V. R. 파튼
V. R. PartonV. R. 파튼 | |
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![]() V. R. 파톤이 버밍엄 포스트의 기자에게 3D 체스를 시연하는 장면, 1957년 9월 9일 | |
태어난 | 버논 라이랜드 파튼 )2 1897년 10월 |
죽은 | 1974년 12월 31일 잉글랜드 리버풀 | (77세)
국적 | 영어 |
직업 | 선생님 |
로 알려져 있다. | 앨리스 체스 체스 변종 발명 |
버논 라이랜드 파튼(Vernon Rylands Parton, 1897년 10월 2일 ~ 1974년 12월 31일)은 영국의 체스 애호가였으며 다작의 체스 변종 발명가로, 그의 가장 유명한 변종은 앨리스 체스였다.[1][2]파튼의 많은 변종들은 루이스 캐롤의 작품에 나오는 가상의 인물들과 이야기들에 의해 영감을 받았다.루이스 캐롤과 같은 파튼의 정규 교육 배경은 수학에 있었다.[3]파튼의 관심사는 넓었고 에스페란토의 신봉자였다.
파튼의 조기 교육은 아버지의 학교에서 비롯되었는데, 그 학교에서도 그가 도움을 주었다.파튼의 아버지는 캐녹 문법 학교의 교장이자 어린이를 위한 작은 국제 기숙학교의 교장과 소유주였다.체스터 티칭 칼리지에서 수학을 마친 파튼은 아버지 학교로 돌아와 라틴어, 프랑스어, 독일어, 영어, 속기, 타이핑, 부기, 수학 등으로 나이 든 아이들에게 개인 지도를 했다.[3]1920년대에 그는 그의 아버지가 공립학교에서 가르치기 위해 돌아오는 동안 학교를 책임지게 되었다.건강이 나빠서 파튼의 교직 경력이 짧아졌다.
1960년 파튼은 캐녹에서 리버풀로 옮겨 페니 레인 근처의 계단식 주택으로 옮겨갔고, 1961년부터 1974년까지(사후 1975년) 그의 발명품을 상세히 기록한 9개의 모노그래프를 연재했다.그는 1974년 12월 31일 리버풀에서 77세의 나이로 폐기종으로 사망했다.같은 해, 변종 발명가 필립 M. 코헨은 명예를 걸고 변종인 파튼 체스를 만들었다.
나는 그의 무릎을 꿇고 앉아 [루이스 캐롤] 이야기를 들었던 뚜렷한 기억이 있는데, 보이는 책이 아니다.
나는 항상 그를 온화하고 친절한 사람으로 알고 있었고, 그의 어두운 기분은 거의 보지 못했다.그는 아이들과 가장 잘 어울리는 것 같았다.
나는 번이 그가 가장 좋아하는 장소인 마을 도서관이나 담배가게에 자주 동행하여 담배를 피우는 사람이 된 것을 1950년경까지 자주 보았다.그는 혼자서 외출하는 것을 매우 꺼리는 것 같았다.그에게는 가장 좋아하는 삼촌이 있었는데, 그는 눈이 멀었고, 번은 그를 호위하는 것에 만족했다.
번은 결코 자신의 일로 금전적으로 혜택을 받고 싶지 않았지만, 시각장애인을 위한 자선단체에 기부만 부탁했다.
— Peter Parton (nephew)[3]
체스 변종 발명품들
이 절은 체스의 움직임을 묘사하기 위해 대수적 표기법을 사용한다. |
큐빅 체스
파톤에 의한 이 6×6×6 3D 변종에서 보드는 A(하단 레벨)에서 F(상단 레벨)까지로 표시된다.각 면에는 킹(K), 퀸(Q), 비숍(B), 유니콘(U), 기사(N), 루크(R) 등 6개, 12개의 볼모가 있다.[4]
게임 규칙
조각들은 Raumschach에서와 동일하게 움직인다. 단, 전당들이 한 단계 앞으로 움직이고 포획하는 것(직교적으로, 대각선으로 또는 3각형으로)은 제외한다. 단, 직접적으로 위아래로 이동하거나 하지는 않는다.체스나 라움차흐에서처럼 목표는 체크메이트다.
- White의 시작 설정: KAA1, QAb1, BAc1, UAd1, NAe1, RAf1, Aa2–f2 및 Ba1–f1의 전당
- 블랙의 시작 설정: KAf6, QAe6, BAd6, UAc6, NAb6, RA6; Aa5–f5 및 Ba6–f6의 전당
변형
파톤은 같은 게임판에 대해 큐빅 체스를 변형했다.강박 큐빅 체스에서 포획은 의무적이며, 수표가 없으며, 대상은 상대 왕을 포획하는 것이다.
앨리스 체스
파튼의 가장 유명한 체스 변종, 두 개의 인접한 체스 판에서 연주되었다.이상하게를 이사회에서 마법처럼 난데없이 자동으로 하나의 게시판에 대한 움직임을 완료합니다." 사라져 갑자기 보드에 나오기!"앨리스는 체스에서[5] 대한 움직임:조치에 연주되는 회원이며,의 사각형 반대 위원회에 비어 있게 되야 한다로 합법화 되야 한다.(Consequentl 두가지 기본적인 규정을 가지고 있다.y, 포획은 현재 조각이 서 있는 보드에서만 가능하다.)
앨리스가 현실에서 반사된 것으로 그 시선 유리를 통과함으로써 이상한 상황에 부딪히듯이, 앨리샤 체스에게는 두 개의 별개의 보드에서 이상한 게임이 만들어진다!하나의 보드가 다른 하나의 보드로써 다른 하나의 보드로써, 결과적인 플레이는 아마도 앨리스 자신의 게임인 "보이지 않는 유리 사이로"Through the Looking-Glass"에서처럼 환상적인 캐릭터를 가진 게임이다.루이스 캐롤이 체스를 위한 어떤 아이디어에 도장을 남기지 않았다는 것은 얼마나 큰 손실이었을까!그가 내가 현재 게임의 앨리스의 이름을 사용하는 것을 승인할 것인지 아닌지는 풀 수 없는 문제다.
