Martin Weitzman

Martin Weitzman
Born
Meyer Levinger

(1942-04-01)April 1, 1942
New York City, U.S.
DiedAugust 27, 2019(2019-08-27) (aged 77)
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Spouse(s)Jennifer Bäverstam Weitzman
InstitutionHarvard University
FieldEnvironmental economics
School or
tradition		Environmental economics
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Stanford University
Swarthmore College
Doctoral
advisor		Robert Solow
Doctoral
students		Nat Keohane, Andrew Metrick, Gernot Wagner
AwardsTop 15 Financial Times-McKinsey Business Book of the Year 2015 for Climate Shock[1]
Information at IDEAS / RePEc

Martin Lawrence Weitzman (April 1, 1942 – August 27, 2019) was an economist and a professor of economics at Harvard University. He was among the most influential economists in the world according to Research Papers in Economics (RePEc). His latest research was largely focused on environmental economics, specifically climate change and the economics of catastrophes.

Personal

A New York Times obituary details how Weitzman "was born Meyer Levinger on April 1, 1942, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan to Joseph and Helen (Tobias) Levenger. His mother died before he was 1; his father, after returning from military service in World War II, was apparently unable to care for the child, and he was placed in an orphanage. His adoptive parents, Samuel and Fannie (Katzelnick) Weitzman, who were elementary-school teachers, gave him the name Martin Lawrence Weitzman."[2]

Weitzman received a B.A. in Mathematics and Physics from Swarthmore College in 1963. He went on to receive an M.S. in Statistics and Operations Research from Stanford University in 1964, and then attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a Ph.D. in Economics in 1967. Weitzman first joined the Yale University faculty, in 1967, moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, before joining the economics department at Harvard University in 1989, where he taught until his death in 2019.[2] Weitzman died by suicide on August 27, 2019 at the age of 77."[2][3][4][5]

리서치

웨이츠먼의 연구는 환경 및 천연자원경제학, 녹색회계학, 생물다양성의 경제학, 환경규제경제학, 기후변화경제학, 할인, 비교경제시스템, 이익공유경제학, 경제계획학, 거시이론의 미시건설을 포함한 광범위한 주제를 다루었다.

웨이츠만의 많은 연구는 기후 변화에 초점을 맞췄다. 기후변화에 대한 전통적인 비용 편익 분석에서는 지구 온난화 감소 비용(온실가스 배출량 감소 비용) 대 편익(잠재적으로 기후변화를 중단하거나 둔화시키는 비용)을 검토한다. 그러나 대부분의 분석에서 급격한 기후 변화로 인한 피해는 고려하지 않는다. 웨이츠먼은 비용 편익 분석에 급격한 기후변화를 추가해 기후변화 규제에 즉각적인 조치를 취해야 한다는 점을 보여줬다.[6]

웨이츠만의 과거 연구는 고정 대 이익 분배 임금과 실업률에 대한 효과에 초점을 맞췄다. 그는 기업이 이익분담임금을 사용할 때, 즉 기업이 잘 될 때 종업원이 더 높은 임금을 받는다는 것을 의미하며, 기업은 더 낮은 실업률을 가지고 있고 불황기에 더 잘 할 수 있다고 제안했다.

Weitzman은 가격 대 수량 통제에 대한 그의 연구로 알려져 있다. Weitzman은 불확실성에 직면했을 때 한계효익 대 한계비용의 상대적 기울기를 검토하여 어떤 유형의 통제가 가장 효과적일지를 결정해야 한다고 제안했다. 예를 들어, 오염의 경우, 한계비용과 한계손상의 상대적 기울기를 조사해야 한다(최소혜택은 한계손상의 회피다). 그의 연구는 한계비용의 경사가 더 가파르면 가격제어가 더 효과적이고 한계손상의 상대적 경사가 더 높으면 수량제어가 더 효과적이라는 것을 보여주었다.

또한 Weitzman은 John C와 독립적으로 Gittins 지수(적용 확률 문헌에서 유명한 결과)를 도출했다. 기틴스.[7]

Teaching

Weitzman began his teaching career in 1967 as an assistant professor of economics at Yale University. Three years later Weitzman was promoted to associate professor, and he remained in this position until 1972 when he joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an associate professor. In 1974, Weitzman became a professor at MIT, where he taught until 1989. From 1986 to 1989, Weitzman was recognized as a Mitsui professor at MIT. In 1989, Weitzman became an Ernest E. Monrad Professor of Economics at Harvard University and has remained in this position for the last 18 years. He taught two graduate courses: Ec2680 Environmental and Natural Resource Economics and Ec2690, Environmental Economics and Policy Seminar.

