라즈카리당

라즈카리당

حزب رزكاري
라즈카리당 حزب رزكاري
설립자	파얄 파흐루
창립	1975년 4월 3일 (
신문	제바트 (transl.투쟁)
이데올로기	쿠르드 민족주의
국민 소속	3·8 동맹
슬로건	아랍어: علي - تةءا - وفḥ, 로마자: '아말 - 타치야 - 와파', '일 - 희생 - 충성'
레바논 의회	0 / 128
레바논 내각	0 / 30
당기
	레바논의 정치; 정당; 선거;

라즈카리당^[2]^[i]()은 1975년 4월 3일 파이스 파크루가 창당한 레바논-쿠르드계 정당으로,^[1]^[4] 쿠르드계 정당인 라즈카리당()을 중심으로 활동하고 있습니다.라즈카리당의 창당을 이끈 세 가지 주요 의견 차이는 KDP-L이 쿠르드어를 사용하지 않는 쿠르드족에게 호소하는 데 실패한 것, 이라크-쿠르드 분쟁에서 이라크 정부의 제안을 지지하는 것, 그리고 당 지도부 ^[6]내 족벌주의에 대한 비난이었습니다.라즈카리당은 레바논 내전이 끝난 후에도 계속 존재했으며, 레바논의 약 10만 명의 쿠르드족을 대표하는 유일한 정당이 되었고, 헤즈볼라와 3월 8일 ^[2]^[5]동맹과 연합했습니다.

레바논 내전

라즈카리당이 창당된 직후 공식 게시판 제바트(쿠르드어: خەبتا▁', '투쟁')를 통해 1975-76년 레바논 내전에서 중립을 선언했습니다.그 후, 레바논 민족 운동과 레바논 ^[6]전선에 찬성하지 않는 애국 및 민족 정당 전선과 연합했습니다.

라즈카리당은 사담 후세인의 이라크 정권에 대항하여 싸우는 쿠르드 반군 세력을 지지했지만, 1976년 12월 4일 라즈카리당은 친이라크 KDP-L과 힘을 합쳐 알-자바 알-와타니야 알-쿠르디야 알-아리다를 결성했습니다.진보적 쿠르드 ^[4]전선이라고도 알려져 있습니다.새로운 전선의 목표는 레바논 내전 동안 쿠르드 파벌을 통합하고, 레바논 내 쿠르드족의 사회 정치적 지위를 개선하고, 고용과 시민권에서 쿠르드족의 권리를 유지하는 것이었습니다.통일전선은 KDP-L 지도자 자밀 미후가 ^[6]1977년 시리아 당국에 체포되면서 1년밖에 지속되지 않았습니다.

라즈카리 2세

KDP-L과의 짧은 동맹은 하피즈 알 아사드의 시리아 동맹인 압디 이브라힘이 이끄는 좌파 라즈카리 또는 라즈카리 2세로 알려진 분열 그룹으로 라즈카리 당의 일부를 분리하는 것으로 이어졌습니다.이 단체는 진보 쿠르드 전선의 결성을 거부했는데, 이는 그들이 ^[4]우익으로 간주한 KDP-L의 지도자 자밀 미후의 지도력을 포함했기 때문입니다.그들은 라즈카리당의 파얄 파크루 사무총장이 친이라크적이고 모든 쿠르드족에게 충분히 포용적이지 않다고 비난했습니다.분열파는 1982년 6월 이스라엘이 레바논을 침공할 때까지 계속 기능했으며, 사무총장 압디 이브라힘은 시리아로 도망쳤습니다.압디 이브라힘이 도주한 직후, 당내 고위 인사 중 한 명인 자밀 하산은 분파 조직에서 이탈하여 레바논 사회주의 라즈카리당을 창당했습니다.자밀 하산은 1984년 말 파흐루와 화해하고 레바논 사회당 라즈카리당과 원래 라즈카리당의 합병을 선언한 후 그가 결성한 정당에서 쫓겨났습니다.레바논 사회주의 ^[6]라즈카리당은 1985년에 폐지되었습니다.

남북전쟁 이후

2009년, 당시 라즈카리당의 사무총장이었던 마흐무드 키드르 파타 아흐마드는 그들과 ^[2]긴밀한 관계를 맺고 있는 ^[7]헤즈볼라 대표단을 만났습니다.

