산타크루치안

산타크루치아 시대는 신제종의 초기 미오세네 시대 내 지질학적 시간(17.5~16.3 Ma)의 기간으로, 남미에서 SALMA 분류에 보다 구체적으로 사용된다. 콜휴후아피안(Colhuehuapian)을 따르며 프리아시안 시대에 앞선다.^[1]

어원

이 나이는 아르헨티나 파타고니아 주 골프고 산호르헤 분지에 있는 산타크루즈 형성의 이름을 따서 지어졌다.

형성

포메이션 굵은 활자는 활자	나라	분지	메모들
산타크루즈 포메이션	아르헨티나	오스트레일리아 분지	[2][3]
아이솔 포메이션	아르헨티나	산 라파엘 블록	[4]
칸타우어 포메이션	베네수엘라	팔콘 분지	[5]
카스티요 포메이션	베네수엘라	팔콘 분지	[6]
세로 볼레도라스 형성	아르헨티나	오스트레일리아 분지	[7]
차구아라마 형성	베네수엘라	베네수엘라 동부 분지	[8]
칠카타이 포메이션	페루	피스코 분지	[9][10]
추칼형성 - 추칼동물	칠리	알티플로노 분지	[11]
쿠라-말린 그룹	칠리	쿠라-말린 분지	[12]
그란 바호 델 구알리초 형성	아르헨티나	콜로라도 분지	[13]
지몰 포메이션	콜롬비아	코시네타스 분지	[14]
마리뇨 포메이션	아르헨티나	쿠요 분지	[15]
핀투라스 포메이션	아르헨티나	오스트레일리아 분지	[16][3]
리오유카 포메이션	베네수엘라	바리나-아푸레 분지	[17]

