인공효소

Artificial enzyme
효소 모방은 효소 모방을 참조하십시오.
인공인산화효소의 도식도면

인공 효소는 합성 유기 분자 또는 이온으로 효소의 일부 기능을 재창조한다. 그 부위는 많은 효소에서 관찰된 속도와 선택성에 따라 촉매제 투여를 약속한다.

역사

화학 반응의 효소 촉매제는 높은 선택성과 비율로 발생한다. 기질은 활성 부위라고 불리는 효소의 고분자의 작은 부분에서 활성화된다. 거기서 효소의 기능 그룹에 가까운 기질을 결합하면 소위 근접 효과에 의한 촉매작용을 일으킨다. 기질 결합을 촉매 기능 그룹과 결합하면 작은 분자로부터 유사한 촉매들을 만들어낼 수 있다. 고전적인 인공 효소는 사이클로덱스트린, 크라운 에테르, 칼릭사렌과 같은 수용체를 이용하여 기판을 결합시킨다.[1][2]

아미노산이나 펩타이드를 특징적인 분자모이티로 하는 인공효소들은 인공효소나 효소모방식의 영역을 확장시켰다. 예를 들어 비계 히스티딘 잔류물은 헤모시아닌, 티로시나아제, 카테콜 산화효소 등과 같은 특정 금속단백질 및 -엔자임을 모방한다.[3]

인공 효소는 로제타를 이용한 계산 전략을 통해 처음부터 설계되었다.[4] 2014년 12월 자연 어디에서도 발생하지 않는 인공 분자로 만든 활성 효소가 생산됐다는 발표가 있었다.[5] 2016년에는 '인공효소: 다음 물결"이 출판되었다.[6]

나노자메스

나노진은 효소 같은 특성을 가진 나노물질이다.[7][8] 바이오센싱, 바이오이미징, 종양진단 및 치료, 항균풀링 등 다양한 용도에 대해 폭넓게 연구되어 왔다.[9][6][10][11][12]

1990년대

1996년과 1997년에 듀간 외 연구진은 풀레렌 파생상품의 활동을 모방하는 과산화질소 분해효소(SOD)를 발견했다.[13][14]

2000년대

2005년 '짧은 리뷰' 기사가 나왔다.[15] '일부 기능성 나노입자의 뛰어난 촉매 효율'에 근거해 '나노자임'이라는 용어가 '촉매 폴리머(합성물질)의 활성과 아날로그' 때문이라고 풀이했다. 이 용어는 플라비오 마네아, 플로렌스 보다르 후이론, 루시아 파스콰토, 파올로 스크리민에 의해 전년에 만들어졌다.[16] 2006년, 랫드 실험에서 나노세균2(즉, CeO 나노입자)이 세포내 과산화물(독성 활성산소 매개체)에 의해 유도된 망막 변성을 방지하는 것으로 보고되었다.[17] 이것은 실명의 원인에 대한 궁극적인 치료로 가는 가능한 경로를 나타내는 것으로 보였다.[18] 2007년 옌시윤과 동료들은 강자성 나노입자의 내인성 과산화효소 유사 활성을 의학, 환경화학 등 광범위한 응용을 제안하는 것으로 보고했으며, 저자들은 이 성질을 바탕으로 면역분석 결과를 보고했다.[19][20] 후이웨이와 에르캉 왕(2008)은 쉽게 준비된 자기 나노입자(MNP)의 이 모사적 특성을 이용하여 생체 활성 분자에 대한 분석적 적용을 시연했으며 과산화수소에 대한 색도측정분석(HO
2
2)과 포도당 검출에 대한 민감하고 선택적인 플랫폼을 설명했다.[21]

2010년대

2016년 현재 다양한 저널에 리뷰 기사가 매년 등장하고 있다.[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] 2015년 '인공효소 연구 맥락에서 넓은 나노자 초상화'[35]를 제공한다고 설명한 장편 치료법이 등장했고, 2016년 중국 저서 '엔자임 엔지니어링'에는 '나노자'에 관한 장이 수록됐다.[36]

