아칸소 주, 노리스타운

Norristown, Arkansas
아칸소 주, 노리스타운
19세기 하천 정착촌과, 후에 러셀빌에 있는 동네
1877 map shows Dardanelle and Norristown on the Arkansas River as well as roads, properties, and geographic features.
1877년 지도는 아칸소 강에 있는 다르다넬과 노리스타운과 도로, 재산, 지리적 특징을 보여준다.
Norristown, Arkansas is located in Arkansas
Norristown, Arkansas
아칸소 주, 노리스타운
아칸소에서의 노리스타운의 위치.
Norristown, Arkansas is located in the United States
Norristown, Arkansas
아칸소 주, 노리스타운
노리스타운, 아칸소 주(미국)
좌표:35°16′30″N 93°10′01″w/35.27500°N 93.16694°W/ 35.27500; -93.16694좌표: 35°16′30″N 93°10′01″W / 35.27500°N 93.16694°W / 35.27500; -93.16694
나라미국
주아칸소 주
카운티교황
표고
548ft(최대 m)
시간대UTC-6(중앙(CST))
• 여름(DST)UTC-5(CDT)
GNIS 피쳐 ID79314

노리스타운은 아칸소 강의 19세기[1] 마을이자 무역 중심지였으며, 후에 미국 아칸소 주 포프 카운티 일리노이 타운쉽에 있는 노리스타운 마운틴에 있는 편입된 마을이었다.그 도시는 1980년 8월 14일 러셀빌과 합병했다.[2][3][4]

역사

19세기 노리스타운 정착지는 러셀빌 남쪽, 아칸소 강, 상류, 다르다넬에서 강 건너편에 위치해 있었다.노리스타운 인근에 처음 거주한 사람은 1830년대 뉴저지에서 아칸소주로 이주한 새뮤얼 노리스로 추정된다.그 정착지는 수년간 꾸준히 성장하여 약 300~400명이 거주하였다.1834년경에는 교황군에서 옐로 현이 만들어지고 노리스타운이 더 이상 군 중앙에 위치하지 않게 되자 1841년 도버로 옮겨지기 전까지 교황군의 군좌 역할을 했던 작은 공동체였다.계절에 따라 항해할 수 있는 아칸소 강둑과 기성 우편 우체국 도로 위에서는 이 마을이 지역 무역과 해운 중심지 역할을 했다.남북전쟁 당시 뉴턴 카운티의 한 광산으로부터 광산을 채굴하고 niter를 가공하기 위한 중장비가 강을 타고 노리스타운으로 들어왔다.[5]

그 도시는 수도 T처럼 보이는 곳에 배치되었다.그것의 두 거리는 표시되지 않았지만, 주민들은 그들을 "리버 스트리트"와 "메인 스트리트"라고 불렀다.1839년 사뮤얼 노리스와 함께 우체국장으로 설립된 우체국은 1882년에 문을 닫았다.[6][7]

1830년대와 40년대에 동부 아메리카 원주민들이 인도 영토로 이주하는 동안, 수천 명이 노리스타운을 통과했고, 많은 사람들이 그곳에 위치한 나룻배를 타고 강을 건넜다.[8][9][10][11][12]

노리스타운은 1800년대 중반에 걸쳐 활동했지만 세기가 끝날 무렵에는 아무것도 남아 있지 않았다.아칸소 강의 변칙적인 성격과 인근 러셀빌을 통한 리틀록 & 포트 스미스 철도의 건설로 인해, 노리스타운과 같은 작은 강가 해운과 시장 중심지처럼 강가 선박 운송이 감소하고 사라졌다.마을의 일부가 강물에 잠기고 나머지는 농경지로 바뀌었다.[13]1852년부터 1934년까지 활용되고 국가 사적지에 등재된 노리스타운 묘지는 마을의 마지막 유적이다.[14]

노리스타운의 원래 정착지는 현재 미국 공병대 휴양지인 올드 포스트 로드 파크가 자리 잡고 있다.이 공원의 이름은 아칸소주 이 지역의 첫 우편 노선에서 따온 것으로, 노리스타운을 관통했다.[15]1830년 여객선이 공원의 보트 경사로의 현 위치에서 강을 건넜다.

20세기에 노리스타운이라고도 불리는 비법인 공동체가 러셀빌과 아칸소 강 사이의 4.5마일 길이의 능선인 노리스타운 산과 주변에서 발전했다.[16]이후 노리스타운 마을로 편입되어 1980년 8월 14일 러셀빌로 통합되었다.