— V. R. Parton, Curiouser and Curiouser (1961)
D부터. B. 프리처드의 인기 있는 체스 변형(2000):[2]
루이스 캐롤의 애칭 여주인공의 이름을 따서 적절한 이름을 붙인 이 멋진 게임은 버논 파튼의 영감이었다.이 책의 다른 게임들을 다 넘겨도, 이 게임을 놓치지 마라.그러나, 아아, 거의 알려지지 않은, 이제 거의 반세기 된 앨리스 체스는 계속해서 개종자들을 끌어들이고 있다.앨리스 선수들의 몸은 꾸준히 성장한다.
미친 3당 체스
이 변종은 10×10 보드에 세 명의[a] 플레이어를 위한 것이다.각 플레이어는 추가 킹을 포함하여 자신만의 색깔로 표준 피스 세트를 가지고 있지만,[b] 졸은 없다.
게임 규칙
판자가 비기 시작한다.플레이어는 돌아가면서 보드 주위를 시계 방향으로 돌면서 빈 광장에 자신의 조각 중 하나를 놓는다.왕은 꼴찌가 되지만, 견제해서는 안 된다.
각 선수의 두 왕은 다르게 표시된다. (예를 들어 선수의 두 왕 중 한 명은 별을 표시할 수 있다.)각 선수는 왼쪽으로는 상대의 마크 왕, 오른쪽으로는 마크 없는 상대 왕을 공격한다.상대방의 다른 왕들을 견제하는 것은 허용되지 않는다.
킹을 견제하는 첫 번째 선수가 경기에서 승리한다.
트위들 체스
쌍둥이의 정통 체스 또는 쌍왕 체스로도 알려져 있으며, 각 플레이어는 10×10 보드에 2명의[c] 왕과 2명의 여왕을 두고 있다.한 선수가 상대 왕 중 한 명을 견제함으로써 승리한다.[d]
게임 규칙
일반적인 체스 규칙은 왕과 루크가 "짧은" 성(즉, 왕이 두 칸을 가장 가까운 모퉁이로 이동시키는 것)만 할 수 있고, 전당포들은 어느 단계에서나 한두 걸음 이동할 수 있다는 점을 제외하고는 적용된다.
평.
"그의 퀸즈 쌍이 선수에게 승리를 위한 주요 희망을 제공하겠지만, 그의 쌍둥이 군주 트위들디 왕과 트위들덤 왕이 공동으로 그의 두통 순서를 제공하게 될 것이다!"(Parton 1961:14) 파톤은 선수가 두 왕에 달린 포크에서 짝을 탈출할 수 있는 유일한 방법은 체크 피스를 포착하는 것이라고 지적한다.[e]
보이어는 공격 방향은 두 가지, 방어 포인트는 두 가지여서 이 변종이 "확대 게임"을 산출한다고 말했다.[6]
3월 하레 체스
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게임 규칙
각 턴마다, 선수는 두 가지 동작을 한다: 그는 먼저 자신의 곡 중 하나를, 그리고 나서 상대편의 부하 중 하나를 움직인다.
- 만약 선수가 그의 졸 중 하나를 움직인다면, 그는 "적 왕도 포함해서!" (1961:24) 어떤 적 조각도 옮길 수 있다.
- 만약 플레이어가 그의 여왕, 루크, 비숍 또는 기사를 움직인다면, 그는 반드시 적의 졸을 움직여야 한다.
- 만약 선수가 그의 왕을 움직인다면, 그는 적 왕을 제외한 어떤 적 조각도 옮길 수 있다.
선수가 견제할 때는 자기 부하 한 명을 움직여 자기 차례가 되면 즉시 견제에서 벗어나야 한다.(법적으로 그렇게 할 수 없으면 경기에 패한다.)
체스스스
게임 규칙
이 변종에서는 "한 조각이 정사각형에서 움직일 때마다, 그 특정한 정사각형은 체스판 밖으로 완전히 사라져야 한다!"[h]를 제외한 모든 일반적인 체스 규칙이 적용된다.
파톤은 "분실된" 정사각형을 표시하기 위해 체커 조각을 사용할 것을 제안한다.일단 사라지면, 광장은 다시 점유되지 않을 수도 있지만, 조각들은 그것들을 통해 확인하는 것을 포함하여 사라진 광장을 통과할 수도 있다.
체셔 캣 체스에서는 캐슬링이 불가능하기 때문에, 파튼은 왕들이 게임당 한 번씩 여왕처럼 이동하도록 허용한다.
일반 8×8 보드 및 세트를 이용해 게임을 할 수도 있지만, 파튼은 코너에 2명의 루크가 더 있는 10×10 보드를 '최상'[7]으로 추천한다.
공동 지역 체스
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이 변종에서 여왕은 왕과 같은 견제와 견제를 받는다.[i][j]
게임 규칙
상대 왕이나 여왕의 체크메이트가 경기에서 이긴다.여왕은 움직이며 정상적인 여왕으로 포착하지만, 스스로를 견제하지는 않을 수도 있다.여왕은 공격당한 광장을 지나갈지도 모른다.
졸 승진의 결과인 여왕은 왕족이다.왕비는 멀리서 왕을 견제할 수는 있어도 왕비를 견제할 수는 없다.왕과 왕비 모두 성을 쌓을 수 있다.
Comments
"It will be seen that difficulties for a 'checkmate' of the hostile Queen must chiefly arise from her great mobility which enables her to escape to safety with some degree of ease, in contrast with the King's poor slow power to move out of grave dangers. Victory in Co-regal will be in general achieved by checkmate of the enemy King. [...] A player must acquire two new habits at least. He must crush all his desires to make some brilliant Queen sacrifice. When he attacks the hostile co-regal Queen, he is obliged to give the polite word 'check' as warning!" (Parton 1970a, Part I:2)
Sample game
Walter Whiteman vs. Rib Orrell: 1.e4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e5 3.Nf3 Bc5 4.Bc4 Ng4 5.0-0 Nxf2+ 6.Rxf2 Bxf2+ 7.Kxf2 0-0 8.d3 d6 9.Ng5 Be6 10.Bxe6 fxe6+ 11.Ke1 h6 12.Nxe6+ Qh4+ 13.g3+?? Qxh2 0–1 "Black threatens 14...Qg/h1 mate since a K move is illegal as it exposes the Q to check. If 14.Qg4 (only legal move for Q) Rf2 15.Ne2 (forced: Qxg7 is not mate—it's illegal!) Rxe2+ and mate in three." (Pritchard 1994:72)
Dodo chess
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Played on a regular chessboard, this variant is a simple race game: the first player to reach a square on the last rank with his king is the winner.[l][m][n]
Game rules
Checking is not permitted, neither is exposing one's own king to check. Captures are allowed, however, as in normal chess.
