Countermark

A silver coin of Charles IV of Spain, countermarked for local use in Sumatra

1 Peruvian sol converts to 1 Guatemalan peso – 1891 TF

A countermarked, punchmarked or counterstamped coin is a coin that has had some additional mark or symbol punched into it at some point after it was originally produced while in circulation. This practice is now obsolete.

Countermarking can be done for a variety of reasons. If the currency is reformed, existing coins may be rendered void. In this situation, coins already in circulation could be marked with the new value (according to the new currency system). The life span of existing coins could thus be extended, which might under some circumstances be a cheaper alternative to recalling the coins, melting them and striking replacements. Similarly, foreign coins could be marked as legal or accepted currency, thus allowing them to circulate in the area where they were countermarked. Countermarking can also be done for political reasons, i.e. a new state or régime demonstrating its authority by countermarking coins issued by the previous state.

Some experts recommend not to use the term countermark and counterstamp as synonyms, but in different contexts. A counterstamp is applied by a die, and by machine to an existing coin, while a countermark is punched onto the coin, mostly by hand, using a punch and a hammer or a primitive hand-operated machine. Often countermarks are applied by private persons, as is the case with chops (often referred to as chopmarks), which were punched by money changers, bankers or shroffs onto foreign coins circulating in China in the 19th century. In contrast the use of counterstamps should be authorized by a local or national Government.

펀치마크(funchmark)라는 용어는 펀치(funch)가 적용된 다양한 기호를 가진 표준 중량의 동전 모양의 금속 조각으로, 소위 펀치마크(funchmark)라고 알려진 것을 나타내는 최초의 인도 은화를 지칭할 때 주로 사용된다.

참고 항목

오버스트라이크(숫자학) — 기존 코인 위에 새로운 디자인이 부딪히는 경우
동전에 찹마르크
모조품
펀치마크동전

참조

버치, 볼프강 : "찹 아니면 찹마크?" 찹마크 뉴스. 2002년 10월 12일, 숫자주의자들의 특별한 모임인 찹마크 컬렉터 클럽의 뉴스레터 8권, 4권, 추라 비스타, 페이지 12.
Cuhaj, George S. 외. 표준 세계 동전 카탈로그 1901-2000, 42번째 판, Iola Wisconsin, 2014, 페이지 10, 단락 "Countermark/Counterstamps".
야프, 엘드리히 : "카운터스탬프 vs. 부표". 인: Chopmark News, Chopmark Collectors Club, 15권, 발행물 4, 2011년 12월, 페이지 115–116.