티토탈리즘

Teetotalism
술을 마셔본 적이 없는 것으로 알려진 15세 이상 인구의 비율(대화형 버전).전 세계 평균은 45%입니다.
지난 1년간 술을 마시지 않은 15세 이상 인구의 비율(대화형 버전).룩셈부르크만이 작년 금욕률이 10% 미만이고 룩셈부르크, 아일랜드, 스위스만이 20% 미만입니다.대부분의 나라에서 3분의 1을 넘습니다.

티토탈리즘(teetotalism)은 알코올, 특히 알코올 음료의 소비에 대한 개인적인 절주를 실천하거나 촉진하는 것입니다.티토탈리즘을 실천하는 사람(그리고 아마도 옹호하는 사람)은 티토탈러 또는 티토탈러라고 불리거나 단순히 티토탈이라고 불립니다.전 세계적으로, 거의 절반의 성인들이 술을 마시지 않습니다 (예전에 술을 마셨다가 그만 두신 분들 제외).[1]금주 단체는 금주를 촉진하고 금주자가 아닌 사람들이 어울릴 수 있는 공간을 제공하기 위해 설립되었습니다.[2]

어원

온라인 어원 사전에 따르면, 티-티-토탈은 문자 T이기 때문에 실제로는 t-토탈이지만, 그렇게 철자를 쓴 적은 없습니다.[3]이 단어는 1832년에 미국 출처에서 일반적인 의미로 처음 기록되었고, 영국에서는 1833년에 금욕의 맥락에서 처음 기록되었습니다.처음에 그것이 강조된 형태의 총합으로 다른 맥락에서 사용되었기 때문에, tee-는 아마도 현대의 관용구가 "자본 T로 총합"이라고 말할 수 있는 것처럼 총합의 첫 글자를 복제한 것으로 추정됩니다.[4]

티토탈리즘 운동은 19세기 초 영국 프레스턴에서 처음 시작되었습니다.[5]프레스턴 금주 협회는 1833년에 Joseph Livesey에 의해 설립되었는데, 그는 금주 운동의 지도자가 될 예정이었고 "우리을 제외하고 에일, 포터, 와인, 또는 열렬한 술을 마시든 간에 중독성이 있는 모든 술을 삼가는 것에 동의합니다."[6]오늘날, 티토탈리즘을 미덕으로 장려하는 많은 금주 조직이 존재합니다.[7]

Preston Temperance Society의 회원인 Richard Turner는 모든 중독성 있는 술을 금욕하기 위해 "tee total"이라는 기존의 속어를 사용한 것으로 알려져 있습니다.[4]한 일화는 1833년 터너가 연설을 하면서 "나는 영원히 완전히 완전히 좌절할 것입니다."라고 말했던 학회의 회의에 대해 묘사합니다.[6][8]월터 윌리엄 스키트(Walter William Skeat)는 터너의 일화가 금주 옹호자 조셉 라이브시(Joseph Livesey)에 의해 녹음되었다고 언급하고, 이 용어가 티토텀(teetotum)에서 영감을 받았을 수 있다고 추정했습니다.[9] 그리너프는 "아무도 티토텀티토칼러가 어원적으로 연결되어 있다고 생각하지 않았습니다."[10]라고 말했습니다.

계정에 대한 변형은 The Charleston Observer의 페이지에서 확인할 수 있습니다.

티토칼러.—이 편리한 단어의 기원은 (이 단어가 로퍼처럼 일반적이지는 않지만) 알려진 것이지만 사용하는 사람은 거의 없습니다.그것은 우리가 랜드마크에서 배운 것처럼 프레스턴 금주 협회의 회원인 터너라는 사람이 회의에서 연설할 때 술을 마시는 것에 대한 부분적인 금욕은 하지 않을 것이라고 말한 것에서 비롯되었습니다. 그들은 티티-(말을 더듬는) 티 완전한 금욕을 주장해야 합니다.그래서 전체 금욕자들은 티토털러라고 불려왔습니다.[11]

역사학자 다니엘 워커 하우(Daniel Walker Howe)에 따르면, 하나님이 만드신 것: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848, 2007) 이 용어는 미국의 설교자이자 금주 옹호자인 라이먼 비처(Lyman Beecher)의 관행에서 유래되었습니다.그는 알코올 금주를 약속한 사람들과 T로 완전 금주를 약속한 사람들의 모임에서 이름을 올렸습니다.그런 사람들은 티토톨러로 알려지게 되었습니다.

"온 더 웨건(On The Wagon)"은 "더 이상 주류를 마시지 않는다"는 뜻의 문구입니다. 문구는 구세군이 술 취한 사람들을 수레에 태워 사역에 데려와서 "마르게" 하는 데 그 뿌리가 있을 수 있습니다.[12]

이유들

티토탈리즘을 선택하는 몇 가지 흔한 이유는 심리적, 종교적, 건강,[13] 의학적, 철학적, 사회적, 정치적, 과거의 알코올 중독이거나, 때로는 단순히 취향이나 선호의 문제입니다.음주 업소에서 티토탈러(또는 티토탈러)는 완전히 금주하거나 물, 주스, 차, 커피, 무알콜 청량음료, 버진 드링크, 목테일, 무알콜 맥주 등과 같은 무알콜 음료를 섭취합니다.