"By way of compensating for the first move (always an advantage in a race game) if White gets there first but Black follows on the next move the game is a draw." (Pritchard 2000:14)
Racing Kings
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This game was the original Dodo chess before being renamed.[9] The rules are the same as Dodo Chess.
Sample game
R. Betza vs. J. Leitel:[9][10] 1.Bd4 Be4 2.Kh3 Ka3 3.Nxc1 Rxc1 4.Be2? Nb3 5.Bh8? Ka4 6.Kg4 Ka5 7.Qh6 Rc6 8.Qe3 Rxe2 9.Qxe4! Qxh8? 10.Qxc6 Qc3 11.Qh6 Rxe1 12.Rxe1 Qxe1 13.Kf5 Qe7 14.Qe6 Qb7 15.Kg6 Nc5 16.Qf7 Ka6 17.Kh7 Ka7 18.Rg8 (18.Kg8 only draws) 1–0
Parton suggests also that play can be extended to a "double course", where a player wins by being first to go to the eighth rank and then return to the first.
Kinglet chess
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Also known as imperial fiddlesticks, there is no checking or checkmate in kinglet chess – kings are treated like any normal piece.[q] The winner is the first player to capture all the opponent's kinglets (i.e. pawns or Fiddlesticks).
Additional rules
When reaching the last rank, a kinglet promotes to a king. If a player is forced to promote his last kinglet, he is then without any kinglets so automatically loses. All pieces including kings are subject to capture. Stalemate is a draw.
Comments
"The idea contains some interesting problems in tactics. The balance between rushing to capture Fiddlesticks [pawns] quickly and fear of becoming defenceless thereby, (loss of major pieces) seems to be subtle and delicate." (Parton 1961:4)
Variations
Parton suggests two "less subtle" variations in Curiouser and Curiouser, one based on Progressive chess where players make an increasing number of moves per turn, and the other based on Marseillais chess where players move two pieces per turn, at least one of which must be a kinglet (or, the same kinglet may be moved twice).[11]
Looking-glass chess
Two separate games ensue in this Parton creation. A player may make any normal move on either board, and then must make the 'looking-glass' (reflected) move on the other board to complete his turn.[r]
Game rules
To illustrate, if White opens with 1.Nf3 on board A, then he must play 1.Nc3 on board B to complete his turn (see diagram). If a reflected move would put the player in check, then the first move may not be made.
The move of a king or queen must be mirrored on the other board, even if this means moving the king several squares. (For example, in the diagram if White captures 2.Nxe5/A Nxd5/B and Black recaptures 2...Qxd5/B, then Black's reflected move is: 2...Kxe5/A.)
Castling is normal, but then the reflected move must be executed to 'castle' the queen. (E.g. if White castles kingside, then reflected queenside castling results in the queen on b1 and the rook on c1.)
Gryphon chess
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Also known as complicacious chess, at the end of a move, the moved piece transforms to a piece of a different type (the next in the series: pawn→knight→bishop→rook→queen→king).[s] So after moving a pawn, the pawn transforms to a knight of the same colour. After moving a knight, it becomes a bishop; and so on. Kings do not transform.
Game rules
A player may have no more than four knights, four bishops, four rooks, or two queens on the board at any one time, but may have as many as fifteen kings. Checkmating any one of the enemy kings wins the game.
Comments
"It will be seen at once that a complicacious pawn reaches the status of kingship in five moves, whereas a complicacious Rook does so in two moves. [...] Naturally, a player will not capture the enemy Queen! Neither will he desire to move his own Queen, to provide the necessary target for his opponent to win by." (Parton 1961:26)
Variations
Circular Gryphon chess |
Simplified Gryphon chess |
In circular Gryphon chess, players have one king for the entire game as in normal chess. But the transformation sequence is changed and made circular: pawn→knight→bishop→rook→queen→pawn. (So, a piece can transform any number of times without limitation.) Again, no more than four knights, four bishops, four rooks, or two queens are permitted in play at any one time.
In simplified Gryphon chess, players start with their king and eight pawns. "The pawns change through the regular Gryphon order and terminate in kingship. Until a player has captured an enemy piece, he is forbidden to move his king sideways or backwards." (Parton 1974:17)
Mock chess
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To win the game, a player must capture all his opponent's pieces, including the king. "A proper pseudomorph to Chess, for it has no elements of check and mate whatever in its basis. Kings are now merely treated like any other chessman." (Parton 1961:15)
Game rules
If a player can capture, he must do so. If more than one capture are possible on his turn, he may choose which one to make. Only one capture per turn may be made.
On its first move, a pawn must advance two squares—unless the pawn's first move is a capture.
Contramatic chess
The normal rules for check and checkmate are contradicted—a player may not check the enemy king, but may move his own king into check. A player wins when his opponent cannot escape giving check.[x]
Game rules
Players start with kings positioned as shown. White places his remaining pieces anywhere he likes on his side of the board, then Black does the same. White moves first.
Checking the opponent is not allowed. (If a player has no move other than to give check, then he loses.) A player may make a move putting his own king in check from enemy piece(s)—unless the move would also give check to the opponent. When a player is in check, his opponent must remove the check on his next turn or lose the game.
Observations
Kings tend to move more than any other piece.[z] Kings cannot occupy adjacent squares, since it would result in giving check to the opponent (in violation of the rules). Captures are rare, since capturing the opponent's men reduces the chance of putting one's own king in check.
Variation
In Complete Contramatic chess (also known as C.C.C.) each player has two kings – a normal (orthodox) king in addition to the regular "contramatic" king. There are two ways to win: putting one's own contramatic king into inescapable check, or checkmating the enemy orthodox king. Players place the orthodox kings last, after other pieces are placed.
Observations
A contramatic king can move to a square adjacent to the enemy orthodox king (since the orthodox king may be checked as in normal chess, and the contramatic king may put itself into check). But an orthodox king may not move adjacent to the enemy contramatic king (since it is not allowed to check an opponent's contramatic king, or to put one's own orthodox king into check).[12]
Idle Kings' chess
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Game rules
Players play without kings until after Black's 12th move, when White places his king on any open square (but not in check), and Black does the same.
