민족보수주의

National conservatism

국가보수주의는 국가와 문화적 정체성을 유지하는 데 중점을 둔 보수주의민족주의적 변형입니다.그것은 전통주의적 보수주의와 사회적 [1][2][3][4][5]보수주의의 측면을 공유합니다.국가 보수주의자들은 보통 보수주의와 민족주의적 입장을 결합해서 문화적 보수주의, 가족의 가치관, 이민 [4][5][6][7]반대강조합니다.국가적 보수 정당들은 종종 진보적 보수 [8]정당들의 더 많은 도시적 지지 기반과 대조적으로 농촌, 전통주의 또는 주변적 기반을 가진 환경에 뿌리를 두고 있습니다.유럽에서는 보통 어떤 형태로든 유럽 [7][9]회의론을 받아들입니다.구체적으로 공산주의 이후중부와 동부 유럽에서는 1989년 이후 대부분의 보수 정당들이 국가적 보수 [10]이념을 따르고 있습니다.미국에서 트럼피즘은 다양한 국가 [11][12]보수주의로 여겨질 수 있는데, 이는 에드먼드 버크 [13]재단이 주최하는 국가 보수주의 회의에 이름을 붙이기도 합니다.

이데올로기

사회정책

이념적으로, 국가 보수주의는 획일적인 철학이 아니지만, 지지자들은 국가주의, 애국심, 동화주의, 단일문화주의에 대한 지지를 폭넓게 표명했습니다.동시에 국제주의, 인종 정치, 다문화주의,[14][15][16] 세계주의에 반대하는 입장을 표명했습니다.국가보수주의자들은 문화적 정체성뿐만 아니라 국가 정체성의 보존을 강조하는 문화적 민족주의의 형태를 고수합니다.그 결과, 많은 사람들이 지배적인 문화로의 동화, 이민 제한, 엄격한 법질서 [5][7][4]정책을 선호합니다.

국가적 보수 정당들은 "사회적으로 전통적"[7]이며 전통적인 가족 가치, 성 역할, [4][17]종교의 공공적 역할을 지지하며 때로는 정교 분리에 비판적입니다.오스트리아의 정치학자 시글린데 로젠베르거(Sieglinde Rosenberger)에 따르면, "국가적 보수주의는 가족을 집이자 정체성, 연대, [17]전통의 중심으로 칭송합니다."따라서 많은 국가 보수주의자들은 사회 보수주의자들입니다.

경제정책

다른 나라의 국가 보수 정당들은 경제 정책에 대해 반드시 공통된 입장을 가지고 있지는 않습니다.그들의 견해는 조합주의혼합 경제를 지지하는 것에서부터 더 자유방임적인 접근법에 이르기까지 다양할 수 있습니다.첫 번째, 더 일반적인 경우, 국가 보수주의자들은 자유 시장 경제 정책, 규제 완화 및 긴축 지출이 주요한 우선순위인 진보 [18]보수주의자들과 구별될 수 있습니다.일부 논평가들은 "오늘날 우파의 대부분의 정당들은 다양한 정도로 사회적, 문화적 및 국가적 [18]보수를 소외시킨 경제적 자유주의 보수주의자들에 의해 운영되고 있습니다."라는 국가적 자유주의 보수주의와 경제적 자유주의 사이의 격차가 증가하고 있음을 확인했습니다.

대외정책

국가의 보수주의자들은 보통 자국의 이익을 지지하는 외교 정책을 지지합니다.그들은 군국주의, 일방주의, 고립주의로 기울어져 있습니다.그들은 현대 글로벌 [6][19]시대를 특징짓는 국제주의다자주의를 거부합니다.그들은 종종 유엔의 세계주의적 의제가 그들의 고유한 국가 [6][19]정체성과 유럽연합과 다른 국제 기구들을 약화시킨다고 느끼면서 유엔에 대해 부정적인 견해를 가지고 있습니다.

지역주의적 다양성

지역 정당은 지역이 속한 국가와 일치하지 않고 민족주의적이거나 민족주의적일 수 있습니다.남티롤은 독일어를 사용하는 대다수의 "국가적 보수" 정당을 대표하고, 남티롤이 문화적, 역사적 유대를 공유하는 이웃 오스트리아와 동일시하기 때문에 주목할 만한 입니다.

보수주의 정당 목록

현재의 국가 보수 정당, 또는 국가 보수 파벌을 가진 정당

일본의 보수적인 자민당은 오랫동안 일본의 정치를 지배해 왔습니다.(1955 시스템 참조).

다음의 정당들은 이념적으로 국가 보수주의에 영향을 받은 것으로 특징지어집니다.

소멸되었거나 이전의 국가 보수 정당 또는 국가 보수 파벌을 가진 정당

참고 항목

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