컬러 북 프로토콜
Coloured Book protocols컬러 북 프로토콜은 1970년대에 영국에서 개발된 컴퓨터 네트워크를 위한 통신 프로토콜 세트였다. 각 프로토콜이 규격 문서의 표지 색상으로 식별되면서 유래된 명칭이다. 이 프로토콜들은 인터넷 프로토콜 제품군이 널리 사용되기 시작한 1990년대까지 사용되었다.
역사
1975년에 처음 정의한 이들은 1977년부터 우체국통신에 의해 운영되는 실험 패킷 교환 서비스에 대한 경험을 통해 진화했다.[1] 그것들은 1980년부터 SERCnet에서 사용되었고,[2] 1984년부터 자넷 학술 네트워크가 되었다. 이 프로토콜들은 최초의 완전한 X.25 표준으로 국제적으로 어느 정도 받아들여졌고,[1][3] 영국이 "다른 나라보다 몇 년 더 앞서"도록 했다.[4]
1991년 말부터 인터넷 프로토콜이 자넷 네트워크에 채택되었다. 인터넷 프로토콜은 1997년 8월 X.25 지원이 전면 중단될 때까지 한동안 동시에 운영되었다.[5][6]
프로토콜
표준은 표지 색상으로 식별된 문서에 정의되었다.[1][3][7]
핑크 북
핑크북은 이더넷을 통한 전송을 위한 프로토콜을 정의했다. 프로토콜은 기본적으로 LLC2를 통해 실행되는 X.25 레벨 3이었다.
오렌지 북
Orange Book은 케임브리지 링(컴퓨터 네트워크)을 사용하여 로컬 네트워크를 통해 전송하기 위한 프로토콜을 정의했다.
황서
옐로북은 주로 X.25를 통해 운영되는 NITS(네트워크 독립 전송 서비스)라고도 알려진 YBTS 프로토콜을 정의했다. 1970년대 후반 산업부의 데이터 통신 프로토콜 유닛에 의해 개발되었다. 그것은 또한 TCP를 통해서도 실행될 수 있다.[8] Simple Mail Transfer Protocol은 NITS를 통해 실행될 수 있도록 확장되었다.[9]
The Yellow Book Transport Service was somewhat misnamed, as it does not fulfill the Transport role in the OSI 7-layer model. It really occupies the top of the Network layer, making up for X.25's lack of NSAP addressing at the time, which didn't appear until the X.25 (1980) revision, and wasn't available in implementations for some years afterwards. YBTS used source routing addressing between YBTS nodes—there was no global addressing scheme at that time.
The Green Book
The Green Book defined two protocols to connect terminals across a network: an early version of what became Triple-X PAD running over X.25, and the TS29 protocol modelled on Triple-X PAD, but running over YBTS. It was developed by Post Office Telecommunications. These protocols are similar in functionality to TELNET.
The Fawn Book
The Fawn Book defined the Simple Screen Management Protocol (SSMP)
The Blue Book
The Blue Book defined the Network-Independent File Transfer Protocol (NIFTP), analogous to Internet FTP, running over YBTS. Unlike Internet FTP, NIFTP was intended for batch mode rather than interactive usage.
The Grey Book
The Grey Book defined protocols for e-mail transfer (not file transfer as is sometimes claimed), running over Blue Book FTP.
The Red Book
The Red Book defined the Job Transfer and Manipulation Protocol (JTMP), a mechanism for jobs to be transferred from one computer to another, and for the output to be returned to the originating (or another) computer, running over Blue Book FTP.
Naming scheme
One famous quirk of Coloured Book was that components of hostnames used reverse domain name notation as compared to the Internet standard. For example, an address might be user@UK.AC.HATFIELD.STAR
instead of user@star.hatfield.ac.uk
.[2][10][11][12]
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c Davies, Howard; Bressan, Beatrice (2010-04-26). A History of International Research Networking: The People who Made it Happen. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 2–3. ISBN 978-3-527-32710-2.
- ^ a b "6th UK Network Operators' Forum Meeting Agenda". www.uknof.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
See "15:00 Starting the Commercial Internet in the UK (Peter Houlder)"
- ^ a b Earnshaw, Rae; Vince, John (2007-09-20). Digital Convergence - Libraries of the Future. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-84628-903-3.
- ^ "FLAGSHIP". Central Computing Department Newsletter (12). January 1991. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
- ^ "FLAGSHIP". Central Computing Department Newsletter (16). September 1991. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
- ^ "Janet(UK) Quarterly Report to the Janet Community: July 1997 to September 1997". Janet webarchive. 1997. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012.
- ^ Rutter, Dorian (2005). From Diversity to Convergence: British Computer Networks and the Internet, 1970-1995 (PDF) (Computer Science thesis). The University of Warwick.
- ^ C. J. Bennett (12 August 1980). "The Yellow Book Transport Service: Principles and Status". rfc-editor.org.
- ^ Jon Postel (August 1982). Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. IETF. sec. C. doi:10.17487/RFC0821. RFC 821.
- ^ Mansell, Robin; Mansell, Dixons Chair in New Media and the Internet Interdepartmental Programme in Media and Communications Robin (2002). Inside the Communication Revolution: Evolving Patterns of Social and Technical Interaction. Oxford University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-19-829656-0.
- ^ Reid, Jim (2007-04-03). "The Good Old Days: Networking in UK Academia ~25 Years Ago" (PDF). UKNOF7. Manchester. Retrieved 2008-04-16.
- ^ The "Hidden" Prehistory of European Research Networking. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4669-3935-6.
References
- A Dictionary of Computing. Oxford University Press, 2004, s.v. "coloured book"