화석

그룹	화석	포메이션	메모들
포유류	Abderites meridionalis, Acarechimys pascuali, Acaremys major, A. messor, A. murinus, A. tricarinatus, Acdestis lemairei, A. oweni, Acrocyon sectorius, Acyon bardus, A. tricuspidatus, Adianthus bucatus, Adiastaltus habilis, A. procerus, Adinotherium ferum, A. ovinum, A. robustum, Ameghinomys constans, A. rarus, Anatherium defossus, Anathitus revelat또는, 아크토딕티스 뮤니지, 아르키로마니스 파타고니쿠스, cf. Asterostemma depressa, Astrapotherium magnum, Borhyaena tuberata, Cladosictis patagonica, Cochlops muricatus, Diadiaphorus majusculus, D. robustus, Dicardia fissa, Encinepeltus petesatus, Eocardia montana, Eucholoeops fronto, E. ingens, Euphractus patagonicus, Eutatus carinatus, E. deleo, E. lagena, Hapalops angustipalatus, H. elongatus, H. indifferens, H. longiceps, H. platycephalus, H. ponderosus, Hegetotherium mirabile, Homalodotherium cunninghami, Homunculus patagonicus, Interatherium excavatum, I. extensum, I. robustum, Licaphrium floweri, Lycopsis torresi, Metopotoxus laevatus, Microbiotherium acicula, M. gallegosense, M. patagonicum, M. tehuelchum, Necrolestes patagonensis, Neoreomys australis, Nesodon imbricatus, N. marmoratus, Orthoarthrus mixtus, Pachyrukhos moyani, Palaeothentes aratae, P. intermedius, P. minutus, P. lemoinei, P. pascuali, Paraeutatus distans, Pelecyodon cristatus, Peltephilus ferox, P. giganteus, P. nanus, P. pumilus, P. strepens, Perathereutes pungens, Phanomys mixtus, P. vetulus, Phonocdromus gracilis, Plagiocoelus obliquus, Planops magnus, Prepotherium filholi, P. potens, Proeutatus oenophorum, P. robustus, Propalaehoplophorus australis, P. incisivus, P. minus, Protamandua rothi, Prothylacinus patagonicus, Protypotherium attenuatum, P. australe, P. praerutilum, Prozaedyus exilis, Prozaedius proximus, Pseudoacaremys kramarzi, Pseudonotictis pusillus, Schismotherium rectangularis, Sipalocyon gracilis, S. obusta, Spaniomys modestus, Stegotherium tauberi, S. tesselatum, Steiromys detentus, S. duplicatus, Stenotatus hesternus, Stilotherium dissimile, Tetramerorhinus cingulatum, T. fortis, T. lucarius, T. mixtum, Theosodon garrettorum, T. gracilis, T. lydekkeri, Thoatherium minusculum, Vetelia 펑타, 하이퍼렙투스 sp, 네마테리움 sp, 네우리루리니 sp, 페리미스 sp, 시카미스 sp, 마이르메코파기스과.	산타크루즈	[18][19] [20][21] [22][23] [24][25] [26][27] [28][29] [30][31] [32][33] [34][35] [36][37] [38][39] [40][41] [42]
	cf. 아스트라포테리움 스프로, cf. 테오소돈 sp, 로마포리니 인데, 미로돈트니에 인데, 프로팔래호플로포리나에 인데, 톡쏘돈트과 인데.	아이솔	[43]
	바라과트리움타쿠마라	카스티요	[44]
	제나스트라포테리움 크리스티, 보레오스템마 sp.	차구아라마스	[8][45]
	Altitypotherium chucalensis, A. paucidens, Eotypotherium chico, Hegetotherium cf. mirabile, Nesodon imbricatus, Parapropalaehoplophorus septentrionalis, Acarechimys sp., Adinotherium sp., Neoreomys sp., cf. Peltephilus sp., Stenotatus sp., 테오소돈 sp, 옥토돈토아 인데, 톡쏘돈티아과 인데.	추칼	[46]
	페도테리움 단조, 아카레치미스 첨탑, app. 알로이미스 스파, ?히토테리움 주둥이, 냅둬 Incamys sp., Luantus sp., Maruchito sp., Prostichomys sp., Protacaremys sp., cf. Protypotherium sp., Sipalocyon sp., Abderitidae indet., Astrapotheria indet., Astrapotheriidae indet., Caviomorpha indet., Dasypodidae indet., Eocardiidae indet., Hegetotheriinae indet., Interatheriinae indet., Pachyrukhinae indet., Toxodontidae indet., 타이포테리아 인데트.	쿠라말린	[47][48]
	프로헤게테리움 쉬아피노이, 러스코니테리움 멘도센스,Thoatherriopsis mendocensis, Scleromys sp.	마리뇨	[49][50] [51][52]
	아카레키미스 미니티시무스, 아카레미스 뮤리누스, 악데스티스 오웬이, 아델포미스 칸디다스, 브라니사미우스 프라에시그모이드, 카를로체버스 카르메넨시스, C. 매개체, ?디아디아포루스 카니디오시스, 에스트로미스 앤텍스, E. homogenidens, Galileomys eurygnathus, Luantus toldensis, L. propheticus, Microbiotherium cf. gallegosense, M. tehuelchum, Neoreomys australis, N. pinturensis, Oligobiotherium divisum, Pachybiotherium illuminatum, Perimys erutus, P. intermedius, Phanomys mixtus, Picturotherium migueli, Prostichomys bowni, Prothoatherium lacerum, Scleromys osbornian우리, S. 쿼드랑굴라투스, 소리아스부스 아드리아나, S. ameghinorum, Spaniomys medus, Steiromys principus, S. duplicatus, T. fleaglei, T. 프로리스텐스, 프롤라고스토머스 pp, Stichomys sp, 테오소돈 sp.	핀투라스	[53][54] [55][56] [57][58]
새들	Anisolornis excavatus, Badiostes patagonicus, Brontornis burmeisteri, Cariama santacrucensis, Eoneornis australis, Eutelornis patagonicus, Liptornis hesternus, Opisthodactylus patagonicus, Paraptenodytes antarcticus, Patagornis marshi, Phorusrhacos longissimus, Protibis cnemialis, Psilopterus bachmanni, P. lemoinei, Thegornis debilis	산타크루즈	[22][23] [25][42]
	실로프테라과.	아이솔	[43]
파충류 & 양서류	디아세모사우루스 오시덴탈리스, 디볼로소돈 타이피쿠스, 에리코사우루스 봄비막실라, E. 데빌리스, E. 디밀루스, 칼립토세팔레아스프, 콜루브리다인데트.	산타크루즈	[21][22] [23][59]
	크로코딜리아 인데트.	아이솔	[43]
	아누라 인데.	추칼	[46]
	크로코딜레아과, 개비알아과아과.	지몰	[60]
	콜루브리대 인데.	핀투라스	[61]
물고기	까르샤히니과, 달라티과, 헤미갈레과, 람니과, 밀리오바티과, 인데.	지몰	[60]
플로라	아라우카리아 마렌시이, 도로톡실론 비센티페레시이, 유크리피아실론 유크피오이데스, 미르세우게니아 추부텐스, 노토파골실 트리시리아툼, 울미늄 아틀란틱움	산타크루즈	[31]