각기 다른 준비물에서 과산화수소 마임증의 색도 적용은 2010년과 2011년에 보고되었으며, 각각 포도당(카복실 개량 그래핀 산화물)[37]과 단일 뉴클레오티드 다형성(헤민-그래핀 하이브리드 나노시트를 통한, 라벨링 없음)[38]을 검출했으며, 비용과 편의성 모두에서 장점을 가지고 있다. 종양 조직을 시각화하기 위한 색상의 사용은 2012년에 보고되었는데, 암 세포를 인식하고 그것들과 결합하는 단백질로 코팅된 MNP의 과산화수소효소 마메시스를 사용했다.[39]

또한 2012년에는 오산화 바나듐 나노와이어(바나디아, VO25)가 생태학적 편익이 기대되는 바나듐 할로페록시디아제를 모방하여 해양 바이오풀링을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.[40] 2년 후 다른 센터의 한 연구는 VO가25 체내 포유류 세포에서 글루타티온느 과산화효소를 흉내 낸다고 보고했는데, 이는 향후 치료적 응용을 시사한다.[41] 같은 해인 2014년 파킨슨병의 생체내 영장류 모델에서 카르복실화 풀레렌(C3)이 신경보호성 후상이라는 보고가 있었다.[42]

2015년에는 경쟁 게스트 종에 의해 제어되는 게이트키핑 수용체 분자에 따라 수문 금 나노입자의 단층 내에 나노입자를 캡슐화하거나 세포질로부터 분리하거나 접근을 허용하는 것을 기초로 과도 금속 나노형의 생체직교적 조절을 위해 초분자 나노입자를 제안하였다. 이 장치는 생체모방 크기의 것으로서 생세포 내에서 성공적이었다고 보고되었으며, 친혈소판 및 프로드러브 활성화 프로세스를 제어하며, 영상촬영 및 치료용으로 제안되었다.[43][44] Cu(OH)
2 슈퍼케이지 생산을 위한 손쉬운 공정이 보고되었고, 그들의 내적인 과산화수소효소-미믹리(peroxidase-mimicry)에 대한 시연도 보고되었다.[45] 비계형 "INAzyme"("통합 나노자") 배열이 설명되었으며, 포도당 산화효소(GOx)를 포함한 헤민(과산화효소 모사)을 서브미크론 가까이 위치시켜 뇌세포 포도당을 동적으로 모니터링하는 것으로 보고된 빠르고 효율적인 효소 캐스케이드를 제공했다.[46] 이온화 수화 안정화 콜로이드 나노입자의 방법이 수성분포에서 효소 흉내를 확인하면서 설명되었다.[47]