참조

  1. ^ Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Western Arkansas. Chicago and Nashville: The Southern Publishing Company. 1891. p. 208.
  2. ^ United States Board on Geographic Names (1982). Decisions on Geographic Names in the United States. Department of the Interior. p. 2.
  3. ^ "Ordinace #969 Approving the Consolidation of the Town of Norristown to the City of Russellville". Russellville, Arkansas. Russellville Document Center. August 14, 1980. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  4. ^ "Norristown". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. December 31, 1999. Retrieved March 30, 2022. Former incorporated Town of Norristown merged with Russellville on August 14, 1980. Elevation: 171 meters/561 feet
  5. ^ Johnson, James (1990). "Bullets for Johnny Reb: Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau in Arkansas". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. Arkansas Historical Association. 49 (2): 136. Retrieved April 2, 2022. Entrepreneurs had to furnish their niter mines with equipment before they could become operational on a large scale. The equipment was bulky, heavy, and costly. The machinery for Thompson's Cave Creek mine came from New Orleans via the Mississippi and Arkansas rivers to Norristown, three miles south of Russellville, then was freighted sixty-five miles across the Boston Mountains to the factory site by wagon.
  6. ^ "New Post Offices". Arkansas Ties, Wayback Machine. Little Rock, Arkansas: Arkansas Gazette. March 27, 1839. Retrieved April 2, 2022. New Post Offices - The following post offices have been recently established in Arkansas: Bolivia, Poinsett county, Wm. Thrawer, P.M.; Norristown, Pope county, Samuel Norris, P.M.; Richland, Jefferson County, Nath'l H. Fish, P.M.
  7. ^ "Norristown (Pope County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Central Arkansas Library System (CALS). Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  8. ^ "Journey of Survival". Arkansas Natural and Cultural Resources Council. Retrieved March 30, 2022. Although the settlement at Dardanelle had existed for decades before Indian removal began, during the removal period its importance was eclipsed by Norristown on the north side of the river. Located on (Norristown) Mountain south of present-day Russellville, it was named for Samuel Norris, the leading merchant, who settled at the site in 1829 and later took over the ferry. It was at this ferry that traffic from the Little Rock Road to Fort Gibson crossed to take the Military Road south of the river, laid out in 1831. It especially accommodated those whose destination was the Choctaw Agency at Scullyville. The Chickasaws and Choctaws, primarily, took the southern route past Fort Smith, but contingents of other tribes did as well. Most of the Creeks and three large contingents of Cherokees continued on the north side of the river, taking the road to old Dwight Mission, which branched off the Military Road near Potts’ Stand, or another road that became the Hickeytown Road, opened in 1834. Between late 1831 and 1842, groups of Choctaws, Muscogees (Creeks), Seminoles, and Chickasaws, passed through or by Norristown.
  9. ^ "Journey of Survival". Arkansas Natural and Cultural Resources Council. Retrieved March 30, 2022. Choctaw: On December 24, 1831, the first group of Choctaws to cross the river at Dardanelle consisted of eighteen Choctaws who had crossed the Mississippi at Memphis with twenty-four saddle horses and were driving a herd of about seventy-five “loose horses” belonging to Samuel Garland’s party. Ponies were significant in Choctaw culture and were a vital part of the Choctaw economy, and the Choctaws were determined to get as many of their animals to the West as possible. Another small group belonging to Choctaw Peter Pitchlynn’s party from the Aheput Okla (“Spread out potato people”) District, followers of Chief Mushulatubbee, passed through with a herd in January 1832, while the main party went up river by steamboat. The first major overland group to cross the river at Norristown, numbering over 1,000, was led by Capt. John Page in December 1832. This group had fallen prey to cholera between Memphis and Rock Roe, a number had died, and many were sick. They had taken the Post Road by way of Erwin’s settlement to reach Cadron and the Military Road. Said one traveler, “The poor Indians suffer dreadfully, their exposed situation to the weather, their unwholesome diet, and the impossibility of their procuring efficient medical aid, are sufficient to give them cholera or something worse.” They crossed the river at Dardanelle on December 6, at which time Page issued rations of bacon, corn meal, and salt to 1,052 persons and forage for 2,014 horses and oxen. This group was followed by some 450 under the direction of Wharton Rector. They had started west on their own but had stalled in the swamp west of Memphis and were subsisting by hunting. When a removal agent found them, he sent them with Rector by way of Erwin’s settlement to Cadron and on up the Military Road. The last Choctaw party to cross the river numbered 190, directed by John M. Millard in December 1833. They, too, had traveled from the Grand Prairie on the old Arkansas Post to Cadron Road by way of Erwin’s settlement and then up the Military Road.