참조

참고 문헌 목록

산타크루즈 포메이션

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• Bostelmann, J. Enrique; Jacobus P. Le Roux; Ana Vásquez; Néstor M. Gutiérrez; José Luis Oyarzún; Catalina Carreño; Teresa Torres; Rodrigo Otero, and Andrea Llanos, C. Mark Fanning, Francisco Hervé. 2013. Burdigalian deposits of the Santa Cruz Formation in the Sierra Baguales, Austral (Magallanes) Basin: Age, depositional environment and vertebrate fossils. Andean Geology 40. 458–489. Accessed 2019-02-28.
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• Buffetaut, Éric. 2016. A reassessment of the giant birds Liornis floweri Ameghino, 1895 and Callornis giganteus Ameghino, 1895, from the Santacrucian (late Early Miocene) of Argentina. Palæovertebrata 40. e3. Accessed 2019-02-28.
• Cenizo, Marcos Martín, and Federico Lisandro Agnolín. 2010. The southernmost records of Anhingidae and a new basal species of Anatidae (Aves) from the lower–middle Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 34. 493–514. Accessed 2019-02-28.
• Chandler, Robert M. 2012. A new species of tinamou (Aves: Tinamiformes, Tinamidae) from the Early-Middle Miocene of Argentina. PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 9. 1–8. Accessed 2019-02-28.
• Ercoli, Marcos D., and Francisco J. Prevosti. 2011. Estimación de masa de las especies de Sparassodonta (Mammalia, Metatheria) de edad Santacrucense (Mioceno Temprano) a partir del tamaño del centroide de los elementos apendiculares: inferencias paleoecológicas. Ameghiniana 48. 462–479. Accessed 2019-02-28.
• González, Laureano Raúl, and Gustavo Juan Scillato Yané. 2008. Una nueva especie de Stegotherium Ameghino (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae, Stegotheriini) del Mioceno de la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina). Ameghiniana 45. 641–648. Accessed 2019-02-28.
• Mayr, Gerald, and Jorge I. Noriega. 2015. A well-preserved partial skeleton of the poorly known early Miocene seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60. 589–598. Accessed 2019-02-28.
• Muñoz, Nahuel A.; Néstor Toledo; Adriana M. Candela, and Sergio F. Vizcaíno. 2019. Functional morphology of the forelimb of Early Miocene caviomorph rodents from Patagonia. Lethaia 52. 91–106. Accessed 2019-02-28.
• Noriega, Jorge I., and Gerald Mayr. 2017. The systematic affinities of the putative seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis (Noriega et al., 2009) from the Miocene of Argentina. Contribuciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 7. 133–139.
• Noriega, Jorge I.; Sergio F. Vizcaíno, and Susana Bargo. 2009. First Record and a New Species of Seriema (Aves: Ralliformes: Cariamidae) from Santacrucian (Early-Middle Miocene) Beds of Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29. 620–626. Accessed 2019-02-28.
• Sinclair, W., and M. Farr. 1932. Aves of the Santa Cruz beds. Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia (1896–1899) 7. 157–191.
• Verzi, Diego H.; A. Itatí Olivares, and Cecilia C. Morgan. 2017. Systematics and evolutionary significance of the small Abrocomidae from the early Miocene of southern South America. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 29. 411–422. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Richard F. Kay, and Susana Bargo. 2012. Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 1–370. Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521194617. Accessed 2017-10-21.

아이솔 포메이션

• Forasiepi, Analía M.; Esperanza Cerdeño; Mariano Bond; Gabriela I. Schmidt; Maximiliano Naipauer; Fiona R. Straehl; Agustín G. Martinelli; Alberto C. Garrido, and Mark D. Schmitz and James L. Crowley. 2015. New toxodontid (Notoungulata) from the Early Miocene of Mendoza, Argentina. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 89. 611–634. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Forasiepi, Analía M.; Agustín G. Martinelli; Marcelo S. De la Fuente; Sergio Dieguez, and Mariano Bond. 2011. Paleontology and stratigraphy of the Aisol Formation (Neogene), San Rafael, Mendoza, 135–154. Cenozoic Geology of the Central Andes of Argentina, SCS Publisher, Salta. Accessed 2017-10-01.