서부 아프리카에서 에볼라 바이러스에 대한 MNP 강화 급속 저비용 스트립 테스트에 대한 현장 테스트가 발표되었다.[48][49] HO는
2
2 나노세균에 흡착된 라벨 DNA를 용액으로 대체하여 감도가 높은 포도당 검사를 제공하는 것으로 보고되었다.[50] 산화효소성 나노세균은 자가조절 바이오아세이를 개발하는 데 사용되어 왔다.[51] 프러시아 블루를 모방한 멀티엔자임(Multi-enzyme)이 치료용으로 개발됐다.[52] MOF 기반 효소 모방에 대한 리뷰가 발표되었다.[53] 히스티딘은 산화철 나노입자의 과산화효소를 모방하는 활동을 조절하는데 사용되었다.[54] 금 나노입자의 과산화효소 모방 활동은 계단식 반응을 위한 초분자 전략을 통해 조절되었다.[55] 과산화효소 같은 활성을 가진 Fe3O4 나노질자의 선택성을 개선하기 위해 분자 각인 전략이 개발되었다.[56] 뜨거운 전자를 이용해 금 나노입자의 과산화효소 모사 활동을 강화하는 새로운 전략이 개발됐다.[57] 연구원들은 살아있는 조직에서 포도당과 젖산염을 측정하기 위한 SERS와 과산화수소효소 모사 활동을 모두 가진 금 나노입자(AuNPs) 기반의 통합 나노입자를 설계했다.[58] 시토크롬 c 산화효소는 시토크롬 c로부터 전자를 받아 2O 나노입자의 활성 모사 작용을 조절했다.[59] Fe3O4 NPs는 종양 치료용 포도당 산화효소와 결합되었다.[60] 이산화망간 나노진은 세포 보호 껍질로 사용되어 왔다.[61] 파킨슨병(세포 모델)의 Mn3O4 나노자임(Nanozeme)이 보고되었다.[62] 살아있는 랫드에서 헤파린 제거는 2D MOF 기반 과산화수소효소 모사와 AG73 펩타이드로 모니터링되었다.[63] 포도당 산화효소와 산화철 나노질소는 탠덤 반응이 호환되지 않도록 다분면 하이드로겔 내에 캡슐화했다.[64] 실행 가능한 엔테로박터 사카자키이의 탐지를 위해 캐스케이드 나노자임 바이오센서가 개발되었다.[65] GOx@Z의 통합 나노자IF-8(NiPd)은 탠덤 카탈루션을 위해 개발되었다.[66] 충전 교환형 나노 난자가 개발되었다.[67] 현장 선택형 RNA 스플리싱 나노자임이 개발되었다.[68] 생화학 및 생물물리학의 진보에 관한 나노자 특별호가 발표되었다.[69] Mn3O4 나노진(ROS 청소 활동 포함)은 생체내 반인플레이션을 위해 개발되었다.[70] '미래로의 한 걸음 – 나노입자 효소 미믹스의 응용'이라는 개념이 제안되었다.[71] pd 나노입자의 면에 의존하는 산화효소와 과산화효소 유사 활동이 보고되었다.[72] Au@Pt의 다엽 나노구조가 개발되었다.[73] 페리틴 코팅 탄소 나노진은 종양 촉매 치료를 위해 개발되었다.[74] CuO 나노진은 빛을 제어하는 방식으로 박테리아를 죽이기 위해 개발되었다.[75] 산소화된 CNT의 효소 활성을 연구했다.[76] 나노진은 l-Tyrosine과 l-페닐랄라닌의 도파크롬 산화를 촉진하기 위해 사용되었다.[77] 바이오센싱과 면역항암을 위한 천연효소의 새로운 대안으로 나노자임(Nanojme)이 요약되었다.[78] 과산화효소와 유사한 나노형성에 대해 표준화된 분석이 제안되었다.[79] 반도체 QD는 현장 선택적 광학 DNA의 갈라짐을 유발하는 핵이다.[80] 2D-MOF 나노자 기반 센서 어레이는 인산염 검출 및 효소 가수분해 탐지를 위해 구성되었다.[81] 특정 과산화수소효소 모사로서 N 도핑 탄소 나노 물질이 보고되었다.[82] 나노자 센서 어레이는 작은 분자에서 단백질과 세포에 이르는 분석물질을 검출하기 위해 개발되었다.[83] 파킨슨병의 산화 구리 나노질소가 보고되었다.[84] 종양 이미징을 위한 엑소솜 같은 나노질 베시클이 개발되었다.[85] 나노자에 대한 포괄적인 리뷰는 화학 소사이어티 리뷰에 의해 발표되었다.[8] 나노자에 대한 경과보고서가 발표되었다.[86] 예를 들어 효과적인 설명자로서의 점유는 페로브스카이트 산화물 기반 과산화효소 모방물의 촉매 활성도에 대해 개발되었다.[87] 나노자에 대한 화학 리뷰가 출판되었다.[88] 단일 원자 전략은 나노자 개발을 위해 사용되었다.[89][90][91][92] 무금속 바이오 인스 캐스케이드 광투석을 위한 나노진(Nanojme)이 보고되었다.[93] 나노자에 대한 튜토리얼 리뷰는 화학 소사이어티 리뷰에 의해 발표되었다.[94] CO2를 가치 있는 자원으로 전환하기 위한 캐스케이드 나노자 반응이 보고되었다.[95] 생체내 질병 모니터링에는 신 투명 과산화효소 같은 금 나노클러스터가 사용됐다.[96] 구리/탄소 혼합 나노지는 항균 치료를 위해 개발되었다.[97] 페리틴 나노진은 뇌성 말라리아를 치료하기 위해 개발되었다.[98] 나노자(nanojemes)에 대한 리뷰가 Acc에 실렸다. Chem. Res.[99] 스트레인 효과라고 불리는 새로운 전략이 금속 나노자 활동을 조절하기 위해 개발되었다.[100] 프로시안 블루 나노진은 살아있는 쥐의 뇌에서 황화수소(H2S)를 검출하는 데 사용되었다.[101] 포토레이제 같은 CeO2가 보도됐다.[102] 나노자(Nanojemes Have a Impact on Sensing)에 대한 사설은 출판되었다.[103]