대부분의 티토칼러 단체들은 구성원들에게 알코올 중독자를 홍보하거나 생산하지 말 것을 요구합니다.[14][15]

종교

금욕에 관한 우화적인 지도에 장문의 시가 곁들여."종교 채널"은 1846년 "미저리 지역"과 "복고 제국"에서 벗어난 강력한 흐름이었습니다.

금주는 이슬람교, 힌두교, 자이나교, 스와미나라야인, 시크교, 바하 ʼ인, 메이바지이테스, 구타 라 므와리 (즈비미소)와 하나님의 집회와 같은 많은 종교적 믿음의 교리입니다.

"캄르"는 이슬람에서 금지된 모든 만취자들을 일컫는 말입니다. (종교와 § 이슬람 참조)

마찬가지로 불교의 오행 중 하나는 마음의 평안과 자제를 어지럽히는 도취적인 것을 금하는 것이지만, 계율로서가 아니라 자발적으로 상정하는 수련법으로 규정되어 있습니다.[citation needed]

감리교퀘이커 교도와 같은 많은 기독교 단체들은 금단일 뿐만 아니라 금단운동에 대한 전통적인 강한 지지 때문에 종종 금단론과 연관됩니다.그리고 다수의 기독교 교파들은 술의 섭취를 금지하거나, 술을 마시지 말 것을 권고합니다. 메노파(구종 메노파보수파 메노파), 형제 교회, 비치 아미쉬, 신종 아미쉬와 같은 특정 아나밥티스트 교파들, 그리고 후기 성도들, 제7일 아드브.ntists, 그리고 성스러운 오순절.이들 종교 단체의 많은 회원들도 이러한 제품의 판매를 자제해야 합니다.신약성경의 자유번역인 성경의 순화번역(2000)은 티토탈리즘을 조장하는 방식으로 번역합니다.그러나 하나님의 백성들이 소비하는 '와인'(그리고 비슷한 용어)이라는 용어는 구약성경과 신약성경에서 모두 200번 이상 등장합니다.[citation needed]

방법론과 관련하여, 웨슬리안-아르미니안 전통의 두 교파인 나사렛 교회웨슬리안 감리교회는 금주를 가르칩니다.[16][17]Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist ConnectionEvangelical Wesleyan Church같은 보수적인 거룩한 운동의 교단들은 금주와 완전주의를 행하여 술과 다른 약물을 삼가고 있습니다.[18]감리교 교파인 임마누엘 선교회규율서에는 다음과 같이 명시되어 있습니다.[19]

절제는 유익한 것을 적당히 사용하는 것이고 해로운 것을 완전히 금하는 것입니다.그러므로 어떤 구성원도 독한 술, 담배 또는 해로운 약을 사용하거나 판매하거나 타락한 식욕을 만족시키기 위한 것일 뿐이며 우리의 기독교 직업에 어울리지 않고 일치하지 않는 것으로 죄를 짓게 하여서는 아니 됩니다(나 10:31).임마누엘 선교교회[19] 일반기준

군복을 입은 구세군 구성원들은 평생 금주를 지키는 운동에 동참할 것을 약속합니다.이것은 조직의 초기로 거슬러 올라가고, 알코올 중독자들 사이의 선교활동으로 거슬러 올라갑니다.

던카드 형제교회와 같은 보수적인 재침례교 교파는 다음을 가르칩니다.[20]

Dunkard Brathren 교회의 구성원들은 마약, 니코틴, 마리화나 또는 알코올 음료와 같은 중독성이 있거나 중독성이 있는 물질의 사용을 자제해야 합니다(의사의 지시가 있는 경우는 제외).기독교인들이 그것들을 사용하거나, 기르거나, 제조하거나, 사거나 파는 것은 기독교의 생활 양식과 증언에 맞지 않습니다.그렇게 하는 던카드 형제교회의 구성원들은 사랑과 관용으로 상담을 받아야 합니다.만약 그들이 내키지 않거나 자의적인 정신을 드러내면, 극단적인 경우에는 추방까지 교회의 규율을 받게 됩니다.우리는 구성원들에게 교회의 조언과 조언을 받아들이고 위의 모든 것을 자제할 것을 간청합니다.구성원들은 세상에 귀감이 될 것이기 때문에(로마서 14:20-21), 이러한 활동에 면죄부를 주는 것은 교회나 주일학교의 일이나 구 또는 총회의 대표로서 자격이 없습니다.[20]

복고주의 기독교와 관련하여, 기독교 과학과 후기성도 운동 내의 특정 집단의 구성원들은 알코올 섭취를 자제합니다.