칸타우어 포메이션

• Mendi, David, and Eliana Rodríguez. 2005. Integración geológica de la Península de Paraguaná, Estado Falcón (MSc thesis), 1–184. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Accessed 2017-10-26.

카스티요 포메이션

• Johnson, Kenneth G.; Marcelo R. Sánchez Villagra, and Órangel A. Aguilera. 2009. The Oligocene-Miocene transition on coral reefs in the Falcón Basin (NW Venezuela). PALAIOS 24. 59–69. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Rincón, Ascanio D.; Andrés Solórzano; H. Gregory McDonald, and Mónica Núñez Flores. 2017. Baraguatherium takumara, gen. et sp. nov., the earliest mylodontoid sloth (early Miocene) from northern South America. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24. 179–191. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Rincón, Ascanio D.; Andrés Solórzano; Mouloud Benammi; Patrick Vignaud, and H. Gregory McDonald. 2014. Chronology and geology of an Early Miocene mammalian assemblage in North of South America, from Cerro La Cruz (Castillo Formation), Lara State, Venezuela: implications in the 'changing course of Orinoco River' hypothesis. Andean Geology 41. 507–528. Accessed 2018-09-07.
• Solórzano, Andrés; Ascanio D. Rincón; Giovanne M. Cidade; Mónica Núñez Flores, and Leonardo Sánchez. 2018. Lower Miocene alligatoroids (Crocodylia) from the Castillo Formation, northwest of Venezuela. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments _. 1–19. Accessed 2018-09-07.
• Urbani, Franco, and David Mendi. 2010. Notas sobre la discordancia del margen sur de la cuenca Oligo-Miocena de Falcón estados Lara, Falcón y Yaracuy, Venezuela. Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales LXX. 9–25. Accessed 2017-08-15.

세로 보헤도레스 형성

• Dal Molín, C.N., and F. Colombo. 2003. Sedimentación neógena en la Cuenca del Río Zeballos y del Río Jeinemeni (47° Latitud Sur) Antepaís patagónico Argentina. Geogaceta 34. 139–142. Accessed 2018-09-10.

차구아라마 형성

• Horovitz, Inés, and Marcelo R. Sánchez Villagra. 2012. El Registro Fósil del Cenozoico, 133–156. Venezuela Paleontológica: Evolución de la diversidad en el pasado. Accessed 2017-10-21.

칠카타이 포메이션

• Bianucci, Giovanni; Giulia Bosio; Elisa Malinverno; Christian De Muizon; Igor M. Villa; Mario Urbina, and Olivier Lambert. 2018. A new large squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru sheds light on the Early Miocene platanistoid disparity and ecology. Royal Society Open Science 5. 172302.
• De la Cruz, Aldo Alván. 2008. Geología de Ocucaje: aportes en la sedimentología y paleontología de Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú). Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG 11. 51–59. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Lambert, Olivier; Christian De Muizon; Elisa Malinverno; Claudio Di Celma; Mario Urbina, and Giovanni Bianucci. 2017. A new odontocete (toothed cetacean) from the Early Miocene of Peru expands the morphological disparity of extinct heterodont dolphins. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16. 981–1016. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Lambert, Olivier; Giovanni Bianucci, and Mario Urbina. 2014. Huaridelphis raimondii, a new early Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34. 987–1004. Accessed 2019-02-12.

쿠라-말린 그룹

• Flynn, John J.; Reynaldo Charrier; Darin A. Croft; Phillip B. Gans; Trystan M. Herriott; Jill A. Wertheim, and André R. Wyss. 2008. Chronologic implications of new Miocene mammals from the Cura-Mallín and Trapa Trapa formations, Laguna del Laja area, south central Chile. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 26. 412–423. Accessed 2017-10-20.
• Shockey, Bruce J.; John J. Flynn; Darin A. Croft; Phillip Gans, and André R. Wyss. 2012. New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses. American Museum Novitates 3737. 1–64. Accessed 2019-02-15.
• Utgé, Silvana; Andrés Folguera; Vanesa Litvak, and Víctor A. Ramos. 2009. Geología del sector norte de la Cuenca de Cura Mallín en las Lagunas de Epulaufquen, Neuquén. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 64. 231–248. Accessed 2017-10-01.