2020년대

패혈증 관리를 위해 단일 원자 나노지가 개발되었다.[104] 종양의 광역학 치료를 위해 자가 조립된 단일 원자 나노질체가 개발되었다.[105] 다의약품 내성 세균 감염에 대한 초음파 전환형 나노질(nanoime)이 보고되었다.[106] 화학역학 종양 치료를 위한 나노자 기반의 HO원점증22 교란제가 보고되었다.[107] 계단식 반응을 위한 이리듐 산화물 나노질소가 종양 치료를 위해 개발되었다.[108] 나노어라는 제목의 책이 출판되었다.[109] 자유 급진적 청소 나노공간은 허혈성 뇌졸중을 위해 설계되었다.[110] 금-콘주게이트에 기반한 나노자에 대한 미니뷰.[111] 탈수소효소 모사로서의 SnSe 나노시트가 개발되었다.[112] 내가 흉내낸 탄소 도트 기반 토포아세머레이즈는 DNA를 분리한 것으로 보고되었다.[113] 농약을 검출하기 위해 나노자 센서 어레이가 개발되었다.[114] 생물직교 나노진은 박테리아 생물필름을 치료하는 데 사용되었다.[115] 로듐 나노지는 대장 질환 치료에 사용되었다.[116] Fe-N-C 나노진은 약물-마약 상호작용을 연구하기 위해 개발되었다.[117] 중합체 나노지는 두 번째 근적외선 광온 치료용으로 개발되었다.[118] 인플레 방지 요법으로 5.4O 나노자임이 보고되었다.[119] CeO2@ZIF-8 나노자임은 허혈성 뇌졸중에서 레퍼퓨전 유발 부상을 치료하기 위해 개발되었다.[120] Fe3O4의 과산화효소 유사 활성을 탐색하여 단일 분자/단일 입자 수준에서 전기 촉매 운동학을 연구하였다.[121] Cu-TA 나노진은 담배연기로부터 ROS를 청소하기 위해 조작되었다.[122] 메탈로엔자임(Metalenzyme)과 같은 구리 나노클러스터는 항암과 영상 활동을 동시에 하는 것으로 보고되었다.[123] 인플레 방지 치료를 위해 통합된 나노질소가 개발되었다.[124] 금 나노자에 대한 비균형 조건 하에서 강화된 효소 유사 촉매 활성화가 보고되었다.[125] 과산화효소 같은 나노질소의 활동을 예측하는 DFT 방식이 제안되었다.[126] 면역항진기를 만들기 위해 수성 나노질체가 개발되었다.[127]hydroctic nanojme)이 개발되었다. 구강 투여 나노지는 염증성 장질환 치료를 위해 개발되었다.[128] 리간드 의존적 활동 엔지니어링 전략이 치료를 위해 글루타티온느 과산화수소효소 – MIL-47(V) 금속-유기체 프레임워크 나노지를 개발하는 것으로 보고되었다.[129] 단일 부위의 나노지는 종양 치료를 위해 개발되었다.[130] 미토콘드리아와 신경세포 기능을 조절하기 위해 SOD와 같은 나노질체가 개발되었다.[131] Pd12 조정 케이지([132]Pd12 coordination cage)는 광자산화효소(photorgulated oxidase)와 같은 나노 NADPH 산화효소 같은 나노질소가 개발되었다.[133] 종양 치료를 위해 카탈라아제 같은 나노질체가 개발되었다.[134] 항균을 위해 결함 풍부한 접착제 몰리브덴 이황화/감소 그래핀 산화 나노질소가 개발되었다.[135] 항균을 위해 MOF@COF 나노자임이 개발되었다.[136] 플라스모닉 나노질들이 보고되었다.[137] 종양 치료를 위해 종양 미세환경 반응 나노질(nanozeme)이 개발되었다.[138] 단백질 공학에서 영감을 받은 방법은 매우 활동적인 나노형체를 설계하기 위해 개발되었다.[139] 나노자 정의에 관한 사설이 발표되었다.[140] 고뇨혈증과 허혈성 뇌졸중에 대한 나노자 치료법이 개발되었다.