  10. ^ "Journey of Survival". Arkansas Natural and Cultural Resources Council. Retrieved March 30, 2022. Creek: United States officials used the authority of the Treaty of Washington (1832) to forcibly remove the Creeks, although it was not specifically a removal treaty. Between 1834 and 1837, more Creeks than members of any other tribe went overland through Arkansas. Lt. John T. Sprague, conducting a large party of Cussetas and Cowetas, camped at Potts’ Stand, now Pottsville, for several days after November 12, 1836. Sprague’s party had split at Memphis, some going by steamboat and others, with him, by land. At Little Rock they were supposed to meet, but the steamboat had been ordered to go to Cadron. When they left Little Rock, Tuckabatche Hadjo, the Coweta chief, and about 100 followers remained behind to wait for stragglers and the return of a group with his brother, who were hunting bears in the swamp east of the St. Francis. When Sprague’s contingent reached Cadron, the steamboat had been delayed by low water, so he continued with a plan to meet them at Dardanelle. When the John Nelson arrived at Dardanelle on November 13, Sprague took about three hundred of “the lame, sick, and blind” and others to Norristown and ferried them across the river to board the boat. Tuckabatche Hadjo had boarded her at Little Rock and, with his followers, disembarked and went to Potts’ Stand. Sprague’s party remained there until November 19, waiting for stragglers along the road to catch up. When they departed that day, Tuckabatche Hadjo and his party refused once more to move on until all of the stragglers caught up. Sprague’s group went on, along the Dwight road.
  11. ^ "Journey of Survival". Arkansas Natural and Cultural Resources Council. Retrieved March 30, 2022. Seminole: Seminole removal began in 1836 and did not end until 1859. The Seminoles took up arms to resist removal, and as the war went on, removal parties were made up of prisoners or those who had surrendered. Nearly all removed through Arkansas on steamboats. They traveled overland only when low water forced them off the river. Only two small groups of Seminoles, one in 1838 and one in 1842, passed through Norristown. The Apalachicolas and Dog Island Creeks had run aground at Taylor’s Bar below Cadron in 1838, and started overland from there. On December 4, 1838, Samuel Norris ferried the party of 285 across the river along with 4 horsemen and 8 wagons and teams. He supplied the group with fresh beef, corn, and corn meal. The steamboat Liverpool was chartered to take them from Dardanelle to the mouth of the Illinois River near Fort Gibson. The Halleck Tustenuggee band of about 100, had run aground below Little Rock in 1842 and had taken the Military Road from there. When they crossed the ferry at Norristown is uncertain, but they arrived in the Creek Nation in Indian Territory on September 6.
  12. ^ "Journey of Survival". Arkansas Natural and Cultural Resources Council. Retrieved March 30, 2022. Chicasaw: Chickasaws removed under provisions of the Treaty of Pontotoc (1832) and a Supplemental Treaty (1834). Many of the Chickasaws traveled the Southwest Trail from Little Rock on their way to the Choctaw Nation, while large numbers traveled by steamboat up the Arkansas to Fort Coffee. Only five groups passed through Norristown in 1837 and 1838, numbering over 2,000. The first was a group of 38 Chickasaws led by William R. Guy, driving about 58 horses. They crossed the ferry at Norristown the first week in August 1837. The second was a small group led by William Love. The third group numbered 1,796 Chickasaws with over 3,000 horses. They crossed the river at Norristown in January 1838 with 70 large and 3 small wagons. Wrote Charles “Boggy” Johnson, who was with the group: “We had only two small flats to ferry with, and it took us a week to cross the river.” He added, “The day we left Dardanelle, the dreaded ‘schokwah’ small pox broke out, and there our real trouble commenced.” The fourth group was the Clean House Chickasaws who numbered about 150. They crossed the river on Norris’s ferry on February 22, 1838. The last group was made up of Chickasaws who had started west on their own. At Little Rock, they agreed to be led the rest of the way by John M. Millard. They left Little Rock on May 29, 1838, and crossed Samuel Norris’s ferry with their wagons, horses, cattle, and oxen on June 8.
  13. ^ "Norristown (Pope County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansaa. Central Arkansas Library System (CALS). Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  14. ^ "Norristown Cemetery". Encyclopedia of Arkansaa. Central Arkansas Library System (CALS). Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  15. ^ "Project History". US Army Corps of Engineers. Little Rock District. Retrieved March 30, 2022. Old Post Road Park occupies the former site of Norristown, a once thriving river town and Pope County Seat. The park derives its name from the fact that the first postal route in this part of Arkansas ran through Norristown. As early as 1834, a four horse coach was used to carry mail through Norristown on the route between Little Rock and Dwight Mission.
  16. ^ "Norristown Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. April 29, 1980. Retrieved March 30, 2022.

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