과징금

Fiscal fine
시리즈의 일부
스코틀랜드법
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (Scotland).svg
행정부.
민사재판소
형사 재판소
특별 법원
형사 고발
법조계

벌금(공식적으로 고정된 벌칙 조건부 제안)은 기소의 대안으로 특정 즉결 범죄에 대해 검사관이 발행하는 스코틀랜드에서 이연된 기소 합의의 한 형태입니다.기소에 대한 대안은 스코틀랜드에서 [1]직접 조치라고 불린다.

재정 벌금은 50파운드에서 300파운드 사이에 차이가 있을 수 있지만, 보상 제안은 별도로 또는 추가로 발행될 수 있지만, 범죄의 피해자에게 지급될 수 있습니다.[2][3]이러한 금액은 5,000파운드를 초과하지 않는 금액입니다.유죄판결이나[4] 정식 [5]인정으로 기록되지 않지만, 재정벌금의 납부는 일반의학평의회의 [6]공개요구를 포함한 특정 상황에서 밝혀질 수 있다.2007년 [8]「형사소송 등(개혁)」(스코틀랜드)법 제50조에 의해 개정된 1995년 「형사소송(스코틀랜드)법[7]」 제302조에 의해 재정벌금이 부과된다.

배경

스코틀랜드에서는 1987년 [9]형사사법(스코틀랜드)법 56조에 의해 벌금형이 도입되었습니다.이는 Stewart Committee가 '범죄자 법정 밖 유지: 기소에 대한 추가 대안'(1982년 [10]출판)에 의해 제안되었습니다.1987년 법에서는 1995년 형사소송법(스코틀랜드)에 의해 25파운드, 50파운드, 75파운드, [7]100파운드의 4단계로 변경되었으며, 존 맥킨스 [11]보안관장의 McInnes 보고서에 따라 최고 벌금액이 증가하였다.이후 [8]2007년 「형사소송 등(개혁)(스코틀랜드)법」 제50조에 의해 최고 벌금액이 300파운드로 증가했다.2007년 법률은 또한 위반자가 대체 벌금으로 재정 벌금을 수용해야 하는 제도에서 반대하지 않을 경우 벌금을 수용했다고 판단되는 제도(옵션 아웃 제도)로 수정했다.옵트아웃 시스템으로의 이동은 McInnes 보고서의 [8][12]또 다른 권고사항이었다.

비판

스코틀랜드[13] 신문사는 2008년, 2009년 검찰청의 이전 확약과는 달리, 폭력적이고 심각한 범죄를 다루는데 재정 벌금이 사용되었다고 보도했습니다.검찰청은 폭행에 대한 대부분의 재정 벌금이 적절하게 [14][15]처리되었다는 것을 발견했습니다.이에 대해 크라운 오피스는 일부 성범죄자들이 [16]기소를 당하는 대신 벌금을 부과받았다는 주장을 일축했다.

2013년 9월까지 4년간 18만9천256건의 과태료 [17]미납 경고장이 발부된 것으로 나타났다.

2017년 스코틀랜드 의회에서도 발행된 재정 과징금의 45%가 [18]미납 상태인 것으로 수치로 드러나면서 집행체제는 비판을 받았다.

레퍼런스

  1. ^ "Summary Justice Reform: Evaluation of Direct Measures". gov.scot. Scottish Government Social Research. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2017. ...police and procurator fiscal 'direct measures' (DMs) introduced under SJR. These are alternatives to prosecution, which it is hoped will contribute to fewer minor cases going to court unnecessarily, freeing up the courts to deal with more serious cases (Scottish Government, 2007).
  2. ^ "Alternative to Prosecution". crownoffice.gov.uk. Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service. Retrieved 25 March 2017. The 'fixed penalty conditional offer' (fine) is an effective direct measure for less serious offences. The levels of fine are set by the Scottish Government and are currently £50, £75, £100, £150, £200, £250 and £300...The 'compensation offer' is an effective direct measure for offences where an individual has suffered loss. Compensation may be issued in respect of monetary loss, personal loss, or alarm or distress. The maximum level of compensation that can be offered is £3,000.
  3. ^ "Fiscal Fines". scotcourts.gov.uk. Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service. Retrieved 25 March 2017. The fiscal can also offer you the opportunity to pay compensation without the case going to court. This is called a compensation offer. The maximum compensation offer is £5000
  4. ^ "A Summary of Community Options: Alternatives to Prosecution, Alternatives to Remand and Alternatives to Custody" (PDF). West Lothian Health and Social Care Partnership. Glasgow Community Justice Authority. p. 8. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  5. ^ Kalunta-Crumpton, Anita (2006). "3". Drugs, victims and race : the politics of drug control. Winchester: Waterside Press. p. 85. ISBN 1904380182. Retrieved 25 March 2017. Introduced in 1995, fiscal fines involve the imposition of a financial penalty by procurators fiscal in absence of a formal admission of guilt.
  6. ^ "Guidance on convictions, cautions, determinations and other methods of police disposal" (PDF). gmc-uk.org. General Medical Council. March 2017. p. 10. Retrieved 25 March 2017. A fiscal fine is a form of deferred prosecution agreement in Scotland issued by a procurator fiscal for certain summary offences as an alternative to prosecution. The power to issue fiscal fines is conferred by section 50 of the Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007. Doctors are required to notify us of fiscal fines under our reporting guidance.
  7. ^ a b "Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. 8 November 1995. pp. S.302. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  8. ^ a b c "Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. 22 February 2007. p. S.50. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  9. ^ "Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. 15 May 1987. pp. S.56. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  10. ^ Keeping Offenders out of Court; Further Alternatives to Prosecution - The Second Report of the Stewart Committee (Report). Cmnd. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1983.
  11. ^ McInnes, John (16 March 2004). "The Summary Justice Review Committee: REPORT TO MINISTERS". scot.gov. Scottish Government. p. Chapter 11: ALTERNATIVES TO PROSECUTION. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  12. ^ Leverick, Fiona. "Plea and Confession Bargaining in Scotland" (PDF). ejcl.org.uk. Netherlands Comparative Law Association. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  13. ^ "Anger as violent criminals get fiscal fine deals". heraldscotland.com. Herald Scotland. 23 June 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  14. ^ "Summary Justice Reform: Thematic Report on the Use of Fiscal Fines". gov.scot. Inspectorate of Prosecution in Scotland. 25 March 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2017. Overall the vast majority of Fiscal Fines for assaults were appropriate and proportionate especially looked at from the general principles of summary justice reform, in particular speedier disposal (most cases were dealt with within a few days of receipt from the police) and less inconvenience to witnesses etc.
  15. ^ "Most fiscal fines "appropriate and proportionate", says inspectorate". journalonline.co.uk. Law Society of Scotland. 25 March 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  16. ^ "Fiscal fines". gov.scot. Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service. 19 May 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2017. Claims in the media that some sex offenders are being offered fiscal fines rather than face a court are unfounded, the Crown Office said today.
  17. ^ Johnson, Simon (19 September 2013). "More than 500,000 warning letters sent to criminals who ignore fines". telegraph.co.uk. The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 March 2017. The figures mean that the total of warning letters for non-payment of fiscal fines over the past four years was 189,256, with the annual total more than doubling.
  18. ^ "Almost half of fiscal fines are unpaid despite enforcement regime". heraldscotland.com. Herald Scotland. 26 March 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2017. Last night Bill Aitken, Tory justice spokesman and chairman of the justice committee, said many offenders had no intention of paying. He said: "Why will they not arrange to take payments from benefits or salaries, thus ensuring that we get the money?"