2015년 현재, Rudaw는 그 시점에서 레바논의 쿠르드족을 대표하는 유일한 정치 조직인 Razkari Party가 재정적 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 일부는 더 ^[2]이상 생존하지 못할 것이라고 믿고 있다고 보고했습니다.

2020년 10월 5일, 당시 라즈카리당의 사무총장이었던 마흐무드 키드르 파타 아마드가 73세의 나이로 사망했다고 발표되었습니다.시리아 쿠르드 민주당은 이 ^[1]사건을 계기로 라즈카리당에 애도의 뜻을 전했습니다.

참고 항목

메모들

^ 다른 철자로는 리즈카리,^[3] 리즈카리,^[4] 리즈카리,^[5]^[6] 리즈카리가 있습니다.

레퍼런스

^ ^a ^b ^c "وفاة رئيس حزب رزگاري الكوردي اللبناني عن 73 عاماً" [The head of the Lebanese-Kurdish Razkari Party has passed away at the age of 73]. Rudaw Media Network (in Arabic). 2020-10-05. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Faraydun, Bahroz (2015-09-29). "Impoverished Lebanese Kurds lack political voice". Rudaw Media Network. Retrieved 2023-08-14. Although an estimated 100,000 Kurdish people live in Lebanon, they have only one political organization to represent them, the Razkari (Liberation) Party. The Razkari Party, which has close ties to Hezbollah, is allegedly suffering from financial problems and some believe it will not be able to survive much longer. The prospect of this is disheartening to the many Kurds who feel marginalized in the country.
^ "News from Beirut". Lebanon.Com. 1997-04-01. Retrieved 2023-08-14. The Kurdish Rizkari party called the community members to get ready to the forthcoming municipal elections and obtain cards.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Collelo, Thomas, ed. (1989). Lebanon: a country study (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division. LCCN 88600488 – via Library of Congress. Riz Kari was another Kurdish group dissatisfied with the leadership of the Kurdish Democratic Party. Established in 1975 by Faysal Fakhu, Riz Kari supported the Kurdish forces fighting against the Iraqi regime. For a brief period during the 1975 Civil War, however, Riz Kari joined forces with the Kurdish Democratic Party to form the Progressive Kurdish Front in an effort to eliminate differences in the ranks of Lebanese Kurds. Riz Kari was weakened in the mid-1970s by the defection of part of its organization, which called itself the Leftist Riz Kari, or Riz Kari II. This organization, led by Abdi Ibrahim, a staunch ally of Syria, rejected the formation of the Progressive Kurdish Front because it included the "right-wing" leadership of Mihhu.
^ ^a ^b Özdemici Cinal, Ayşe Selcan (2017-03-30). "The Mardinite Community in Lebanon: Migration of Mardin's People". Report. Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies (208): 18. ISBN 978-605-9157-17-9. The Mardinite Kurds, particularly the first generation émigrés, are politically more active (...) via their civil society organizations or political parties such as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Lebanon, Rizgari or other groups within the March 8 bloc.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Meho, Lokman I.; Maglaughlin, Kelly L. (2001-02-28). Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-313-01680-6. Retrieved 2023-08-15 – via Google Books. Rezgari (The Lebanese Kurdish Party): Three reasons were used by Faysal Fakhru to justify the founding of this party on April 3, 1975: the failure of al-Parti to appeal to non-Kurmanji speakers, Mihhu's support for the Iraqi regime's plans for Kurdish autonomy, and the leadership structure of al-Parti which seemed to have been transformed into a Mihhu family organization rather than representing the interests of the whole Kurdish community. Soon after its formation, the Rezgari declared through its bulletin, Xebat (The Struggle) , its support for the Lebanese government and its neutrality towards the various factions participating in the civil war. Accordingly, it participated in Jabhat al-Ahzab wa al-Qiwa al-Qawmiyya wa al-Wataniyya fi Lubnan, which was in favor neither of the policies adopted by the Muslim-dominated Lebanese National Movement nor those of the Christian-dominated Lebanese Front. In a surprise move, on December 4, 1976, Mihhu and Fakhru put their differences and verbal attacks aside and announced the formation of al-Jabha al-Wataniyya al-Kurdiyya al-'Arida (The Broad Kurdish National Front) whose main goals were to unify Kurdish political action in Lebanon, guarantee the unity of the Kurdish community in Lebanon, improve their social and political status, and to uphold the rights of Lebanese Kurds in employment and citizenship. They also agreed to support the Lebanese National Movement and, at the same time, welcomed the intervention of the Arab Deterrence Forces led by Syria, an act seen by them as the best solution to end the war. The Front ceased exsitence in less than a year due to the imprisonment of Mihhu by the Syrians. Keeping a very low profile on the Lebanese scene after 1977, Rezgari continues to exist today. Rezgari II (The Lebanese Kurdish Party): Following the creation of the Broad Kurdish National Front between al-Parti and Rezgari, a faction within the latter split off accusing General Secretary Fakhru of "reconciling with Mihhu and returning to Kurdish tribalism." Led by 'Abdi Ibrahim, this new faction also protested Mihhu's domination of the Front and accused Fakhru of following Mihhu's pattern in not appealing to various Kurdish groups. In addition, Fakhru was accused of favoring Baghdad's autonomy plans for Iraqi Kurdistan. In early 1977, Ibrahim announced that he would maintain and preserve the basic principles of the parent party and denounce the establishment of the Front. As a result, he declared the formation of a new party, the Lebanese Kurdish Party (or Rezgari II) which replaced Rezgari in Jabhat al-Ahzab wa al-Qiwa al-Qawmiyya wa al-Wataniyya fi Lubnan. Rezgari II continued to function until the Israeli invasion in June 1982. Thereafter, the party practically ceased to exist when its General Secretary left for Syria; his attempt to revive the party three years later eneded with failure. In fact, soon after Ibrahim left in June 1982, Jamil Hasan, a leading member in the party broke away in November of the same year to establish the Lebanese Socialist Rezgari Party. Hasan himself was thrown out of the new faction after re-allying himself with Fakhru and declaring the merger of both the Socialist Party and Rezgari in late 1984. Witnessing more break-ups, the Socialist party ceased existence in 1985.
^ "وفد من حزب الله زار مركز "حزب رزكاري": لنبذ التفرقة والتعصب الديني من أي فئة أتى" [A delegation from Hezbollah visited the "Razkari Party": renouncing discrimination and religious intolerance from any group]. Al-Ahed News (in Arabic). 2009-11-07. Retrieved 2023-08-14.

