스위스 여권

스위스 여권
스위스 현대 생체인식 여권의 앞표지
유형	여권
발급자	스위스
최초발행	1915년 12월 10일 (제1판) 2003년 1월 1일(기계 판독 가능 여권) 2006년 9월 4일 (생물 여권) 2010년 3월 1일(현재 버전)
목적	식별
자격	스위스 시민권
만료	성인은 10년, 미성년자는 17세까지 5년
비용	CHF 140(성인) / CHF 60(소수)[1]

스위스여권은 스위스 시민들에게 국제여행이 용이하도록 발급하는 여권이다. 스위스 국적을 증명하는 역할을 하는 것 외에도, 그들은 해외의 스위스 영사 관계자들의 도움을 얻는 과정을 용이하게 한다.

스위스의 신분증과 함께 여권은 EFTA와^[2] EU의 어느 주에서도 이동의 자유를 허용한다. 스위스는 EFTA의 회원국이자 EU와의 양자협정을 통해 이뤄지기 때문이다.^[3]

스위스 여권의 역사

최초의 스위스 여권은 1915년 12월 10일에 발행되었다. 특징적인 빨간색 스위스 여권은 1959년에 만들어졌다.^[4] 1985년까지 스위스 여권에는 영어뿐 아니라 당시의 국가 언어(프랑스어, 독일어, 이탈리아어)만 포함되어 있었다. 로만시는 85년 후반에 국민투표에 이은 제4회 스위스 국어로 선언된 후 추가되었다. 그 후 언어의 순서는 독일어, 프랑스어, 이탈리아어, 로마어, 영어로 바뀌었다.

Structure of the Swiss passport

Later Swiss passports (Pass 03, 06, and 10) contain 40 pages (instead of the previous 32) and a data page. 36 pages are provided for foreign visas and official stamps. The first page contains the bearer signature, as well as field 11 "Official observations". The pages 2–3 contain translations of the field labels of the data page in 13 (Pass 03) and 26 (Pass 06 and Pass 10) languages, respectively. Each page has a unique color pattern, as well as an incomplete Swiss cross which registers with the matching incomplete cross on the reverse side when held to light. On pages 8–33, the incomplete Swiss cross contains the microprinted name of a canton and the year it joined the Swiss Confederation, with the canton's coat of arms and a famous landmark in the top outer corner.

Biometric passports

Since 15 February 2010, non-biometric passports (Pass 03, 06, and 85) are no longer issued.

From 1 March 2010 and according to the Schengen Agreement, Swiss passports are all biometric. This is required for visa-free travel to the United States.^[5][6]

Data page

The Swiss passport includes the following fields on the polycarbonate data page ^[7]

• Photo of the passport bearer (also microperforated in the polycarbonate card)
• Type (PA - without biometrics, PM - with biometrics, PD - temporary passport, PB - diplomatic passport)^[8]
• Code (CHE)
• Passport number
• 1 Surname
• 2 Given name(s)
• 3 Nationality
• 4 Date of birth (dd.mm.yyyy)
• 5 Sex (M/F)
• 6 Height (cm)
• 7 Place of origin: (municipality and canton) (NB: birthplace is not indicated in Swiss identity documents)
• 8 Date of issue
• 9 Authority
• 10 Date of expiry

The bottom of the data page is the machine-readable zone.

Names with diacritics

Names containing diacritics (ä, ö, ü, à, ç, é, è, etc; the letter ß is not normally used in Swiss German) are spelled with diacritics outside the machine-readable zone, but in the machine-readable zone, German umlauts (ä/ö/ü) are transcribed as ae/oe/ue (e.g. Müller becomes MUELLER) while other letters simply omit the diacritics (e.g. Jérôme becomes JEROME and François becomes FRANCOIS) according to ICAO conventions.

The transcription above is generally used for airplane tickets etc., but sometimes simple vowels are used (e.g. MULLER instead of MÜLLER or MUELLER). The three possible spelling variants of the same name (e.g. Müller / Mueller / Muller) on different documents can lead to confusion, and the use of two different spellings within the same document (as in the passport) may give people who are unfamiliar with the German orthography the impression that the document is a forgery.

Endorsements

Page 1, in addition to the signature line, is the designated area for official endorsements (field 11, "Official observations").

Languages

The entire passport is written in the four official languages (German, French, Italian, and Romansch) as well as English, with the exception of page 40, containing use and care instructions only. Page 2 contains translations into 13 languages. In Pass 10, 13 additional languages were added in consideration of the 10 countries added to the EU in 2004 as well as Norwegian and Icelandic to cover the languages of the EFTA states. Consequently, the Swiss passport has 26 languages, exceeding the EU's own passports with 23 languages. Inside the back cover, the phrase "This passport contains 40 numbered pages" is written in the 26 languages.

Timeline of the Swiss passport

Present: Pass 10

Available from 1 March 2010, Pass 10 contains biometric data: a photograph and fingerprints. Switzerland was required to implement this type of passport in order to participate in the Schengen Agreement. Pages 2–3 contain 26 translations. Pass 10 is practically the same as Pass 06 except for a chip with biometric data. This passport was accepted in a popular referendum on 17 May 2009.

