 특징으로 SST를 명시적으로 열거하고 있지만, PCB에 "Advanced SST" 섹션이 채워지지 않은 개방된 ST-S770ES의 사진도 보여준다. 1993년 카탈로그는 SST를 더 이상 설명하지 않지만, 후속 1993/1994년 카탈로그에서 튜너가 후속 모델인 ST-S707ES로 대체되기 전까지는 여전히 ST-S770ES의 기능으로 나열된다.)
  36. ^ a b c d e f g "Sony Tuners: Sony ST-S333ESXII / Sony ST-S444ESX / Sony ST-S500ES (1987) / Sony ST-S700ES(1987) / Sony ST-S707ES (1995) / Sony ST-S730ES (1988) / Sony ST-SA5ES (1996)". Tuner Information Center. 2020 [2001]. Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  37. ^ Sony ST-S800ES Service Manual - AEP Model / G-AEP Model (PDF) (in English, French, and German). Sony. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-31. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  38. ^ "SONY ST-S333ESXII". nice.kaze.com (in Japanese). 2006-03-18. Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  39. ^ a b Sony Service Manual FM Stereo/FM-AM Tuner ST-S333ESXII/ST730ES - US Model, AEP Model, UK Model / E Model (in English, French, and German). Sony Corporation, Audio Group, A/V Engineering Service Department. 9-953-824-11. Retrieved 2021-06-12. (34페이지)
  40. ^ a b jomol (2020-01-31). "SONY ST 770 Tuner: SST nachrüsten?". hifi-forum.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-06-12. [33][34]
  41. ^ "Photo of German Sony ST-S770ES PCB". Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  42. ^ Service Manual FM Stereo / FM-AM Tuner ST-S770ES - AEP Model / UK Model. Sony Corporation, Audio Group / Customer Relations and Service Group. September 1991. pp. 8–9, 11, 18–23 [18–19, 21]. 9-956-628-11. 91I0850-1. (40쪽)(NB). 영국, AEP, 독일 및 이탈리아 모델 변형을 다루는 본 서비스 설명서는 SST가 탑재되지 않은 PCB 및 도식을 보여준다.)
  43. ^ Sony Service Manual FM Stereo/FM-AM Tuner ST-S707ES - AEP Model, E Model, G Model, I Model (in English, French, and German). Retrieved 2021-06-16. (NB. 이러한 모델 변형은 SST를 구현하지 않는다.)
  44. ^ Sony Service Manual FM Stereo/FM-AM Tuner ST-S707ES - US Model (in English, French, and German). Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2021-06-16. (NB. 이 모델 변종은 SST를 구현하지 않는다.)
  45. ^ "SONY ST-SA5ES". nice.kaze.com (in Japanese). 2008-02-14. Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  46. ^ "DigiCeiver: Blaupunkt car audio delivered carriage-free to your home - Blaupunkt digiceiver technology". Blue Spot Car Audio. Blaupunkt. 2000. Archived from the original on 2000-01-26.
  47. ^ "Blaupunkt car audio delivered carriage-free to your home - DigiCeiver technology". Blaupunkt. 2009-07-08. Archived from the original on 2009-07-08.

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