레바논 정당에 대한 이 기사는 진부합니다.위키백과를 확장하여 도움을 줄 수 있습니다.

[7] 다른 철자로는 리즈카리,^[3] 리즈카리,^[4] 리즈카리,^[5]^[6] 리즈카리가 있습니다.

[:2-1] "وفاة رئيس حزب رزگاري الكوردي اللبناني عن 73 عاماً" [The head of the Lebanese-Kurdish Razkari Party has passed away at the age of 73]. Rudaw Media Network (in Arabic). 2020-10-05. Retrieved 2023-08-15.

[:0-2] Faraydun, Bahroz (2015-09-29). "Impoverished Lebanese Kurds lack political voice". Rudaw Media Network. Retrieved 2023-08-14. Although an estimated 100,000 Kurdish people live in Lebanon, they have only one political organization to represent them, the Razkari (Liberation) Party. The Razkari Party, which has close ties to Hezbollah, is allegedly suffering from financial problems and some believe it will not be able to survive much longer. The prospect of this is disheartening to the many Kurds who feel marginalized in the country.

[3] "News from Beirut". Lebanon.Com. 1997-04-01. Retrieved 2023-08-14. The Kurdish Rizkari party called the community members to get ready to the forthcoming municipal elections and obtain cards.

[:1-4] Collelo, Thomas, ed. (1989). Lebanon: a country study (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division. LCCN 88600488 – via Library of Congress. Riz Kari was another Kurdish group dissatisfied with the leadership of the Kurdish Democratic Party. Established in 1975 by Faysal Fakhu, Riz Kari supported the Kurdish forces fighting against the Iraqi regime. For a brief period during the 1975 Civil War, however, Riz Kari joined forces with the Kurdish Democratic Party to form the Progressive Kurdish Front in an effort to eliminate differences in the ranks of Lebanese Kurds. Riz Kari was weakened in the mid-1970s by the defection of part of its organization, which called itself the Leftist Riz Kari, or Riz Kari II. This organization, led by Abdi Ibrahim, a staunch ally of Syria, rejected the formation of the Progressive Kurdish Front because it included the "right-wing" leadership of Mihhu.

