홀로코스트 기념 및 박물관 목록

List of Holocaust memorials and museums

많은 단체, 박물관, 기념물들이 홀로코스트, 나치 최종 해결책, 그리고 수백만 명의 희생자들을 위한 기념물로 쓰이도록 의도되어 있다.

국가별로 나열된 기념품 및 박물관:

기타 섹션:

알바니아

  • 영어, 히브리어, 알바니아어로 된 3개의 돌판에 새겨진 홀로코스트 기념비: "알바니아인, 기독교인, 무슬림은 유대인을 보호하고 구하기 위해 목숨을 위태롭게 했다." (티라나)[1][2]

아르헨티나

호주.

오스트리아

, 유덴플라츠 홀로코스트

벨라루스

벨기에

브라질

불가리아

캐나다

중국 (중화인민공화국)

크로아티아

쿠바

체코 공화국

프라하의 핑카스 회당에서 홀로코스트 희생자들의 이름
체코, 발라슈케 메지시이치의 홀로코스트 기념관

에콰도르

  • Casa Museo Trude Sojka (홀로코스트 생존자 및 [26]예술가 추모)

에스토니아

에스토니아 클로가 강제수용소 터에 있는 홀로코스트 기념비.

프랑스.

독일.

유럽의 유대인 학살 기념비 (베를린)

그리스

2010년에 헌정된 아테네 홀로코스트 기념관.

헝가리

인도네시아

이스라엘

이탈리아

일본.

라트비아

라트비아 럼불라 대학살 현장 기념비

리투아니아

룩셈부르크

멕시코

네덜란드

뉴질랜드

북마케도니아

노르웨이

  • 홀로코스트 및 종교 소수자 연구 센터(오슬로)

필리핀

폴란드

포르투갈

루마니아

러시아

세르비아

크라구예바크 슈마리체 기념공원

슬로바키아

홀로코스트와 철거된 시나고그 기념관, 브라티슬라바에 있는 Rybne namestie

슬로베니아

남아프리카 공화국

스페인

수리남

수리남, 홀로코스트 기념 파라마리보

스웨덴

대만

우크라이나

영국

런던 하이드 파크에 있는 홀로코스트 기념관

미국

우루과이

우즈베키스탄

제2차 세계대전 중 유대인 난민을 도운 우즈벡인을 기리기 위해 2022년 5월 제막된 타슈켄트[145] 기념비 빅토리 파크.그것은 빅토리 파크에 의해 조각되었다.그것은 우즈베키[마리나 보로디나]에 의해 만들어졌다.

기념비는 시립 승리공원에 있다

「 」를 참조해 주세요.

메모들

  1. ^ 나치에 의해 조직적으로 살해된 장애인들에 대한 독일 국립 기념비가 2014년 [41][42]베를린에 헌정되었다.60여 명의 나치 관료와 의사들이 'T4' 프로그램에 의해 비밀리에 일하며 살 [42]가치가 없는 요양원과 정신병원의 환자들을 조직한 티에프텐트 공원 옆 터에 위치하고 있다.