동방정교회, 로마 가톨릭교회, 루터교회, 동방정교회, 성공회는 그들의 중심 종교 의식인 성찬례(성찬례)에서 포도주를 필요로 합니다.감리교 전통의 교회들은 "순수하고 발효되지 않은 포도즙"을 성찬식에 사용할 것을 요구합니다.[21]

누가복음(1:13-15)에서 세례자 요한의 탄생을 알리는 천사는 "그는 주님 앞에서 위대할 것이며 술도 독한 술도 마시지 않을 것이며, 심지어 그의 어머니의 자궁에서조차 성령으로 충만할 것이다"라고 예언합니다.

어떤 기독교인들은 사순절 기간 내내 술을 사순절 제물로 삼으며 티토탈리즘을 선택합니다.[22][23]

비음주자에 대한 조사

도미닉 콘로이(Dominic Conroy)와 리처드 드 비서(Richard de Visser)는 사회적 환경에서 술을 마시라는 동료들의 압력에 저항하고 싶어하는 대학생들이 사용하는 전략을 연구한 연구를 심리학과 건강에 발표했습니다.이 연구는 만약 학생들이 강한 우정을 가지고 사회적 상호작용 이전에 술을 마시지 않기로 결정한다면 또래의 압력에 굴복할 가능성이 적다고 암시했습니다.[24]

통계청의 2015년 연구는 어린 영국인들이 그들의 부모님들보다 더 치아가 큰 경향이 있다는 것을 보여주었습니다.[25]

세계보건기구가 2011년 발간한 알코올과 건강에 관한 세계 현황 보고서에 따르면, 세계 성인 인구의 거의 절반(45%)이 평생 금욕자라고 합니다.중동과 북아프리카의 이슬람 국가들로 구성된 동부 지중해 지역은 1인당 총 성인 소비량과 비음주자, 즉 87.8%의 평생 금욕자의 유병률 모두에서 세계에서 단연코 가장 낮은 알코올 소비 지역입니다.[1]

주목할 만한 티토칼러

다음은 현재 또는 평생 동안 티토커였던 저명한 사람들의 알파벳순 목록입니다.어떤 사람들은 평생을 금주했고, 어떤 사람들은 술을 마신 후에야 금주자가 되었습니다.술을 금지하는 종교인은 포함되지 않습니다.