Additional rule
After kings are placed the game continues normally, except that kings may not move, unless in check.
Unirexal chess
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Also known as The Black King's Complaint, Unirexal variants are those with only one king on the board. "The black king disappeared, explains Parton, because he was fed up with always being mated in problems." (Pritchard 1994:332)[ab]
Game rules
Black has a second queen[ac] instead of a king, and must checkmate White in a reasonable number of moves (agreed to before the game), otherwise White wins.
Variation
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Black has twenty knights, but no king. If Black does not checkmate White within 50 moves, he loses.
Decimal Rettah chess
This is Parton's first chess variant invention. The idea sprang from a dislike for weak kings: "The king ought to be strong, not feeble, by aesthetic standards: he is the centre around which turns the whole game itself. In consequence, my Rettah monarch is the most powerful of all pieces." (Parton 1961:7)
Each player has two rettahs (kings) and two queens on a 10×10 board. There is no checkmate; a player wins by capturing both opponent's rettahs.
Game rules
A rettah [hatter spelled backwards] moves and captures as a Q+N compound. If a rettah is attacked, the attacking piece must be captured immediately. (If more than one piece is able to capture, the player may choose. An attacked rettah will always have the option to capture.) If a rettah is attacked by two pieces simultaneously, the attacked rettah must capture one of them (the player may choose which).
Pawns can move up to three steps on their first move. There is no en passant. If players agree, pawns can also move one step diagonally forward (to facilitate opening lines). A pawn promotes to rettah, but only if a rettah of the same colour was previously captured. There is no castling in Decimal Rettah.
Variations
Parton gives several variations, although Decimal Rettah is "possibly the earlier version and arguably the better" (Pritchard 1994:82). In Absolute Rettah chess, only a rettah may capture a rettah. (So a successful tactic involves attacking a rettah with a piece guarded by one's own rettah.) In Giveaway Rettah, Decimal or Absolute Rettah are played according to Suicide chess rules. In Rettah chess (one rettah; pawns move only one step forward) and Double Rettah chess (two rettahs; no forced capture; win by checkmating a rettah), play is on a regular 8×8 board.
Sample game
Decimal Rettah, "a game of assault and sacrifice",[15] received high praise from Boyer[6] who published the following sample game [the game uses an alternate initial setup NBKQRRQKBN and incorrect interpretation of the capture rule, requiring that only a rettah may capture its attacker]:
- 1.c3 f6 2.Qb3 Rf8 3.Qxb9+ Kxb9 4.Bf5+ Kxf5 5.e4+ Kxe4 6.f3+ Kxf3 7.Rxf3 Qc6 8.Rh3 Qxc3+ 9.Kxc3 Rc8+ 10.Kxc8 dxc8 11.Qc5 e7 12.Rxh9+ Kxh9 13.Qh5+ Kxh5 14.Ni3+ Kxi3 15.Kxi3 1–0
Identific
In this variant, the identity of chess pieces becomes known as play proceeds.
Game rules
Players first place their 12 counters (draughtsmen) on any squares of their choosing on their own half of the board. (Either White places all his counters first, followed by Black; or one per turn if the players prefer.)
After all counters have been placed, White moves any one of his counters as a regular chess piece of his choosing, then immediately replaces that counter with the corresponding chess piece. Black does similarly on his turn. These "moves of identification" obey the following rules:
- A pawn is identified by the move of a counter one step forward.
- A bishop or queen is identified by a diagonal move two or more squares.
- A rook or queen is identified by an orthogonal move two or more squares.
- Counters cannot capture or give check.
After each player has identified one chess piece, on subsequent turns players may choose to identify an additional piece from those still in-hand, or move one of their chess pieces already on the board. Chess pieces move, capture, give check/checkmate as normal, and may capture enemy counters.
A player's fourth identified piece must be his king. (Or the players can agree on a different schedule, for example, the sixth identified piece.) Players might also want to prevent the early identification of queens, for example, by requiring at least five identifications, or by limiting identification of queen to a player's last-remaining counter.
Synchronistic chess
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"A variant designed, part tongue-in-cheek, to achieve absolute equality." (Pritchard 1994:297) "[...] to eliminate altogether that inequality between White and Black, by the simple idea that White and Black shall always play their corresponding moves simultaneously!" (Parton 1970a, Part I:9)
Game rules
For each turn players decide their moves, write them down secretly, then disclose them. They adjust the position accordingly, using the following rules of resolution when needed:
- If moves were to the same square, then White captures Black if the square is on Black's half of the board; Black captures White if the square is on White's half.
- If moves were reciprocal captures, then both pieces are removed from the board.
- If one player moved to a square the opponent's piece occupied, but that piece moved away in the turn, it is considered captured and removed from the board if it is of lower rank (K > Q > R > B > N > P). If it is the same or higher rank, then both moves stand.
In Synchronistic Chess, simultaneous checkmate is possible.[ah]
Damate
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Also known as Damate Game, the game is a synthesis between draughts and chess.[aj][ak]
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Game rules
A king has no royal powers and is considered a normal man; a player wins by eliminating all the opponent's men. The pieces move normally, except that pawns have no initial two-step option, and besides their normal one-step move straight forward, can move one step diagonally forward. A piece captures an enemy piece by jumping it:
- A king captures by jumping an adjacent man in any direction, landing on the vacant square immediately beyond.
- The rook, bishop, and queen capture by jumping a man in their path, landing on any of the vacant squares immediately beyond. Only the piece captured may be jumped.
- The pawn captures by jumping an adjacent man either diagonally forward or straight forward, landing on the vacant square immediately beyond.
- The knight captures by jumping a man it would normally replace in chess, landing on the vacant square one additional knight-move away in a straight line (similar to the move of a nightrider; for example, a knight on c1 captures a man on d3, by jumping to the vacant square e5).
As in draughts, jumping is always mandatory, multi-jumps are possible, and the multi-jump chosen must capture the maximum number of pieces possible. (If more than one jumping sequence captures the maximum, the player may choose.) The pieces captured in a multi-jump are not removed from the board until the end of the turn.
A pawn promotes to queen when it crosses the centre line of the board. A pawn jumping over the centre line both promotes and immediately ends the turn (i.e. no further jumps are allowed).