Other positions

Weitzman served as a consultant to The World Bank, Stanford Research Institute, International Monetary Fund, Agency for International Development, Arthur D. Little Co., the Canadian Parliamentary Committee on Employment, Icelandic Committee on Natural Resources, and the National Academy Panel on Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting.

He also served as associate editor of the following publications: Journal of Comparative Economics, Economics Letters, Journal of Japanese and International Economies, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management.

Recognition

  • National Science Foundation Fellow, 1963–1965
  • Woodrow Wilson Fellow, 1963–64
  • Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellow, 1966
  • Guggenheim Fellow, 1970–71
  • Fellow of the Econometric Society, 1976–present
  • Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1986–present
  • Association of Environmental and Resource Economists: Special Award for "Publication of Enduring Quality".
  • Keynote speaker, 2002 World Congress of Environmental Economists
  • Keynote speaker, 2006 World Congress of Animal Geneticists

Works

Books

Weitzman wrote three books: The Share Economy: Conquering Stagflation;[8] Income, Wealth, and the Maximum Principle; and, most recently, Climate Shock,[1] jointly with Gernot Wagner.[9] In The Share Economy: Conquering Stagflation, Weitzman proposed that a main cause of stagflation is paying workers a fixed wage, regardless of how the company is performing. He introduced an alternate labor payment system as a way of combating stagflation. Income, Wealth, and the Maximum Principle is a book geared to advanced economic students, particularly those who want to be able to formulate and solve complex allocation problems and who are interested in the relationship between income accounting and wealth or welfare. Climate Shock details how what we know about global warming is bad and what we don't know is potentially much worse.[1][10][11][12]

페이퍼스

웨이츠먼은 90개 이상의 논문을 발표했는데, 그 중 많은 논문이 경제학 저널에 실렸다. 그의 논문 몇 편이 아래에 열거되어 있다. 그의 마지막 논문은 2019년에 발표되었다.

  • Weitzman, M.L. (October 1974). "Prices vs. Quantities". The Review of Economic Studies. 41 (4): 477–491. doi:10.2307/2296698. JSTOR 2296698.
  • Weitzman, Martin L. (September 2007). "A Review of The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change" (PDF). Journal of Economic Literature. XLV (3): 703–724. doi:10.1257/jel.45.3.703.
  • Weitzman, Martin L. "Subjective Expectations and Asset-Return Puzzles" (PDF). OpenScholar@Harvard.
  • Weitzman, M.L. (2009). "On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic Climate Change". Review of Economics and Statistics. 91 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1162/rest.91.1.1.
  • 웨이츠만, M.L. (2018년) "잠재적으로 큰 평형 기후 민감도 꼬리 불확실성" 경제학 편지. 168: 144-146.pii/S01651765183033?%3Dihub를 통해
  • 웨이츠만, M.L. (2019)"국가에 걸친 수수료 대 수량". [학회지] 환경자원경제학자협회장. 6: 883-891. 도이:10.1086/704493

참조

  1. ^ a b c Wagner, Gernot; Weitzman, Martin L. (February 22, 2015). Climate Shock: The Economic Consequences of a Hotter Planet (Hardcover ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691159478. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Roberts, Sam (2019-09-04). "Martin Weitzman, Virtuoso Climate Change Economist, Dies at 77". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-09-04.
  3. ^ "Marty Weitzman, In Memoriam". Gernot Wagner. 2019-08-29. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
  4. ^ Roston, Eric (2019-08-29). "The Man Who Got Economists to Take Climate Nightmares Seriously". BNN Bloomberg. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
  5. ^ Roberts, Sam (2019-09-04). "Martin Weitzman, Virtuoso Climate Change Economist, Dies at 77". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  6. ^ Martin Weitzman (2008-06-05). "On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic Climate Change" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
  7. ^ Weitzman, Martin L. (May 1979). "Optimal Search for the Best Alternative". Econometrica. 47 (3): 641–654. doi:10.2307/1910412. hdl:1721.1/31303. JSTOR 1910412. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  8. ^ Weitzman, Martin L. (January 1, 1986). The Share Economy; Conquering Stagflation (Paper ed.). Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674805835. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  9. ^ "Gernot Wagner". Gernot Wagner. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  10. ^ Chait, Jonathan (May 1, 2017). "What If Climate Scientists Are Guessing Wrong?". Daily Intelligencer. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  11. ^ Clark, Pilita (29 March 2015). "'Climate Shock: The Economic Consequences of a Hotter Planet', by Gernot Wagner and Martin Weitzman". Financial Times.
  12. ^ "The economic options for combatting climate change". PBS NewsHour. July 16, 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2021.

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