Pass 06

Pass 06 was issued from 2006. It contained biometric data in an RFID chip. This was a prototype of the newest Pass 10 but limited to a 5-year validity. On page 2 contains 13 translations. The older version, Pass 03, was still usable until the date of expiry, but because of the Schengen Agreement, had to be replaced with a biometric passport upon expiry.

Temporary passport (emergency passport)

The temporary passport is often called an "emergency passport." Under Swiss law regarding identity documents, it may be issued only when there is no time to apply for a regular passport, or a regular valid passport could not be presented (if the regular passport was lost, destroyed, or stolen for example), or if a valid passport does not meet the necessary requirements for travel (for instance when the time of passport validity is not long enough to enter a foreign country, e.g., Russia and China require more than 6 months of validity).

The temporary passport is the same as Pass 03, lacking biometric data. The front cover of the temporary passport is clearly marked with a white band on the lower half of the cover to distinguish it from a regular passport. The temporary passport only has 16 pages. There is no polycarbonate data page, instead using a laminated security paper data page. The temporary passport complies with international security standards for these types of documents and is machine readable.

The temporary passport can be applied for abroad at any Swiss consulate or embassy, any domestic passport office, or at the Zürich, Basel, and Geneva airports.

Pass 03

Pass 03 was first issued on 1 January 2003, because its predecessor did not comply with current international standards. Pass 03 is also the first Swiss passport equipped with a machine-readable, polycarbonate data page. It is identical to Pass 06, except for the fact that it contains no biometric data.

Pass 85

Pass 85 was first introduced on 1 April 1985. Its data page was not machine readable. The medium-red cover is decorated with a large Swiss cross and the words "Swiss Passport" vertically in 5 languages. An earlier version of Pass 85 only had 4 languages, until Romansh was made a national language in Switzerland in the late 1980s. Safety features include UV-reactive paper, watermarks with the page number and Swiss cross, Guilloché printing with variegated colours, colour shift ink, and printing registration elements when the passport is held up to light. The photograph of the bearer was glued on and embossed with two seals. Black and white photographs were acceptable in Pass 85. As in older passport versions, the bearer's hair and eye colours were stated.

Pass 59

Pass 59, introduced in 1959, had a dark red cover with a Swiss coat of arms on the left and on three lines "Passeport Suisse", "Schweizerpass", and "Passaporto Svizzero". The inner pages were in four languages: French, German, Italian—the three national languages at the time—and English. Security features included watermarks and Guilloché printing.

Pass 1932

Pass 1932 had a brown cover with a centred Swiss coat of arms and employed no security features. The Romansh language was not used.

Pass 1915

Pass 1915 had a green cover with no printing, and also only had the three Swiss official languages and no security features. There were no restrictions on the size of the photograph of the bearer, which could extend beyond the page margins.

Visa requirements

Visa requirements for Swiss passport holders are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on nationals of Switzerland. As of 17 February 2019, Swiss citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 185 countries and territories, ranking the Swiss passport sixth in the world in terms of travel freedom (tied with Austrian, British, Dutch, Norwegian and Portuguese passports), according to the Henley Passport Index.^[9] Additionally, Arton Capital's Passport Index ranked the Swiss passport fourth in the world in terms of travel freedom, with a visa-free score of 164 (tied with Austrian, Belgian, British, Canadian, Greek, Irish, Japanese and Portuguese passports), as of 17 February 2019.^[10]

As a member state of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Swiss citizens enjoy freedom of movement to live and work in Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein in accordance with the EFTA convention.^[11] Moreover, by virtue of Switzerland's bilateral agreements with the EU, Swiss citizens also have freedom of movement in all EU member states.^[3] All EFTA and EU citizens are not only visa-exempt but are legally entitled to enter and reside in each other's countries.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is allowed in Switzerland, but the requirements for the naturalization of foreigners vary from canton to canton. Male Swiss citizens, including dual citizens, can be required to perform military or civilian service, and Swiss citizens are not allowed to participate in any other military, unless they are a citizen of, and are resident in, the country in question. (The Swiss Guards of the Vatican are regarded as a "house police" and not as an army.)

Price

Prices in Swiss Francs (CHF) as of 24 January 2017 ^[12]

	Passport	Passport combined with ID card	Temporary Passport	Identity Card
Children up to 18	CHF 60	CHF 68	CHF 100	CHF 30
Adult	CHF 140	CHF 148	CHF 100	CHF 65

Temporary passports issued by the Federal Police at airports incur an additional fee of CHF 50.

See also

• Passports of the EFTA member states
• Swiss identity card

References and sources

References

Sources

• Council regulation 539/2001 [1]
• Council regulation 1932/2006 [2]
• Council regulation 539/2001 consolidated version, 19.1.2007 [3]

External links

• Schweizer Pass Official Swiss passport site available in German, French and Italian
• Images of a 1931 Swiss passport from www.passportland.com (at Internet Archive)
• Images of a 1956 Swiss passport from www.passportland.com (at Internet Archive)