비지니스

패션

역사적 인물

문학과 저널리즘

군사의

음악

정치

종교

과학탐구

스포츠

극장, 영화, 텔레비전

참고 항목

참고문헌

  1. ^ a b "Global status report on alcohol and health 2018". Who.int.
  2. ^ Blocker, Jack S. (2003). Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-57607-833-4.
  3. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary – T, page 5". Retrieved 30 April 2007.
  4. ^ a b Kruth, Rebecca; Curzan, Anne (22 September 2019). "TWTS: Why "teetotaler" has nothing to do with tea". Michigan Radio. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  5. ^ 시온으로 가는 길 – 영국 제도, BYU-TV;
  6. ^ a b Gately, Iain (May 2009). Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol. New York: Gotham Books. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-592-40464-3.
  7. ^ Cox, David J.; Stevenson, Kim; Harris, Candida; Rowbotham, Judith (12 June 2015). Public Indecency in England 1857–1960: 'A Serious and Growing Evil'. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-317-57383-8.
  8. ^ Quinion, Michael. "Teetotal". Worldwidewords.org. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  9. ^ Walter William Skeat영어 어원사전; Clarendon Press, 1893 출판
  10. ^ 말과 그들의 방식, 제임스 B. Greenough; 1902년 출판
  11. ^ 찰스턴 옵저버 제10권, 제44호 (1836년 10월 29일): 174, 4-5열.
  12. ^ 프레이즈 파인더: "온 더 웨건" (2023년 8월 28일 검색)
  13. ^ "6 great things that happen to your body when you give up drinking". Cosmopolitan.com. 20 January 2016.
  14. ^ Hanson, David J. (14 August 2019). "Anti-Alcohol Industry 101: Overview of the Neo-Temperance Movement". Alcohol Problems and Solutions. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  15. ^ Lawson, Wilfrid (August 1893). "Prohibition in England". The North American Review. 157 (441): 152. JSTOR 25103180. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  16. ^ Eastlack, Anita (2016). The discipline of the Wesleyan Church 2016 (PDF). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wesleyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-1-63257-198-4. OCLC 1080251593.
  17. ^ "2017-2021 Manual". Church of the Nazarene. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  18. ^ The Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection (Original Allegheny Conference). Salem: Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection. 2014. p. 37.
  19. ^ a b Discipline of the Immanuel Missionary Church. Shoals, Indiana: Immanuel Missionary Church. 1986. p. 17.
  20. ^ a b Dunkard Brethren Church Polity. Dunkard Brethren Church. 1 November 2021. pp. 8–9.
  21. ^ Dunkle, William Frederick; Quillian, Joseph D. (1970). Companion to The Book of Worship. Abingdon Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-687-09258-1. The pure, unfermented juice of the grape shall be used. The "fair white linen cloth" is merely a table covering that is appropriate for this central sacrament of the church.
  22. ^ "Drink less this Lent". Pioneer Total Abstinence Association. 22 February 2009. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  23. ^ Gilbert, Kathy L. (21 February 2012). "Could you go alcohol-free for Lent?". United Methodist News Service. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  24. ^ Conroy, Dominic; de Visser, Richard (2014). "Being a non-drinking student: An interpretative phenomenological analysis". Psychology and Health. 29 (5): 536–551. doi:10.1080/08870446.2013.866673. ISSN 0887-0446. PMID 24245802. S2CID 7115520.
  25. ^ Neville, Sarah (13 February 2015). "Young Britons turning teetotal in growing numbers, survey says". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  26. ^ "Anil Dhirubhai Ambani: The name says it all!". Go2BSchool. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017.
  27. ^ "Global Players: Mukesh Ambani, Reliance Industries, Chairman". Thomas White International. June 2010. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017.
  28. ^ a b Barnum, P.T. (13 September 2017). Barnum's Own Story The Autobiography of P.T. Barnum. ISBN 978-0486811871.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g Barth, Chris (11 March 2011). "Ten Teetotalling Moguls". Forbes. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  30. ^ a b "Famous Teetotalers in History". Infomory. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  31. ^ Smith, David (19 June 2005). "Far-out man". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  32. ^ a b c d Lamb, Christina; West, Julian (28 January 2001). "The teetotal Hinduja brothers, who partied their way to power". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  33. ^ Meares, Hadley (14 February 2019). "When mobsters and movie stars ruled the Sunset Strip". Curbed Los Angeles. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  34. ^ Alexander, Hilary (7 March 2022). "Emmanuelle Alt Interview". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  35. ^ "27 Sober Celebrities You May Not Have Known Are Teetotal, From Zac Efron To Brad Pitt". Elle. 22 December 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  36. ^ Rookwood, Dan (11 June 2015). "Babies, baths and no more booze: Tom Ford on how he turned his life around". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  37. ^ Prüfer, Tillman (6 May 2014). ""Ich bin nicht intellektuell, nur ziemlich kultiviert"". Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  38. ^ 73 Questions with Anna Wintour (YouTube video). Vogue. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  39. ^ Forbes, Jihan (3 November 2014). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Anna Wintour". The Fashion Spot.
  40. ^ Willis, Kelcie (28 December 2017). "Anna Wintour: What to know about the Vogue editor". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  41. ^ Douglass, Frederick. "Intemperance and Slavery: An Address Delivered in Cork, Ireland, on October 20, 1845". The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, & Abolition at The MacMillan Center. Yale University. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014.
  42. ^ Dow, Neal (1898). The Reminiscences of Neal Dow: Recollections of Eighty Years. Portland, ME: Evening Express Pub. Co. p. 682. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017.
  43. ^ Ward, Andrew (2005). River Run Red: The Fort Pillow Massacre in the American Civil War. New York: Viking. p. 16. ISBN 0-670-03440-1.