Dunce's chess
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Also known as Advancing chess,[am] the game has simple rules: Moves, captures, and checks are restricted to straight forward or diagonally forward directions. (Sideways or backwards is not permitted.) Pawns do not promote. The game is won by checkmating or stalemating the opponent.
Variations
- The same rules, but the initial position is without queens and rooks.
- The same rules, but the initial position is without queens, rooks, and pawns.
Semi-queen chess
Also known as half-queen's chess, the game introduces two additional pawns and two new pieces per side, the "ugly-named Biok and Roshop".[16]
Game rules
The Biok makes non-capturing moves like a bishop, and captures like a rook. The Roshop makes non-capturing moves like a rook, and captures like a bishop.[ao]
As a result, the Roshop "has the great advantage of being able to change from one colour system of squares to the other when required" (Parton 1974:5).
Variation
Parton defines an extension having no additional pawns and a pair of Bioks and Roshops per player.
Black and White chess
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Also known as Black and White Marseillais chess, this game follows a simple rule: each player makes two moves per turn, first with a man standing on a white (light) square, then with a man standing on a black (dark) square. Some resolutions are provided:
- If either move is impossible, that move is lost.
- If the first move delivers a check, the second move is lost.
- If a player is in check, their first move must get out of check. If doing so requires moving from a black square, it "counts as a second move and the first move is lost."[17]
Castling can be done on either the first or second move of a turn. A man can be moved twice in a turn if square colour requirements are met. (For example, with a white pawn on a2 and a black bishop on b4, White's turn can consist of a3 followed by axb4.)
List of game inventions
Chess variants
- Checkers chess (1950s)
- Decimal four-handed chess (1950s)
- Idle Kings' chess (1950s)
- Nightrider chess (1950s)
- Scaci Partonici (1950s)
- Decimal Rettah chess (1952)
- Double Rettah chess (1952)
- Parton's Game (1952)
- Rettah chess (1952)
- Tweedle chess (or Twin Orthodox chess) (1952)
- Alice chess (1953)
- Kinglet chess (or imperial fiddlesticks) (1953)
- Neutral King chess (1953)
- No-retreat chess (1954), co-inventor J. Boyer
- Black and White chess (or Black and White Marseillais chess) (1955)[aq]
- Ecila (1957 or earlier)
- Degraded chess (1958)
- Complete contramatic chess (1961)
- Contramatic chess (1961)
- Damate (1961)
- Racing Kings (1961)
- Dunce's chess (or advancing chess) (1961)
- Gryphon chess (or complicacious chess) (1961)
- Jabberwocky chess (1961)
- Knightmare chess (1961)
- Linear chess (1961)
- March Hare chess (1961)[18]
- Royal Scaci Partonici (1961)
- Scacia (1961)
- Simpleton chess (or Simpletonry) (1961)
- Twin chess (1961)
- Unirexal chess (or The Black King's Complaint) (1961)
- Chimaera chess (1969)
- Mock chess (1969)
- Ambi-chess (1970)
- Best decimal butter (1970)
- Blot-straight chess (1970)
- Butters (1970)
- Capricorn chess (1970)
- Centaur Royal (1970)
- Cheshire Cat chess (1970)
- Co-regal chess (1970)
- Cubic chess (1970)
- Demigorgon chess (1970)
- Dodo chess (1970)
- Gorgona chess (1970)
- Identific (1970)
- Looking-glass chess (1970)
- Mad Threeparty chess (1970)
- Meddlers' chess (1970)
- Semi-queen chess (or half-queen's chess) (1970)
- Sphinx chess (1970)
- Timur's cubic chess (1970)
- Wyvern chess (1970)
- Circean (1971)
- Dabbabante chess (1971)
- Decimal Oriental chess (1971)
- Imitante Queen chess (1971)
- Synchronistic chess (1971)
- 2000 A.D. (1972)
- Royal Fury (1972)
- Gorgon chess (1973)
- Megasaur chess (1973)
- Mimotaur chess (1973)
- Rangers chess (1973)
- Triscacia (1974)
Draughts variants
Other games
- Salterello[as]
Monographs (with section headings)
Curiouser and Curiouser (1961),[at] 31 pp.
- Scacetic
- The First Lesson in Chess
- Dunce's Chess in Three Grades
- Imperial Fiddlesticks
- The Queen's Relations
- The Dodo's Chess
- Rettah
- Simpletonry
- Alician
- The Black King's Complaint
- Tweedledee and Tweedledum
- Mock Turtle's Pseudomorphy
- Damification
- A New Pudding
- Podospherism
- Contramatic
- The Rules According to the March Hare
- Knightmares
- Gryphon's Fancy and Fun
- The Realm of Circum Morus
- The Caterpillar's Idea of C.C.C.
Challenge and Delight of Chessical and Decimal (1970), 14 pp.
Chesshire-Cat-Playeth Looking-Glass Chessys (1970) Part I, 14 pp.
- The Queen of Hearts' Chess
- Capricorn Chess
- The Black King's Complaint
- The Rules According to the March Hare
- Identific
- Synchronistic Chess
- Jabberwocky Chess
- Dodo Chess
Chesshire-Cat-Playeth Looking-Glass Chessys (1970) Part II, 13 pp.
- The Chesshire Cat's Grin
- Scaci Partonici
- A Chess Reflection
- Demigorgons
- The Mad Tea Party
- Knightmares
- Scaci Partonici
Chessical Cubism or Chess in Space (1971), 16 pp.
- Cubic Chess
- Tamerlane Variation of Cubic Chess
- Sphinxian Chess
- The Compulsion Sphinx Chess Variations
- Ecila Chess
100 Squares for Chess + Damante (1971), 16 pp.
- Capablancan Chess
- Decimal Falcon-Hunter (Schulz Chess)
- Half-Queen's Chess
- Decimal Oriental Chess
- Decimal Imitante Q Chess
- Centaur Royal
- Damate Game
- Damatic Chess
- Decimal Duffer's Chess
- Wyvern Chess
- Dabbabante Chess
- Decimal Butter
- Decimal Obstacles Chess
- Chimaera
- Gorgona
- Circean
- Ambi-Chess
- Decimal Scaci Partonici
My Game for 2000 A.D. and After (1972), 12 pp.