[141] 나노자뿐만 아니라 인공 효소에 대한 관점이 케미컬월드에 의해 발표되었다.[142] 단일 원자 나노진을 포함한 단일 원자 촉매에 대한 검토가 발표되었다.[143] 바이오필름 박멸에는 페록시다제 유사 혼합 FeCo-산화물 기반 표면 텍스처 나노구조체(MTex)가 사용됐다.[144] 천연 과산화효소보다 운동성이 뛰어난 나노질소가 개발됐다.[145] 알츠하이머병을 위해 자기 보호 나노지가 개발되었다.[146] CuSe 나노진은 파킨슨병을 치료하기 위해 개발되었다.[147] 나노클러스터 기반의 나노자체가 개발되었다.[148] 포도당 산화효소 같은 금 나노입자가 사이클로덱스트란과 결합되어 키랄 촉매에 사용되었다.[149] MOF에서 인공 이핵 구리 단옥시게나제가 개발되었다.[150] 매우 효율적인 나노자 설계에 대한 검토가 발표되었다.[151] Ni-Pt 과산화효소 모사는 생체분석을 위해 개발되었다.[152] ROS 스트레스로부터 세포를 보호하기 위해 POM 기반의 나노자임이 보고되었다.[153] 선택적 나노자를 준비하기 위해 게이트 전략을 사용했다.[154] Mn 단일 원자 나노지는 종양 치료를 위해 개발되었다.[155] 헬리코박터균의 선택적 살해를 위해 pH반응 산화효소 유사그래피티 나노질(graphic nanojime)이 개발됐다.[156] 공학적 FeN3P 중심 단일 원자 나노질소가 개발되었다.[157] 과산화수소효소 및 카탈라아제 같은 금 나노자 활성이 변조되었다.[158] 식도암 방사선 치료를 위한 그래핀-산화질소 나노자.[159] 결점 공학은 종양 치료를 위한 나노질(nanojme)을 개발하기 위해 사용되었다.[160] "환경공학을 위한 난모"라는 제목의 책이 출판되었다.[161] pd 단핵 나노자체는 종양 치료를 위해 개발되었다.[162] 종양 치료를 위해 HRP와 같은 나노질소가 개발되었다.[163] GOx와 같은 나노자체의 메커니즘이 보고되었다.[164] 나노자에 대한 계정 리뷰가 발표되었다.[165] 나노유전증 유사 나노자체에 대한 메커니즘 연구가 보고되었다.[166] 나노자 정의에 대한 관점이 발표되었다.[167] Aptananozymes가 개발되었다.[168] 장전된 세리아나노지메는 머리카락이 다시 자라나는 것을 도왔다.[169] 카탈라아제 유사 Pt 나노자임(Pt 나노자임)은 작은 세포외 베실체 분석에 사용되었다.[170] 나노자에 관한 책: 진전과 응용 프로그램은 CRC Press에 의해 출판되었다.[171] 나노입자 촉매변환율에 대한 검토가 발표되었다.[172] 나노자체는 래티오메트릭 분자 이미징을 위해 개발되었다.[173] 암 치료를 위해 Fe3O4/Ag/Bi2MoO6 광활성화 나노자임이 개발되었다.[174] NADH 산화효소 모사로서의 CO/C가 보고되었다.[175] 산화철 나노질소는 충치를 유발하는 바이오필름의 표적에 사용되었다.[176] 고성능 나노질(nanozime)을 위한 새로운 strategy가 개발되었다.[177] SOD와 같은 나노형태를 발견하기 위해 고투과 컴퓨터 선별 전략이 개발되었다.[178] "Nanijme-Enabled Analytical Chemistry"라는 제목의 연례 검토 논문이 Analytics Chemistics에 발표되었다.[179] 통풍에 대한 나노자 기반의 치료법이 보고되었다.[180]

참고 항목

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