  44. ^ Menezes, Anton (5 August 2009). "Biography of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation". India Study Channel. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  45. ^ Asimov, Isaac (1971). Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 106. ISBN 0-395-57226-6. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  46. ^ Weiss, Jason. "E. M. Cioran". Itineraries of a Hummingbird. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  47. ^ Moorcock, Michael (21 March 2008). "Brave new worlds". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  48. ^ Davis, Lauren B. (24 February 2009). "When There's No Sky Left". Archived from the original on 28 July 2017.
  49. ^ Pedersen, Jan B. W. (August 2019). ""Now Will You Be Good?": Lovecraft, Teetotalism, and Philosophy". Lovecraft Annual (13): 119–144. ISSN 1935-6102. JSTOR 26868581.
  50. ^ "Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction". The New York Times. 17 May 1998. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  51. ^ "Does Marilyn Decline Any Food or Drink for Environmental or Health Reasons?". Parade. 28 August 2022.
  52. ^ U Kini je sav alkohol razblažen jer se lako napiju. Teša Tešanović (YouTube video). Desni Klik. 2 January 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  53. ^ "lasantha was murdered 3 years ago remembering lasantha". Colombo Telegraph. 9 January 2012.
  54. ^ Kuehn, John T. (November–December 2016). "Review Essay: Jacob L. Devers: A General's Life" (PDF). Military Review. pp. 125–126. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  55. ^ @erolalkan (5 July 2022). "10 years no booze… not a single drop… love and strength to those who are on the same path.. stay on in… I can assure you it leads to somewhere better. E x" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  56. ^ Klein, Joshua (23 July 2007). "Ryan Adams". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  57. ^ Yuan, Jada (9 June 2009). "Akon Confesses: 'I Drink Shirley Temples All the Time'". Grub Street. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  58. ^ "How Fiona Apple Protects Her Sobriety". Medium. 19 March 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  59. ^ 5x GRAMMY Winner Jon Batiste Comes Home To The Late Show (YouTube video). The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  60. ^ Owens, Nick (24 November 2013). "Susan Boyle's diabetes diagnosis forces the teetotal non-smoker to give up her only vice – CHOCOLATE". mirror.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  61. ^ WENN (22 May 2006). "Teetotal Brown: 'I'm Not A Hellraiser'". contactmusic.net. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
  62. ^ Bernhardt, Peyton (31 May 2016). "letlive: Watch Your World Burn". Blunt Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  63. ^ Doyle, Patrick (15 October 2014). "Julian Casablancas' Radical Reinvention". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  64. ^ Uricheck, Mark (19 September 2016). "Interview: Max Cavalera says being straight edge helped him like metal more". Metal Insider. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  65. ^ Stefanis, Yiannis (22 September 2013). "Interview with DANIEL CAVANAGH (Anathema/Leafblade)—25 July 2013". Get Ready to ROCK!. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  66. ^ Christgau, Robert; Tate, Greg (22 October 1991). "Chuck D All Over the Map". Village Voice. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  67. ^ "Eric Clapton: Blues guitar legend". BBC News. 3 November 2004. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  68. ^ Egan, Barry (16 January 2011). "Achtung baby, Adam is the proud father of a little boy". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  69. ^ "These Successful Recording Artists Never Drank Or Did Drugs". History Things. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  70. ^ "Alice Cooper". Spoonfed. 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013.
  71. ^ Smith, Courtney E. (18 February 2020). "Bethany Cosentino Got Sober. Then She Wrote A New Best Coast Album. Now What?". Refinery29. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  72. ^ Paphides, Pete (26 June 2009). "Blur again: return of the kings of Britpop". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
  73. ^ "Michele Hewitson interview: Dave Dobbyn". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  74. ^ Miles, Milo (1 May 1996). "Young Saint with a Horn". Salon. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  75. ^ "Norman Cook aka Fatboy Slim • Distraction Pieces Podcast with Scroobius Pip #268 Distraction Pieces Podcast with Scroobius Pip on acast". acast. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  76. ^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions". DragonNinjaDotCom. 13 September 2009. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012.
  77. ^ Spin Staff (11 May 2022). "How Death Cab for Cutie's Ben Gibbard Got Sober". Spin. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  78. ^ Ketchum III, William E. (8 October 2018). "Gucci Mane Becomes Rap's Role Model for Sobriety: "I Was a Drug Addict, I Was Numb"". DJBooth. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  79. ^ Dreisinger, Baz (22 April 2011). "Ice-T, Living Out Loud". New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  80. ^ @FINALLEVEL (24 January 2021). "I don't smoke or drink... Never have" (Tweet). Retrieved 27 February 2021 – via Twitter.
  81. ^ @FINALLEVEL (4 July 2015). "Ice Fact: I have zero tattoos. Have never smoked weed or cigarettes. And don't drink alcohol…. Now THATS Gangsta…" (Tweet). Retrieved 27 February 2021 – via Twitter.
  82. ^ Haley, Dominic (21 August 2017). "How a 16-year-old J Mascis from Dinosaur Jr. got into straight-edge and learnt to play anywhere". Loud and Quiet. No. 88. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  83. ^ The Police vs Grime Music – A Noisey Film (YouTube video). Noisey. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  84. ^ Noisey (29 May 2014). "Form 696: The Police Versus Grime Music". Vice. Archived from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  85. ^ Zukowski, Zenae (31 October 2019). "A conversation with John 5 on horror films, sobriety, and staying busy". Metal Insider. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  86. ^ Jones, Lorraine (18 October 2013). "Kendrick Lamar: "This Is One Thing I Will Never Do"". BET. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  87. ^ Earl, Jennifer (13 November 2018). "John Mayer reveals moment he decided to quit drinking: 'I made quite a fool of myself'". Fox News. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  88. ^ Slavik, Nathan (29 April 2016). ""I Needed It For My Edge": Royce da 5'9" Comes Clean About Alcoholism & Music". DJBooth. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  89. ^ Fell, James (3 September 2016). "The unbelievably sweet reason why Gene Simmons of KISS has never done drugs or gotten drunk". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  90. ^ "TWISTED SISTER'S DEE SNIDER SAYS HE IS ALWAYS CLEAN AND SOBER". 26 October 2019.