레퍼런스

  1. ^ Semini, Llazar (9 July 2020). "Albania, only country with more Jews after the Holocaust, inaugurates memorial". The Times of Israel.
  2. ^ Dolsten, Josefin (22 August 2020). "Holocaust survivor architect designs memorial for Albanians who rescued Jews". The Times of Israel.
  3. ^ "museodelholocausto.org.ar". museodelholocausto.org.ar. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  4. ^ "Jewish Holocaust Centre". Jewish Holocaust Centre. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  5. ^ "Holocaust Memorial". Leo Baeck Centre for Progressive Judaism. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  6. ^ "Jewish Victims of the Holocaust". Monument Australia. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  7. ^ "Sydney Jewish Museum – Memorials". Sydney Jewish Museum. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  8. ^ "Holocaust- und Toleranzzentrum Steiermark (Holocaust and Tolerance Center Styria)". Holocaust- und Toleranzzentrum Stmk. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  9. ^ "Mauthausen-memorial.at". Mauthausen-memorial.at. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  10. ^ "Kazerne Dossin". Kazerne Dossin: Museum, Memorial and Documentation Centre on Holocaust and Human Rights. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  11. ^ "National Monument to the Jewish Martyrs of Belgium". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  12. ^ "Memorial da Imigração Judaica e do Holocausto". Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  13. ^ Lott, Diana (19 November 2017). "First Holocaust Museum to be Inaugurated in São Paulo". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  14. ^ "Jewish Historical Museum". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  15. ^ "Dimitar Peshev Museum". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  16. ^ "House-Museum "Dimiter Peshev"". Regional Historical Museum. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  17. ^ "Monument of Gratitude". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  18. ^ "Yom HaShoah: Holocaust Remembrance Day commemorated in Edmonton". Edmonton Jewish News. 6 May 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  19. ^ "Home – Sarah and Chaim Neuberger – Holocaust Education Centre – UJA Federation of Greater Toronto". www.holocaustcentre.com. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  20. ^ "VHEC.org". VHEC.org. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  21. ^ "Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre (香港大屠杀和宽容中心)". Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  22. ^ "Shanghai Jewish Museum – Overview". Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum (上海犹太难民纪念馆). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  23. ^ ""The Wall of Shanghai List" unveiled". Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  24. ^ Luxner, Larry (3 May 2004). "Polish stone for Cuba's Shoah memorial". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  25. ^ "Cuba's First Holocaust Exhibit Opens at the Sephardic Center in Havana". USC Press Room. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  26. ^ www.trudesojka.museum
  27. ^ "Maison d'Izieu mémorial des enfants juifs exterminés".
  28. ^ izieu.alma.fr Wayback Machine에서 2010-12-03년 아카이브 완료
  29. ^ "Centre de la mĂŠmoire d'Oradour". Oradour.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  30. ^ "Drancy Holocaust museum".
  31. ^ "The Shoah Memorial in Drancy". Mémorial de la Shoah. 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  32. ^ "Centre Hospitalier Isarien: Histoire: La guerre 39-45". Centre Hospitalier Isarien (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  33. ^ "Memorial to the patients of the Clermont psychiatric ward: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  34. ^ "Accueil - Gurs". Camp de Gurs (in French). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  35. ^ "Présentation: Inauguration du Mémorial de l'internement et de la déportation". Mémorial de l'internement et de la déportation Camp de Royallieu (in French). 16 February 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  36. ^ "Les Milles Camp Memorial: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  37. ^ "Vélodrome d'Hiver: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  38. ^ "CERCIL – Study and Research Centre on the Internment Camps in Loiret: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  39. ^ "Natzweiler-Struthof Museum and European Centre of Deported Resistance Members". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  40. ^ "Memorial and Information Point for the Victims of National Socialist "Euthanasia" Killings". Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  41. ^ ABC News. "International News – World News – ABC News". ABC News.
  42. ^ a b "Berlin Dedicates Holocaust Memorial for Disabled – Global Agenda – News". Arutz Sheva.
  43. ^ 20세기 랜즈버그 시민회 - 유럽 홀로코스트 기념비 설립 - 1983년 11월 9일 설립 - 30년 이상 지역 홀로코스트 강제수용소 카우퍼링/랜즈버그 추모 활동
  44. ^ Smith, Helena (9 May 2010). "Athens unveils its first Holocaust memorial". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  45. ^ "The Jewish Museum of Greece". Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  46. ^ "Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki". Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  47. ^ "Holocaust Museum of Greece".
  48. ^ "The History of the Jewish Community of Rhodes". Jewish Community of Rhodes. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  49. ^ "Jewish Museum of Rhodes". Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  50. ^ "HDKA.hu". Hdke.hu. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  51. ^ "The Diplomat".