[Jinal-5] Özdemici Cinal, Ayşe Selcan (2017-03-30). "The Mardinite Community in Lebanon: Migration of Mardin's People". Report. Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies (208): 18. ISBN 978-605-9157-17-9. The Mardinite Kurds, particularly the first generation émigrés, are politically more active (...) via their civil society organizations or political parties such as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Lebanon, Rizgari or other groups within the March 8 bloc.

[:3-6] Meho, Lokman I.; Maglaughlin, Kelly L. (2001-02-28). Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-313-01680-6. Retrieved 2023-08-15 – via Google Books. Rezgari (The Lebanese Kurdish Party): Three reasons were used by Faysal Fakhru to justify the founding of this party on April 3, 1975: the failure of al-Parti to appeal to non-Kurmanji speakers, Mihhu's support for the Iraqi regime's plans for Kurdish autonomy, and the leadership structure of al-Parti which seemed to have been transformed into a Mihhu family organization rather than representing the interests of the whole Kurdish community. Soon after its formation, the Rezgari declared through its bulletin, Xebat (The Struggle) , its support for the Lebanese government and its neutrality towards the various factions participating in the civil war. Accordingly, it participated in Jabhat al-Ahzab wa al-Qiwa al-Qawmiyya wa al-Wataniyya fi Lubnan, which was in favor neither of the policies adopted by the Muslim-dominated Lebanese National Movement nor those of the Christian-dominated Lebanese Front. In a surprise move, on December 4, 1976, Mihhu and Fakhru put their differences and verbal attacks aside and announced the formation of al-Jabha al-Wataniyya al-Kurdiyya al-'Arida (The Broad Kurdish National Front) whose main goals were to unify Kurdish political action in Lebanon, guarantee the unity of the Kurdish community in Lebanon, improve their social and political status, and to uphold the rights of Lebanese Kurds in employment and citizenship. They also agreed to support the Lebanese National Movement and, at the same time, welcomed the intervention of the Arab Deterrence Forces led by Syria, an act seen by them as the best solution to end the war. The Front ceased exsitence in less than a year due to the imprisonment of Mihhu by the Syrians. Keeping a very low profile on the Lebanese scene after 1977, Rezgari continues to exist today. Rezgari II (The Lebanese Kurdish Party): Following the creation of the Broad Kurdish National Front between al-Parti and Rezgari, a faction within the latter split off accusing General Secretary Fakhru of "reconciling with Mihhu and returning to Kurdish tribalism." Led by 'Abdi Ibrahim, this new faction also protested Mihhu's domination of the Front and accused Fakhru of following Mihhu's pattern in not appealing to various Kurdish groups. In addition, Fakhru was accused of favoring Baghdad's autonomy plans for Iraqi Kurdistan. In early 1977, Ibrahim announced that he would maintain and preserve the basic principles of the parent party and denounce the establishment of the Front. As a result, he declared the formation of a new party, the Lebanese Kurdish Party (or Rezgari II) which replaced Rezgari in Jabhat al-Ahzab wa al-Qiwa al-Qawmiyya wa al-Wataniyya fi Lubnan. Rezgari II continued to function until the Israeli invasion in June 1982. Thereafter, the party practically ceased to exist when its General Secretary left for Syria; his attempt to revive the party three years later eneded with failure. In fact, soon after Ibrahim left in June 1982, Jamil Hasan, a leading member in the party broke away in November of the same year to establish the Lebanese Socialist Rezgari Party. Hasan himself was thrown out of the new faction after re-allying himself with Fakhru and declaring the merger of both the Socialist Party and Rezgari in late 1984. Witnessing more break-ups, the Socialist party ceased existence in 1985.

[8] "وفد من حزب الله زار مركز "حزب رزكاري": لنبذ التفرقة والتعصب الديني من أي فئة أتى" [A delegation from Hezbollah visited the "Razkari Party": renouncing discrimination and religious intolerance from any group]. Al-Ahed News (in Arabic). 2009-11-07. Retrieved 2023-08-14.

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