  91. ^ "UTubers: Lindsey Stirling reflects on blessings of not using drugs, alcohol". March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  92. ^ McCreery, Lonnie (10 December 2018). "Jeff Tweedy of Wilco Talks Fighting Addiction, Depression, and Anxiety". Epiphany Sober Living. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  93. ^ Midtskogen, Rune (7 April 2009). ""Count" Regrets Nothing". Burzum. Translated by Whitney Coleman. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  94. ^ Mitchell, Chris (5 October 2005). "Interview with Varg Vikernes". Burzum. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  95. ^ "English Beat's Dave Wakeling has new sounds - Tahoe Onstage Lake Tahoe music concerts and sports". 9 August 2018.
  96. ^ Richards, Will (2 May 2021). "Paul Weller on his sobriety: "I get more from music"". NME. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  97. ^ Clemmons, Rachael Vaughan (12 March 2018). "21 Celebrities who don't drink". Metro. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  98. ^ Hall, Russell (26 July 2011). "10 Things You Might Not Know About AC/DC's Angus Young". Gibson. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
  99. ^ Loftus, David (10 April 2007). "The Story of AC/DC by Susan Masino". California Literary Review. Archived from the original on 17 April 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  100. ^ "Rob Zombie: An Unorthodox Champion of American Values". Daily Kos. 13 November 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  101. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu (21 September 2006). "Set to Lead, Japan's Next Premier Reconsiders Postwar Era". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  102. ^ Adams, Guy (9 December 2006). "Prince Andrew: The playboy prince". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  103. ^ Ensley, Gerald (15 March 2009). "Ex-Gov. Askew: Early champion of open government". Florida Society of News Editors. Archived from the original on 30 September 2017.
  104. ^ Gordon, Michael (27 November 2006). "Baillieu finds himself washed up with everywhere to go". The Age. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  105. ^ MacIntyre, James (20 July 2011). "Getting the House in Order". Prospect. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  106. ^ Ashley, Jackie (8 November 2006). "'I'm not a natural rebel'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  107. ^ Tempest, Matthew (6 June 2002). "Tony Benn". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  108. ^ a b Nagourney, Adam (30 October 2020). "In Trump and Biden, a Choice of Teetotalers for President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  109. ^ Kaylin, Lucy (September 2010). "Is Cory Booker the Greatest Mayor in America?". Oprah.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  110. ^ Giddings, Edward J. (1890). American Christian Rulers, or Religion and Men of Government. New York: Bromfield & Co. p. 66.
  111. ^ Goldman, Russell (4 May 2010). "Laura Bush Reveals How George W. Stopped Drinking". ABC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  112. ^ Wright, Ben (19 January 2017). "Teetotal Trump and the drinkin presidents". BBC. Archived from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  113. ^ Asensio, Raúl; Camacho, Gabriela; González, Natalia; Grompone, Romeo; Pajuelo Teves, Ramón; Peña Jimenez, Omayra; Moscoso, Macarena; Vásquez, Yerel; Sosa Villagarcia, Paolo (August 2021). El Profe: Cómo Pedro Castillo se convirtió en presidente del Perú y qué pasará a continuación (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Lima, Peru: Institute of Peruvian Studies. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-612-326-084-2. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  114. ^ Cowen, Tyler (12 August 2017). "I'm with the Mormons on this one – how about you?". Marginal Revolution. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  115. ^ Lal, Vinay (1 September 2006). "Coca-Cola in India". MANAS. UCLA Social Sciences. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  116. ^ Diefenbaker, John G. (1976). One Canada: Memoirs of the Right Honourable John G. Diefenbaker. Vol. 2. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. p. 191. ISBN 0-7705-1443-X.
  117. ^ Barron, F. L. (1997). Walking in Indian moccasins : the native policies of Tommy Douglas and the CCF. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 110. ISBN 0-7748-0609-5. OCLC 38948493.
  118. ^ McFadden, Robert D. (12 July 2021). "Edwin Edwards, Flamboyant Louisiana Governor, Is Dead at 93". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  119. ^ Freeman, Alan (3 May 2019). "Marijuana vs. beer: The new divide in Canadian politics". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  120. ^ "Meet the cat that got the cream". The Scotsman. 15 October 2006. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016.
  121. ^ The Newsroom (9 May 2017). "From Trump to Sheridan: Most famous teetotal politicians". The Scotsman.
  122. ^ Gunther, John (1941). Inside Latin America. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 183.
  123. ^ Lamb, David (1987). The Africans. New York: Vintage Books. p. 213. ISBN 0-394-75308-9.
  124. ^ India.com Education Desk (29 September 2013). "5 things you did not know about Narendra Modi". India.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  125. ^ Chaudhary, Archana (29 April 2020). "Alcohol fight highlights battle between Indian states and Narendra Modi". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  126. ^ 첸, C.피터야.뱌체슬라프 몰로토프.1938년 미국 저널리스트 존 건터는 다음과 같이 썼습니다.지력과 영향력이 뛰어난 사람몰로토프는 채식주의자이며 티토탈러입니다."