  52. ^ "Melihat Museum Holocaust di Sulut yang Keberadaannya Ramai Ditentang (Visiting a Holocaust museum at North Sulawesi whose its existence were opposed)". Detik.com. 5 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  53. ^ "Ghetto Fighters' House Museum".
  54. ^ "From Holocaust to Revival Museum". Yad- Mordechai Museum.
  55. ^ "Israel city unveils gay Holocaust victims memorial - Houston Chronicle". www.chron.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014.
  56. ^ "The Anne Frank Children's Human Rights Memorial".
  57. ^ "Holocaust Education Center, Japan". urban.ne.jp. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  58. ^ 예수 앤의 장미 교회 집성회
  59. ^ 아우슈비츠 평화박물관 2019년 2월 23일 2019년 3월 2일 회수된 웨이백 머신에 보관.
  60. ^ "Holocaust Exhibition". Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum.
  61. ^ "Paneriai Memorial". Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum.
  62. ^ "New Holocaust Memorial in Šeduva, Lithuania". Jewish Heritage Europe. June 2015.
  63. ^ "Kauno IX forto muziejus".
  64. ^ "Sugihara House".
  65. ^ "The Green House Holocaust Museum, Vilnius".
  66. ^ "CDMX".
  67. ^ "Hollandsche Schouwburg: Remembrance". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa.
  68. ^ "조드 기념비"
  69. ^ "The Dock Worker Monument: Remberance". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa.
  70. ^ "The National Westerbork Memorial". Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork.
  71. ^ "Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught". Camp Vught National Memorial.
  72. ^ "Philippine-Israel Friendship Park unveiled". Embassy of Israel in the Philippines. 19 August 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  73. ^ "Ghetto Heroes Memorial: Remembrance". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa.
  74. ^ "Museum of the Former Death Camp in Sobibór". Muzeum Byłego Obozu Zagłady w Sobiborze. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  75. ^ "Bucharest: Holocaust Memorial". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  76. ^ "Elie Wiesel Memorial House". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  77. ^ "Memorial to the Victims of the 1941 Pogrom, Bucharest". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  78. ^ "Holocaust Memorial in Târgu Mures". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  79. ^ "Dedicatie". Muzeul Memorial al Holocaustului din Transilvania de Nord (in Romanian). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  80. ^ "Oradea's Monument to the Deportees is Renovated and Rededicated in a Special Ceremony". Oradea Jewish Community. 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  81. ^ "Holocaust Center". Центр и Фонд Холокост (Holocaust Center and Foundation) (in Russian). Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  82. ^ "Pushkin: Commemoration of Jewish Victims". The Untold Stories. The Murder Sites of the Jews in the Occupied Territories of the Former USSR. Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Vashem. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  83. ^ "Memorial "Formula of Sorrow"". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  84. ^ "Memorial Plaque to the Victims of the First Deportation from Königsberg". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  85. ^ "Memorial to the victims of fascism in Kranodar". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  86. ^ "Monument at the site where the Jews of Lyubavichi were shot". Holocaust Memorials. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  87. ^ "Ravine of Death Memorial to the Jews of Taganrog". Holocaust Memorials. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  88. ^ "Memorial to Holocaust Victims Opened in Kaliningrad". Guarant-InfoCentre. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  89. ^ "Holocaust Memorial in Yantarny (Palmnicken)". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  90. ^ "Monument at Vostryakovskoye Cemetery". Holocaust Memorials. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  91. ^ "Zmievskaya Balka Memorial". Holocaust Rostov-on-Don August 1942.
  92. ^ ""Menorah in Flames" Holocaust Memorial". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  93. ^ "Jewish Historical Museum of Belgrade". Holocaust Memorials. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  94. ^ "Museum of Genocide Victims". Belgrade. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  95. ^ "Memorial to the Poet Miklós Radnóti". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  96. ^ "Memorial to the Victims of the Kladovo-Transport". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  97. ^ "Memorial Park "October of Kragujevac"". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  98. ^ "The history (in English)". The Memorial Park October in Kragujevac. 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  99. ^ "Memorial to the Victims of the Massacre at Novi Sad". Information Portal to European Sites of Rememerance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  100. ^ "Memorial at the Cemetery of the Murdered After the Suppression of the Slovak National Uprising". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  101. ^ "Holocaust Memorial Bratislava". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  102. ^ "Holocaust memorial". Jewish Bratislava. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  103. ^ "Museum of Jewish Culture in Bratislava". Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  104. ^ "Museum of Jewish Culture: About the museum". Slovak National Museum. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  105. ^ "V Huncovciach odhalili pamätník obetiam holokaustu" [Memorial to the victims of the Holocaust is unveiled in Huncovce]. Podtatranské noviny (in Slovak). Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  106. ^ "Memorial plaque in the synagogue of Košice". Holocaust Memorials: Monuments, Museums and Institutions in Commemoration of Nazi Victims. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  107. ^ "Memorial to the Slovak National Uprising". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  108. ^ "Memorial Plaque to the Victims of the Nováky Forced Labour and Concentration Camp". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  109. ^ "Memorial Plaque to the Deported Jews at Poprad Railway Station". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  110. ^ "Prešov Monument and Museum of Jewish Culture". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  111. ^ "Memorial plaque in Prešov Town Hall". Holocaust Memorials: Monuments, Museums and Institutions in Commemoration of Nazi Victims. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  112. ^ "Sereď Holocaust Museum". Slovak National Museum. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  113. ^ "Zvolen – The Park of Generous Souls". Slovak Jewish Heritage. Retrieved 10 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint :url-status (링크)
  114. ^ "Loibl Süd Concentration Camp Memorial". Holocaust Memorials: Monuments, Museums and Institutions in Commemoration of Nazi Victims. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  115. ^ "CTholocaust.co.za". CTholocaust.co.za. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  116. ^ "Our Centre – Durban Holocaust Centre". Ctholocaust.co.za. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  117. ^ "Johannesburg Holocaust & Genocide Centre". jhbholocaust.co.za. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  118. ^ memorialmuseums.org/denkmaeler/view/1215/Memorial-for-the-victims-of-the-Holocaust "Memorial for the victims of the Holocaust". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 22 October 2019. {{cite web}}:확인. url=(도움말)
  119. ^ "Monumento a las víctimas del campo del Mauthausen (Almería)". Junta de Andalucía. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  120. ^ "70 years after the Holocaust, a Surinamese memorial for Caribbean victims the Times of Israel". The Times of Israel.
  121. ^ Ghiuzeli, Haim F. "The Great Synagogue of Stockholm". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  122. ^ "Storsjöteatern". www.ostersund.se. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  123. ^ "Taiwan Holocaust Museum (Che Lu Chien Church)(臺灣Holocaust和平紀念館(車路墘教會))". Tainan Travel. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  124. ^ ""Wailing Wall" for the murdered Jews of Bakhmut: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  125. ^ a b "Memorial to the murdered Jews of Chernihiv". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  126. ^ "Kowel: Commemoration of Jewish Victims". The Untold Stories. The Murder Sites of the Jews in the Occupied Territories of the Former USSR. Yad Vashem. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  127. ^ "Bakhiv (Kovel)". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  128. ^ "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Kovel". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  129. ^ "Kysylyn". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  130. ^ "Memorials to the murdered Jews of Lutsk". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  131. ^ "Memorial to the murdered Jews of Mariupol". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  132. ^ "Memorial to the Jews of Mukacheve: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  133. ^ "Holocaust Museum". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  134. ^ "История открытия музея Холокост" [History of the Holocaust museum opening]. Odessa Regional Association of Jews - Former Ghetto Prisoners and Concentration Camps (in Ukrainian). 13 October 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  135. ^ "Ostrozhets". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  136. ^ "Memorial to the murdered Jews of Pryluky". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  137. ^ "Ratno: Commemoration of Jewish Victims". The Untold Stories. The Murder Sites of the Jews in the Occupied Territories of the Former USSR. Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Vashem. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  138. ^ "Prokhid". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  139. ^ "Ostrozhets". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  140. ^ "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Rava-Ruska". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  141. ^ "Rava-Ruska". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  142. ^ "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Schitomir". Holocaust Memorials: Monuments, Museums and Institutions in Commemoration of Nazi Victims. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  143. ^ "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Zhytomyr". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  144. ^ "Memorial del Holocausto del Pueblo Judío" (in Spanish). Intendencia de Montevideo. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  145. ^ "Jewish News Syndicate".

추가 정보

  • Young, James. E (1993). The texture of memory: Holocaust memorials and meaning. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300059915.

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