Enduring Spirit of Dasapada (1973), 19 pp.
- Dasapada
Idea for a Personal Game (1973), 12 pp.
- The Basis of Pawn Partonici
- The Idea of Scaci Partonici
Chessery for Duffer and Master (1974), 23 pp.
- Chessery for Duffer and Master
- The Game of Rettah Chess
- Semi-Queen Chess
- The Diversion of Zerta
- Meddlers Chess Game
- The Alice chess Game
- The Idea of Gryphon Chess
- Royal Fury
Notes
- ^ "What are you three doing?" asked Alice. "We're going to have a Mad Three party" explained the Mad Hatter. Alice thought he must have meant "tea party". "Can I join you please in this party?" she asked politely, and with much curiosity over this painting with jam. "No, you can't" said the March Hare rather impolitely. "If you join, then it would be a Four party instead." Parton (1970) Part II, p. 6
- ^ "Each player has two Kings!" replied the Hatter very crossly at Alice's ignorance in this matter. "It is home-made plain cake commonsense. One of your opponents attacks one of your kings and the other attacks the other. That is quite easy to understand. If you had only a single king it would get too complicated when both of your opponents attacked the same king." He added with a glare of annoyance at Alice's obvious doubt about that point. "If they had only one teapot they would have to halve it, and what use is half a teapot? You seem as stupid as the Dormouse!" Parton (1970) Part II, p. 7
- ^ "When first Alice had met Dee and Dum, these two little fat men looked exactly like a couple of great schoolboys. On this occasion, however, each of them had on his head, not a school cap but an oversized king's crown! (From the Alice unwritten)" Parton (1961), p. 13
- ^ "[...] the two Tweedle kings in the same force are exactly the same in status and in dignity; and equally have the same vital role to play during the conflict between the two colours. The checkmate of one of this player's Tweedles is at once destruction for its fellow Tweedle, as they share jointly the victory or disaster resulting from the struggle." Parton (1974), p. 9
- ^ "[...] a player may have to face the terrible menace where check is made simultaneously on both of his monarchs by a single enemy. If he is to save his game, then this player so doubly checked must obliterate the check against each Tweedle; in which terrible situation the only saving defence is to capture that foe checking, if such escaping move happily exists." Parton (1974), p. 9
- ^ "Two days wrong!" sighed the Hatter about his watch. "I told you butter wouldn't suit the works," he added, looking angrily at the March Hare. "It was the best butter," the March Hare meekly replied. "Yes, but some crumbs must have got in as well," the Hatter grumbled, "you shouldn't have put it in with the bread-knife." The March Hare took the watch and looked at it gloomily; then he dipped it in his cup of tea and looked at it again, but he could think of nothing better to say than his first remark "It was the best butter." Parton (1961), p. 24 (paraphrased Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Chapter 7), "A Mad Tea-Party")
- ^ "[...] she looked up, and there was the Cat again, sitting on a branch of a tree. 'Did you say pig, or fig?' said the Cat. 'I said pig,' replied Alice; 'and I wish you wouldn't keep appearing and vanishing so suddenly: you make one quite giddy.' 'All right,' said the Cat; and this time it vanished quite slowly, beginning with the end of the tail, and ending with the grin, which remained some time after the rest of it had gone." Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Chapter 6), "Pig and Pepper"
- ^ "In a real Alician Tale, I would obviously invite the Carpenter with the Walrus to help him if needed, to saw such a square out of a wooden chessboard." Parton (1970) Part II, p. 1
- ^ "The essential feature of this Alician theme is that, as a co-regal piece, a Queen will now become fully subject to all rules relating to check and checkmate exactly as is her King. No longer will her Majesty the Queen suffer that indignity of being roughly captured by some inferior enemy piece, and then thrown most ungracefully for any lady, into the chessbox like a common Bishop!" Parton (1970) Part I, p. 2
- ^ "An early blow struck on behalf of sexual equality." (Pritchard 1994:72)
- ^ NOST (kNights of the Square Table), a (now defunct) correspondence game club formed in 1960 by Bob Lauzon and Jim France, enjoyed several hundred active members (Pritchard 1994:210).
- ^ "The peculiarity of Dodo Chess is that the purpose of play is a sort of racing competition between the Kings (such an idea was naturally expected of the Dodo)." Parton (1970) Part I, p. 12
- ^ "'What I was going to say,' said the Dodo in an offended tone, 'was, that the best thing to get us dry would be a Caucus-race.' 'What is a Caucus-race?' said Alice; not that she wanted much to know, but the Dodo had paused as if it thought that somebody ought to speak, and no one else seemed inclined to say anything. 'Why,' said the Dodo, 'the best way to explain it is to do it.'" Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Chapter 3), "A Caucus-Race and a Long Tale"
- ^ "That quite extinct bird was on this occasion explaining to the White and Red Kings how they ought to play chess according to its rules. The Dodo earnestly and with many tears begged Alice to write down these special rules in her memorandum book, in order that the game of Dodo Chess, quite unlike the poor bird itself should never, never, never at all become extinct." Parton (1970) Part I, p. 12
- ^ "The starting position and the fact that there are no pawns marks it further as a game out of the ordinary. [...] it is one of the more inspired creations of Vernon Parton, a prolific inventor of odd games." (Pritchard 2000:14)
- ^ Or, Parton suggests the players' back row of pieces may be randomized for an equally playable startup (Pritchard 1994:159).