  127. ^ "French winemakers fret over Teetotal Sarkozy". Reuters. 21 June 2007. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  128. ^ Agence France-Presse (6 October 2020). "In hard-drinking Japan, alcohol-free drinks meet growing demand from the 'sober curious' and teetotallers". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  129. ^ "菅義偉、彼は何を狙うのか". NHK Seiji magazine (in Japanese). 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  130. ^ "Just how 'Indian' is the new British PM whom Indians hail as one of their own?". Economic Times. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  131. ^ Judah, Ben (27 May 2020). "Take a Chancellor on me: Inside the world of Rishi Sunak". Tatler. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  132. ^ "Albert Barnes". SwordSearcher. 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  133. ^ "Papers of Hugh Bourne – Collection 68". Billy Graham Center Archives. Wheaton College. 30 April 2001. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017.
  134. ^ Harrell, David Edwin Jr. (1978). All Things Are Possible: The Healing and Charismatic Revivals in Modern America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-525-24136-1.
  135. ^ "The Rev. Jerry Falwell". People. 29 December 1980. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  136. ^ "James, the brother of Jesus". Church History 101. 2017. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  137. ^ "Luke 1,13–15". BIBLIJA. British & Foreign Bible Society. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  138. ^ Saxon, Wolfgang (18 February 1986). "JIDDU KRISHNAMURTI, 90, IS DEAD; RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHER FROM INDIA". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  139. ^ Battle of The Bottle – Adrian Rogers (YouTube video). SovaSergey. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  140. ^ Aldrin, Buzz; Abraham, Ken (2010). Magnificent Desolation: The Long Journey Home from the Moon. Three Rivers Press. pp. 172, 188–189. ISBN 9780307463463. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  141. ^ John Wesley Powell: From the Depths of the Grand Canyon (YouTube video). National Geographic. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  142. ^ "Battling the booze". BBC News. 4 October 2001. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  143. ^ "Proud Advocaat receives Putin congratulations". ESPN FC. 14 May 2008. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  144. ^ Fisher, Ben (30 July 2018). "Premier League 2018–19 preview No 2: Bournemouth". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  145. ^ Lundh, Olof (18 November 2015). "Guidetti fick U21-stjärna att skippa alkohol: "Har blivit arg när de pushat på"". fotbollskanalen.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  146. ^ Malone, Sam (7 November 2010). "Gareth: 'I can't stand the booze'". WalesOnline.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  147. ^ Brooking, Trevor (2014). My Life In Football. Simon & Schuster. p. 42. ISBN 9781471130441. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  148. ^ "Weah taking over". UEFA. 3 December 2004. Archived from the original on 5 February 2005.
  149. ^ Poker.com team (29 July 2020). "Johnny Chan – WSOP Main Event Winner". poker.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021.
  150. ^ Johnson, Anne (29 August 2003). "The Inside Story of the Cornes Family". Stateline South Australia. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016.
  151. ^ McNulty, Phil (4 January 2010). "Coyle's high-risk Bolton move". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017.
  152. ^ Sapp, Sean Ross (7 August 2015). "Daniel Bryan Talks Never Having A Drink In His Life, Why He Grew His Hair Out, Brie Bella, More". Wrestling Inc. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017.
  153. ^ Stroup, Matt (17 December 2009). "Del Bosco's awakening". NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010.
  154. ^ Shipnuck, Alan (4 December 2007). "2007 Sportsman of the Year (cont.)". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 7 December 2007.
  155. ^ Taylor, Louise (28 August 2009). "From mundane to marvellous: Darren Fletcher's startling transformation". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  156. ^ Elliott, Keith (18 December 1992). "Keith Elliott at Large: Jolly giant of the green baize: The chimney sweep turned professional snooker referee was once described as the 'godfather of punk'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  157. ^ "Seven Non-Alcoholic Cricketers". Feed Cricket. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  158. ^ Smith, Preston (9 September 2021). "The Real Reason Cristiano Ronaldo Stays Away From Alcohol". The List. The List. Retrieved 26 September 2022. In fact, Ronaldo has sworn off alcohol, and it may not be for the reason you think. According to Tech Times, Ronaldo's father died at age 52 from alcoholism. Because of this, Ronaldo refuses to consume alcohol or drugs, and he's been candid about this sobriety ultimately being better for his soccer-playing, too.
  159. ^ "International Football Cristiano Ronaldo: I had a glass of champagne after Euro 2016 and was a little drunk". Marca. Marca. 26 December 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  160. ^ McGovern, Ste (18 August 2020). "'Generosity comes naturally to him' – How Neville Southall became a passionate voice for marginalised communities". The Football Faithful. Archived from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  161. ^ "The end of the bender? Stars embrace sobriety". The Independent. 23 July 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017.
  162. ^ Hall, Julian (11 May 2012). "Simon Amstell: Numb, Hexagon Theatre, Reading". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
  163. ^ Junieles, John J. (23 April 2006). "Los tatuajes sirven para esconder cicatrices: Sobre la novela El búfalo de la noche, de Guillermo Arriaga Jordán". Letralia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  164. ^ "Hottest vegetarian celebs". Times of India. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  165. ^ Lee, Patty (8 July 2009). "Jason Bateman's struggle with alcohol and drugs was like 'Risky Business'". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  166. ^ Murray, Rebecca (2011). "Kate Beckinsale says she will eventually learn to drive..." About.com. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011.