그란 바호 델 구알리초 형성

• Reichler, Valeria A. 2010. Estratigrafía y paleontología del Cenozoico marino del Gran Bajo y Salinas del Gualicho, Argentina, y descripción de 17 especies nuevas. Andean Geology 31. 177–219. Accessed 2018-09-11.

지몰 포메이션

• Amson, Eli; Juan D. Carrillo, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2016. Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange. Palaeontology _. 1–20. Accessed 2017-03-31.
• Cadena, Edwin, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2015. Early to middle Miocene turtles from the northernmost tip of South America: giant testudinids, chelids, and podocnemidids from the Castilletes Formation, Colombia. Ameghiniana 52. 188–203. Accessed 2017-08-08.
• Carrillo, Juan D.; Eli Amson; Carlos Jaramillo; Rodolfo Sánchez; Luis Quiroz; Carlos Cuartas; Aldo F. Rincón, and Marcelo R. Sánchez Villagra. 2018. The Neogene record of northern South American native ungulates. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 101. 1–67. Accessed 2019-02-11.
• Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Thodoris Argyriou; Vladimir Zapata; René Kindlimann, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2016. A New Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Elasmobranchii Assemblage from the la Guajira Peninsula, Colombia. Ameghiniana 53. 77–99. Accessed 2017-08-08.
• Hendy, Austin J.W.; Douglas S. Jones; Federico Moreno; Vladimir Zapata, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2015. Neogene molluscs, shallow marine paleoenvironments, and chronostratigraphy of the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 134. 45–75. Accessed 2017-08-08.
• Moreno, F.; A.J.W. Hendy; L. Quiroz; N. Hoyos; D.S. Jones; V. Zapata; S. Zapata; G.A. Ballen, and Edwin Cadena, A.L. Cárdenas, J.D. Carrillo Briceño, J.D. Carrillo, D. Delgado Sierra, J. Escobar, J.I. Martínez, C. Martínez, C. Montes, J. Moreno, N. Pérez, R. Sánchez, C. Suárez, M.C. Vallejo Pareja, C. Jaramillo. 2015. Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 134. 5–43. Accessed 2017-08-08.
• Moreno Bernal, Jorge W. 2014. Fossil Crocodilians from the High Guajira Peninsula of Colombia, and the History of Neogene Crocodilian Diversity in Tropical South America, 1–66. University of Nebraska. Accessed 2017-08-08.
• Suárez, Catalina; AnalÍa M. Forasiepi; Francisco J. Goin, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2015. Insights into the Neotropics Prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36. e1029581. Accessed 2019-02-13.

마리뇨 포메이션

• Cerdeño, Esperanza; Bárbara Vera, and Ana María Combina. 2018. A new early Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Mariño Formation (Argentina): Taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 88. 118–131. Accessed 2019-02-11.
• Villafañe, A. L.; G. I. Schmidt, and E. Cerdeño. 2012. Consideraciones sistemáticas y bioestratigráficas acerca de Thoatheriopsis mendocensis Soria, 2001 (Litopterna, Proterotheriidae). Ameghiniana 49. 365–374.
• Cerdeño, Esperanza; G. M. López, and M. A. Reguero. 2008. Biostratigraphic considerations of the Divisaderan faunal assemblage. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28. 574–577.
• Cerdeño, Esperanza, and M. Guiomar Vucetich. 2007. The first rodent from the Mariño Formation (Miocene) at Divisadero Largo (Mendoza, Argentina) and its biochronological implications. Andean Geology 34. 199–207. Accessed 2017-10-23.
• Cerdeño, Esperanza; B. González Riga, and O. Bordonaro. 2006. Primer hallazgo de mamíferos en la Formación Mariño (Mioceno) en Divisadero Largo (Mendoza, Argentina). Ameghiniana 43. 205–214.

핀투라스 포메이션

• Kramarz, Alejandro G., and Mariano Bond. 2005. Los Litopterna (Mammalia) de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno Temprano-Medio de Patagonia. Ameghiniana 42. 611–625. Accessed 2017-08-15.
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리오유카 포메이션

• Rincón, Ascanio D.; Andrés Solórzano; Oliver Macsotay; H. Gregory McDonald, and Mónica Nüñez Flores. 2016. A new Miocene vertebrate assemblage from the Río Yuca Formation (Venezuela) and the northernmost record of typical Miocene mammals of high latitude (Patagonian) affinities in South America. Geobios 757. 1–35. Accessed 2019-02-12.