- ^ "Kings retain their ordinary move, of course, but they are now humiliated as it were, by being treated on the same level as the rest of the chessmen. In this game a King can suffer the indignity of being captured and lifted off the board and dropped into the chessbox, just as the White King was unceremoniously lifted up by Alice in her story." Parton (1961), p. 4
- ^ "For some time the looking-glass was stubborn in its refusal to permit the Red Queen to pass through. At last, when the White Knight arrived and began to suggest that he might charge through on his horse with all their heavy armour, then the looking-glass agreed, but reluctantly, to allow them to pass through itself. Nevertheless, the condition which the looking-glass claimed on return was that Alice should write down there and then in her [memorandum] book, how the looking-glass saw the game of chess, both 'inside and outside' of course! For playing the 'Looking-glass Game', two chessboards and two ordinary sets of chessmen are required. The two boards are placed side by side, and between them is to be imagined the Looking-glass itself!" Parton (1970) Part II, p. 3
- ^ "An ordinary piece must have a very dull existence for it is always the same thing. Now look at me, am I not two things all at the same time?" Alice, looking at the Gryphon with its eagle's head and wings, but with its lion's body, thought to herself: "It isn't really two things at the same time, but only parts of these two things." She saw a grin slowly spreading about the creatures beak as a thought spread through its mind. Then it chuckled and said, half to itself and half to Alice: "What un-fun!" "What is the un-fun?" asked Alice with curiosity. "Ordinary pieces," replied the Gryphon. "It's all their un-fancy, of course; they hasn't got no metamorphosis. Indeed, the plain unvarnished truth of this fancy is that the pieces does change, and they does be complicacious." It repeated the word "complicacious" as if it found this word a tasty morsel to have in its beak. Parton (1961), "Gryphon's Fancy and Fun", p. 26
- ^ "Sit down, both of you, and don’t speak a word till I’ve finished." So they sat down, and nobody spoke for some minutes. Alice thought to herself, "I don’t see how he can ever finish, if he doesn’t begin." But she waited patiently. "Once," said the Mock Turtle at last, with a deep sigh, "I was a real Turtle." Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Chapter 9), "The Mock Turtle's Story"
- ^ "'I felt at once in my whiskers, you must be something not real,' said the King. 'To be unreal is silly.' 'I'm a real Mock Turtle,' answered the Mock Turtle, very annoyed at the King's doubt on its reality. 'Royal stuff and nonsense! You'll be telling me and Alice next there are real mock chessmen [...] also they can even play games of real Mock Chess!' (From the Alice unwritten)" Parton (1961), p. 15
- ^ "The board of 9×9 squares is required for Contramatic, but the board of 11×11 squares is probably the ideal." Parton (1961), p. 23
- ^ Parton recommends two or more rooks, but "the actual composition of a player's force is rather a matter of the size of the board and also of whether players wish for short or long games." Parton (1961), p. 23
- ^ "As the character of my 'Blue Caterpillar' idea is truly the logical contrary of orthodox checkmate, my name of 'Contramatic' is obviously the right name to give this Antipodean idea." Parton (1961), p. 22
- ^ "I can't explain myself, I'm afraid Sir," said Alice to the Caterpillar (a large blue one that was sitting on top of the large mushroom and smoking a long hookah), "because I'm not myself, you see." "I don't see," said the Caterpillar. "I'm afraid I can't put it more clearly," said Alice very politely, "for I can't understand it myself to begin with, and being so many sizes in a day is very confusing." "It isn't," said the Caterpillar. [...] "Are you content now?" said the Caterpillar. "Well, I should like to be a little larger, Sir, if you wouldn't mind," said Alice: "three inches is such a wretched height to be." "It is a very good height indeed!" said the Caterpillar angrily, rearing itself upright as it spoke. It was exactly three inches high. Parton (1961), p. 22 (paraphrased Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Chapter 5), "Advice from a Caterpillar")
- ^ "The player usually thinks of the King as what is 'hunted or chased.' Whereas formerly the enemy pieces attacked the miserable monarch, here now he is attacking and chasing them instead. Very probably, the most 'chased and hunted' by this special King will be the hostile Queen." Parton (1961), p. 23
- ^ "Here she checked herself in some alarm, at hearing something that sounded to her like the puffing of a large steam-engine in the wood near them, though she feared it was more likely to be a wild beast. 'Are there any lions or tigers about here?' she asked timidly. 'It's only the Red King snoring,' said Tweedledee." Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (Chapter 4), "Tweedledum and Tweedledee"
- ^ "Alice heard someone weeping behind the chessbox, and there she found the Black King shedding bitter tears into a bucket. 'What is the trouble, Your Majesty?' asked Alice with sympathy. 'They are most unkind. Why am I always the one chosen to be checkmated in problems? They are not fair to my royal dignity. It is really time that old White King took his turn. [...] I know now what I must do. I will disappear; then they will really have to find something else to checkmate.' Alice saw the Black King thereupon change himself completely into hot tears and splash into the bucket, where he boiled rapidly away from sight! (From the Alice unwritten)" Parton (1961), p. 11
- ^ A rook, bishop, knight, or even pawn may replace the black king instead, if the players prefer (Parton 1961:11).
- ^ Parton expressed no preference for a particular back rank setup. Another is RNKBQQBKNR given in Feenschach.
- ^ "Alice found the Hatter gazing into the Looking-glass; he was admiring the reflection of the hat on his head. 'That's a beautiful hat,' he said to Alice, 'it is worth any crown, gold or tin.' He then added very proudly, as he raised himself on tiptoe, 'It makes me every inch a King!' (From the Alice unwritten)" Parton (1961), p. 7
- ^ "When groups of cards saw the Queen of Hearts approaching, they went down flat on their faces to show loyalty and respect to her Majesty as she passed by. 'What, which and who?' asked the White King. 'Some of these, those and the others are my own subjects' replied the Queen, 'and some of them aren't mine. I borrow subjects off the other queens to make mine look a multitude instead of a mere handful.' 'All of them look exactly the same to my eyes' said the White King with a puzzled expression on his face. 'Problems of identification must be impossible to solve as their backs are all alike. This is like that, and so is that this or that, I'd like to know.' 'It's very easy and simple,' said the Queen, 'for you just turn them over with your left toe, not the right toe of course, because that is to stand on.'" Parton (1970) Part I, p. 7
- ^ "Last of all through the castle gates came the White King and the Queen of Hearts who were, Alice saw, engaged in a very bitter and irrational wrangle over the question of which was superior Whist or Chess? The White King put forward seriously the claim that the golden idea of Chess is far worthier of respect and attention than is the tinsel-natured idea of the card game Whist. Is not the game of Chess an honourable rational conflict, a combat purely and entirely of intelligence and psychological acrobatics between the two opponents? Quite unlike in Whist, there is no 'luck' bestowed by the Lady Caissa on one player over the other in Chess. The White King furthermore claimed that Chess is a game where real justice is in full control. Have not the two opponents forces of equal strength and identical pattern at the start of play? [...] Hereupon the Queen of Hearts retorted 'Stupid old monarch, you claim initial equality between the two players, but what about the advantage or otherwise to the player who makes the very first move in the battle. You can't be equal when you are not starting together!'" Parton (1970) Part I, p. 9
- ^ "Most non-taking moves, and takes where the pieces captured did not move, will scarcely raise a difficulty. Whatever the fantastications created, my idea Synchronistic is the most just and rational form of Chess! Indeed, in the Synchronistic game, it is possible for the white and black Kings to be checkmated simultaneously! What can be more equal?" Parton (1970) Part I, p. 10
- ^ If knight rules are cumbersome for the players, Parton gives an alternative knightless 1st rank setup of PBRQKKQRBP. Or, knights can be treated as stationary but capturable.