  167. ^ Ron Bennington talks about addiction and his past Part 1 of 3 (YouTube video). Vesperwow. 17 October 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  168. ^ Famurewa, Jimi (2 September 2020). "John Boyega: 'I'm the only cast member whose experience of Star Wars was based on their race'". British GQ. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  169. ^ "Profile: Frankie Boyle: Frankie mocks the weak". The Scotsman. 26 September 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  170. ^ "Unfairly Branded". Chortle. 4 June 2006. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  171. ^ Mandell, Andrea (23 October 2012). "Gerard Butler talks sobriety at Hollywood parties". USA Today. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.
  172. ^ Araújo, Eva (1 February 2020). "Jim Carrey Opens up About Life in Parade". Jim Carrey Online. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  173. ^ David, Jessica (5 January 2012). "Teetotal Stars". Glamour. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  174. ^ Morrow, Terry (23 June 2007). "Voice of Homer Simpson leads his own, simple life". Albuquerque Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013.
  175. ^ "Billy Connolly". Chortle. 2022. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  176. ^ Dane cook interview part 2 (YouTube video). knightlaugh. 27 November 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  177. ^ Shira, Dahvi (5 September 2012). "Bradley Cooper: Why I Chose to Become Sober". People. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  178. ^ Park, Jeannie (23 July 1990). "Burn a Little Rubber, Melt a Lot of Hearts". People. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  179. ^ Ellen, Barbara (9 February 2002). "Charlotte's web". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  180. ^ Horkins, Tony (7 December 2008). "The New Regime: Kat Dennings". BlackBook. Archived from the original on 9 December 2008.
  181. ^ Radloff, Jessica (24 September 2012). "2 Broke Girls' Kat Dennings Opens Up About Cupcakes, the Co-Star She's Dating, and Her Trademark Red Lipstick!". Glamour. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  182. ^ a b "Kilmer Owes Sobriety To Downey Jr". contactmusic.net. 1 May 2005. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
  183. ^ "Teetotal Dushku Plays Bartender In Wine Film". contactmusic.net. 10 August 2008. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  184. ^ McMahon, James (31 December 2010). "Colin Farrell: 'Giving up alcohol was the best decision I ever made'". NME. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  185. ^ Ouzounian, Richard (8 April 2010). "Craig Ferguson: Measure of a man". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  186. ^ "Craig Ferguson Cuts Spears Slack". CBS News. 20 February 2007. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  187. ^ Ritschel, Chelsea (27 April 2022). "Jane Fonda reveals why she stopped drinking alcohol". The Independent.
  188. ^ Kirkpatrick, Emily. "Jane Fonda Says She Gave Up Drinking Because She Only Has "So Many Tomorrows Left" Vanity Fair". webcache.googleusercontent.com.
  189. ^ Ryan, Patrick (22 January 2023). "Michael J. Fox says he became an alcoholic, hid Parkinson's diagnosis: 'There's no way out'". USA Today. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  190. ^ Cagle, Jess (15 August 2018). "Michael J. Fox Reveals the Moment He Realized He Had to Stop Drinking". People. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  191. ^ Hedegaard, Erik (4 June 2013). "The Doobie Brothers: Lighting Up With the Stars of 'This Is the End'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  192. ^ Brillantes, Mariam (25 August 2013). "'Breaking Bad': Is Laura Fraser Going to Belize?". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013.
  193. ^ Simkins, Michael (12 November 2010). "Acting drunk can be staggeringly difficult". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
  194. ^ Smith, Andrew (29 September 2001). "Buffalo boy". The Guardian.
  195. ^ Suarez, J. M. (3 October 2010). "'Janeane Garofalo: If You Will': 'Life is too Long to Worry About the Afterlife'". Pop Matters. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  196. ^ "Janeane Garofalo on Acting, Reading, Drinking and Self Flagellation: Memories Monday". leosigh.com. 20 April 2015. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  197. ^ Hanson-Firestone, Dana (24 May 2020). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Joe Gatto". TVovermind. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  198. ^ Rookwood, Dan (4 July 2003). "Interview: Mark Bright". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  199. ^ "Tom Holland says he felt 'enslaved' to alcohol". BBC News. 11 July 2023.
  200. ^ Guy, Jack (30 December 2020). "Anthony Hopkins gives thanks for 45 years of sobriety in uplifting Twitter video". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  201. ^ Sam Hyde - FBI & Shooter meme [HydeWars_040] (YouTube video). Sam Hyde's Perfect Clips. 4 August 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  202. ^ "Episode 39". The Late Late Show. Season 9. 7 March 2013. CBS.
  203. ^ "Mixology certification [DVD commentary]". Community: The complete second season (DVD). Sony Pictures Television. 2018.
  204. ^ a b "Teller speaks!". Washington Post. 6 March 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016.
  205. ^ "Why Penn doesn't drink or do drugs". Big Think. 2017. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017.
  206. ^ Davies, Bree. "John Larroquette's moment of clarity with sobriety". Westword. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  207. ^ Fanning, Evan (18 May 2008). "Now Ewan is drunk on sobriety". Independent.ie. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  208. ^ Bringing a TTRPG drink to life with Brennan Lee Mulligan How to Drink, retrieved 20 January 2023
  209. ^ Sarkisian, Jacob (3 March 2021). "Gary Oldman opens up about history of alcoholism: 'I used to sweat vodka'". Insider. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  210. ^ Singh, Anita (4 July 2011). "Daniel Radcliffe: why I don't drink alcohol any more". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  211. ^ Carter, Claire (19 September 2014). "Martin Shaw: living apart is key to happy relationship". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  212. ^ "12-Stepping". Penn & Teller: Bullshit!. Season 2. Episode 6. Showtime.
  213. ^ Avila, Daniela (29 August 2023). "Alicia Witt on Overcoming the 'Toughest Time' in Her Life and Why She Quit Drinking (Exclusive)". People (magazine). Retrieved 29 August 2023.

외부 링크