독일의 발명 및 발견 목록

List of German inventions and discoveries

"오늘 세상이 좋은지 나쁜지는 구텐베르크 덕분이다.모든 것은 이 근원으로 추적될 수 있지만, 우리는 그에게 경의를 표할 수밖에 없다. 그의 거대한 발명이 가져온 나쁜 점 때문에 인류가 천 배나 더 많은 사랑을 받았던 선에 가려져 있기 때문이다."

American writer Mark Twain (1835−1910)[1]

독일의 발명 발견은 독일의 한 사람(독일인이 아닌 부모를 포함하여)이 독일 또는 해외에서 태어났거나 적어도 한 명의 독일인 부모를 포함하여 외국에서 태어나 교육이나 보살핌의 대부분을 가진 사람에 의해 발명, 혁신 또는 발견되는 아이디어, 객체, 프로세스 또는 기법이다.독일에서는.흔히 처음 발견한 것을 발명이라고도 하며, 많은 경우 둘 사이에 명확한 선이 없다.

독일 태생 알버트 아인슈타인, 세계적으로 유명한 물리학자

많은 유명한 발명가, 발견자들과 엔지니어들은 CarlvonLinde였다, 현대적인 냉장고를 개발했다;[2]폴 독일의 과학자, 그의 독일의 과학자 디스크와 함께 텔레비전의 기반을 마련하였다;[3]한스 가이거 씨는 가이거 카운터의 창시자, 그리고 콘라트 추제 가장 먼저 완전 자동 디지털 컴퓨터(Z3)을 포함한 독일 집,. 그리고 찾았다고e 첫 번째 상용 컴퓨터([4][5]Z4)페르디난드 제플린 백작,[6] 오토 릴리엔탈, 고틀립 다임러, 루돌프 디젤, 휴고 융커스, 칼 벤츠와 같은 독일의 발명가, 엔지니어, 산업가들은 현대 자동차와 항공 운송 기술을 형성하는데 도움을 주었다.항공우주 엔지니어 베르너 브라운페네뮌데에서 최초의 우주 로켓을 개발했고, 이후 NASA의 저명한 일원이었으며, 토성 V 문 로켓을 개발했다.전자파 방사선 영역에서 하인리히 루돌프 헤르츠의 업적은 현대 통신의 발전에 중추적인 역할을 했다.[7]

알버트 아인슈타인은 1905년과 1915년에 각각 빛과 중력에 대한 특수 상대성 이론과 일반 상대성 이론을 소개했다.막스 플랑크와 함께 양자역학의 도입에 중요한 역할을 하였는데, 이 과정에서 베르너 하이젠베르크막스 본이 나중에 주요한 공헌을 했다.[8]빌헬름 뢴트겐엑스레이를 발견했다.[9]오토 한방사화학 분야의 선구자로 핵분열을 발견했고, 페르디난드 콘로버트 코흐미생물학의 창시자였다.

이동형 인쇄기는 15세기 독일의 대장장이 요하네스 구텐베르크가 발명했다.1997년 타임라이프지는 구텐베르크의 발명품을 제2천년기 중 가장 중요한 것으로 꼽았다.[10]1998년 A&E 네트워크는 구텐베르크를 '천년의 생물' 카운트다운에서 2천년의 가장 영향력 있는 인물로 선정했다.[10]

다음은 독일어로 알려지거나 일반적으로 인정된 발명, 혁신 또는 발견의 목록이다.

해부학

펩타틴 복합제 펩신
정상 노화뇌(왼쪽)와 알츠하이머 환자의 뇌(오른쪽) 비교

동물

사자와 함께 하겐벡

고고학

베를린 고고학 표본(A. 지멘시)

예술

천문학

생물학, 유전학, 기억력

세포분열 3종류

화학

사탕무의 삽화.아차드의 발견은 현대 설탕 산업의 시작이었다.
종종 첫 번째 라이터로 환영받는 도베레이너의 램프
하버 과정비료를 만드는 데 있어 기본이다.
유리 페트리 접시의 아래쪽 반쪽
GSI의 선형 입자 가속기하시가 발견된 UNILAC

의류, 화장품, 패션

청바지 한 벌

컴퓨팅

Gottfried Leibniz는 현대적인 2진수 체계를 만들었다.
콘래드 주즈는 (현대식) 컴퓨터의 발명가로 여겨진다.

건축, 건축 및 상점

베르너지멘스는 최초의 전기 엘리베이터를 발명했다.
전기 체인소

요리.

거미곰하리보에 의해 처음 만들어졌다.
감자튀김과 맥주를 곁들인 햄버거
독일식 필스너인 비트버거 한 잔.필스너는 바이에른 요제프 그롤에 의해 발명되었다.

교육, 언어 및 인쇄

재탄생 구텐베르크 언론

엔터테인먼트, 전자 및 미디어

닙코우 원반텔레비전의 기초를 닦았다.
오실로스코프에서 찾을 수 있는 음극선 튜브
휴대 전화에 표시된 SMS

지리학, 지질학 및 광산

판게아 지도

가정용 및 사무용 기기

Justus von Liebig는 현대 거울을 발명했다.
냉장고에 음식과 음료수 넣기

수학

칠판에 쓰여진 미적분 방정식
두 세트의 교차점 그림(세트 이론)

약과 약

프리드리히 세르튀르너모르핀을 최초로 격리시킨 사람이었다.
절제를 위해 준비된 코카인 라인
콘택트렌즈 한 켤레
아스피린바이엘에 의해 발명되었다.
바이엘 헤로인 광고
1924년 한스 버거가 획득한 최초의 인간 뇌파 기록

군사 및 (화학) 무기

제1차 세계 대전 중 독일의 화염병(1917년)
V-2 로켓의 복제품

악기

물리 및 과학 기구

하인리히 헤르츠는 그의 발견으로 현대 통신의 기초를 닦았다.
빌헬름 뢴트겐(1895)의 첫 번째 "의료" X선
막스 플랑크양자론의 아버지로 여겨진다.
아인슈타인1905년 E = 2006년 베를린 사상무대 mc2 공식 조각
Ernst Ruska가 1933년에 건설한 전자 현미경; 그의 첫 번째 프로토타입 이후 2년 후

사회학, 철학, 정치학

오토 비스마르크는 세계 최초의 현대 복지 국가를 만들었다.

종교, 윤리, 축제

스포츠

핸드볼 경기 진행 중
최초의 올림픽 성화 봉송베를린에서 끝났다 (1936년)

관광 및 레크리에이션

장난감 등 놀이 도구

55PB의 Replica Steiff 모델

교통

1817년의 오리지널 Laufmaschine; 최초의 자전거
오토 릴리엔탈의 글라이더 테스트(1895)
다임러 모터-라스트바겐은 세계 최초의 트럭이었다.

참고 항목

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