- ^ The general idea of Damification is more or less the introduction and application to the game of chess of the principal elements characteristic of its sister game, that of draughts. Such an idea may appear as most shocking to some players of either game; let heresies at least be orthodox and not unorthodox in themselves! (Parton 1961:16).
- ^ The baby grunted again, and Alice looked very anxiously into its face. There could be no doubt that it had a very turn-up nose, much more like a snout than a real nose; also its eyes were getting extremely small for a baby. "If you're going to turn into a pig," said Alice, "I'll have nothing more to do with you. Mind now!" ... When it grunted again, so violently, she looked down into its face in some alarm. This time there could be no mistake about it; it was neither more or less than a pig! Parton (1961), p. 15 (paraphrased Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Chapter 6), "Pig and Pepper")
- ^ [...] the wretched Hatter trembled so, that he shook both his shoes off. "Give your evidence," the King of Hearts repeated angrily, "or I'll have you executed, whether you're nervous or not." "I'm a poor man, your Majesty," the Hatter began in a trembling voice, "and I hadn't begun my tea ... not above a week or so ... and what with the bread-and-butter getting so thin ... and the twinkling of the tea ..." "The twinkling of the what?" said the King. "It began with the tea," the Hatter replied. "Of course, twinkling begins with a T," said the King sharply. "Do you take me for a dunce?" Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Chapter 11), "Who Stole the Tarts?"
- ^ This grade [variation] of Dunce's Chess is my original idea of this game, to which I gave the name of "Advancing Chess" (Parton 1961:3).
- ^ "The Red Queen was talking to Alice about crowns, teacups and dust, when a strange-looking chessman passed haughtily by. At first glance, Alice thought he must be a Rook which had been badly shaped by some lazy wood-carver. 'Please, Your Red Majesty, that Rook seems out of shape.' 'That is not a Rook; she is the Biok,' said the Red Queen with much annoyance. 'She is very conceited, for she now regards herself as my sister, but she is really—' the Queen whispered to Alice, 'only my half-sister. She behaves awkwardly like the other half-sister.' (From the Alice unwritten)" Parton (1961), "The Queen's Relations", p. 7
- ^ The "half-sisters", as these may be considered of the Queen, are consequently the "Biok" who moves like the Bishop but captures like the Rook, and the "Roshop" who behaves reversely. Together, these two half-aueens compound into the queen proper.(Parton 1961:5).
- ^ "'I declare it's marked out just like a large chess-board!' Alice said at last." Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (Chapter 2), "The Garden of Live Flowers"
- ^ Credited to Parton and published in the March 1955 issue of British Chess Magazine (Pritchard 2007:23).
- ^ International draughts played by rules similar to Alice chess. The player with no pieces remaining on the original board, loses.
- ^ Described by Parton as "Halma-like".
- ^ "Dedicated to Blind Players of Chess • The author sincerely thanks Professor J. Boyer (Paris), Miss G. M. King, and his brother, Mr. C. T. Parton, for their very kind help concerning this little book on 'Alician Themes' in chess and related ideas." (Parton 1961, Foreword)
References
- ^ Pritchard (1994), p. 3
- ^ a b Pritchard (2000), p. 68
- ^ a b c Parton, Peter (Winter 2001)
- ^ Pritchard (1994), p. 77
- ^ Parton (1961), p. 9
- ^ a b Boyer, Joseph (1954). Nouveaux Jeux d'Echecs Non-orthodoxes. Paris.
- ^ Parton (1970) Part II, p. 2
- ^ Pritchard (1994), p. 72
- ^ a b Pritchard (1994), p. 247
- ^ Pritchard (2000), p. 15
- ^ Pritchard (1994), p. 159
- ^ Parton (1961), p. 31
- ^ Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There/Chapter I
- ^ Nixon, Dennison, ed. (December 1952). "[unidentified title]". Fairy Chess Review.
- ^ Pritchard (1994), p. 82
- ^ Pritchard (1994), p. 265
- ^ Pritchard (2007), p. 23
- ^ Pritchard (2007), p. 62
Bibliography
- Parton, Peter (Winter 2001). "Reflections on Vernon Rylands Parton Inventor of Alice Chess". Abstract Games. No. 8. Carpe Diem Publishing. p. 9. ISSN 1492-0492.
- Parton, V. R. (1961). Curiouser and Curiouser.
- Parton, V. R. (1970a). Chesshire-Cat-Playeth Looking-Glass Chessys. Vol. Part I.
- Parton, V. R. (1970b). Chesshire-Cat-Playeth Looking-Glass Chessys. Vol. Part II.
- Parton, V. R. (1974). Chessery for Duffer and Master. Amazon. ASIN B0007C9VCY.
- Pritchard, D. B. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. Games & Puzzles Publications. ISBN 0-9524142-0-1.
- Pritchard, D. B. (2000). Popular Chess Variants. B.T. Batsford Ltd, London. ISBN 0-7134-8578-7.
- Pritchard, D. B. (2007). Beasley, John (ed.). The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. John Beasley. ISBN 978-0-9555168-0-1.
- Schmittberger, R. Wayne (1992). New Rules for Classic Games. John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 978-0471536215.
External links
- Vernon Rylands Parton (1897–1974) by Jean-Louis Cazaux, The Chess Variant Pages
- Alice chess by Edward Jackman and Fergus Duniho, The Chess Variant Pages
- Black and White Chess by Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages
- Cheshire Cat Chess by Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages
- Kinglet by Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages
- Kinglet by Uwe Wiedemann, Zillions of Games
- Racing Kings and Dodo Chess by Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages
- Rettah by Vu Q. Vo., The Chess Variant Pages
- Unirexal Chess by Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages
Simple programs by Ed Friedlander in Java